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Issn: CN 22-1128/O6

CN:ISSN 1000-0518

Director:Chinese Academy of Sciences

Host:Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Synthesis of Side-chain-sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) as Cation Exchange Membranes by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
HUANG Xuehong, LIN Juan, ZHENG Ronxue, LIN Yifeng, DING Fuchuan*, LING Qidan*
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30400
Preparation and Application of High Stability Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66
HAN Yitong,LIU Min,LI Keyan,ZUO Yi,ZHANG Guoliang,ZHANG Zongchao,GUO Xinwen
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2016, 33 (4): 367-378.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2016.04.150439
Abstract12258)   HTML2065098387)    PDF (943KB)(12484)      

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are a new class of hybrid porous crystalline materials constructed from metal-oxygen clusters with organic linkers, creating three dimensional ordered frameworks. As porous materials, MOFs usually possess very high surface area. The framework topologies and pore size of MOFs can be designed via choosing various metal centers and organic linkers, their chemical properties can be modified by chemical functionalization of linkers and post modification. These unique characteristics make MOFs one of the research hot spots in the fields of chemistry and materials, and they have shown potential applications in various research areas. But there is a crucial weakness which hinders the development of MOFs, namely, the low stability. However, zirconium-terephthalate-based MOF UiO-66 has remarkable hydrothermal stability, the framework is claimed to be stable up to 500 ℃, and it is also highly resistant to many solvents. UiO-66 has gained great attention since the outstanding qualities. In this review, details of the synthesis modulation and functionalization of UiO-66 are presented. In addition, the research actuality and prospective of UiO-66 in the fields of adsorption, catalysis, etc. are also discussed.

Cited: CSCD(14)
Progress in the Chemistry of Materials Based on Graphene
XU Chao, CHEN Sheng, WANG Xin*
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2011, 28 (01): 1-9.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2010.00205
Abstract4968)      PDF (2726KB)(12141)      

We present a brief review of recent progress in materials chemistry based on graphene, including the preparation and surface modification of graphene and graphene-based composites. The composites consisted of graphene and polymers, inorganic particles and other carbonaceous materials are described principally. In addition, the prospective applications of these graphenebased materials have also been briefly introduced.

Cited: CSCD(16)
Synthesis of sevoflurane changed by halogen-exchange fluorination in Ionic Liquids
LI Bin-Dong*,LV Chun-Xu
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2009, 26 (09): 1126-1128.  
Abstract2778)      PDF (185KB)(12002)      

Sevoflurane was synthesized from 1,1,13,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(chloromethoxy)-propane by halogen-exchange in the presence of an ionic liquid as the solvent and a fluorinating agent . Mechanism of the phase transfer catalysis was discussed. The effects of [bpy]BF4, [bmim]BF4, [bepy]BF4 and [bmim]PF6 on the yield were investigated. The ionic liquidwater system and high surface area could not only induce KF to enter into the ionic liquid to produce high active F- but also reduce the formation of byproducts. The yield was 94.6%. The ionic liquid could be reused for three times without noticeable loss of activity.

Cited: CSCD(1)
Physical Stability of Ametryne Suspension Concentrate
LI Hui, LU Fusui*, WANG Huying, ZHAI Lili, LI Xiuli
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2012.00158
Research Progress in Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to C 2+ Hydrocarbons over Fe-Based Catalysts
DING Fanshu,NIE Xiaowa,LIU Min,SONG Chunshan,GUO Xinwen
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2016, 33 (2): 123-132.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2016.02.150431
Abstract1982)   HTML65)    PDF (744KB)(11295)      

Catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO2) to value-added hydrocarbons is of great environmental and social importance, which can not only reduce CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, but also conform with sustainable development strategy. This paper reviews the progress in catalytic conversion of CO2 to C2+ hydrocarbons over Fe-based catalyst. Reaction pathway and mechanism, catalyst preparation and reactor design are emphatically introduced. In addition, the future of hydrocarbons synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation is also summarized.

Nanozyme: A New Type of Biosafety Material
ZHAO Yue, MENG Xiang-Qin, YAN Xi-Yun, FAN Ke-Long
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2021, 38 (5): 524-545.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210174
Abstract4658)      PDF (3692KB)(10642)      
Nanozymes are a kind of nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity. Since they were first discovered in 2007, nearly a thousand kinds of nanomaterials with different compositions have been found to have enzyme-like activity. They exhibit similar enzymatic reaction kinetics and catalytic mechanisms to natural enzymes and can be used as a good substitute for natural enzymes. Due to the enzyme-like activity and the advantages of multifunctionality, economy, stability, and easy to scale production, nanozymes have shown good application prospects in the rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms and the prevention or treatment of infectious diseases. Therefore, nanozymes are regarded as a new type of biosafety material. This article reviews the application of nanozymes in detecting and killing of bacteria and viruses in recent years, and provides a basis for the development of diagnostic and anti-pathogenic microbial treatment strategies based on nanozyme when responding to major biosafety threats and preventing biosafety hazards.
Cited: CSCD(1)
Progress Research on Photosensitive Polyimide
GUO Hai-Quan, YANG Zheng-Hua, GAO Lian-Xun
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2021, 38 (9): 1119-1137.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210274
Abstract3834)      PDF (3669KB)(8992)      
In recent years, photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) has been rapidly developed under the demand of high-tech fields such as advanced packaging technology, microelectromechanical systems, and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. The progress of PSPI has attracted widespread attention in terms of basic research, application, and industrialization. Photosensitive polyimide shows an increasingly prominent importance as a practical self-patternable film. This paper reviews the recent research progress in the structural design, photochemical reaction and light-sensitive properties of positive and negative photosensitive polyimides, briefly introduces the application in the field of the integrated circuits, microelectromechanical systems and OLED displays, and finally gives an outlook on the development of photosensitive polyimides in research and applications.
Cited: CSCD(1)
Biomimetic Flexible Hydrogel Electronics
Sheng-Nan LI, Jun FU
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2022, 39 (1): 55-73.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210514
Abstract1258)   HTML35)    PDF (9007KB)(8519)      

Hydrogels have tissue-like mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility, and are widely recognized as ideal candidate materials for bioelectronics. Inspired by bio-tissues such as skin, nerves, and muscles, etc., a lot of hydrogels with biomimetic structures and functions have been developed to mimic the capability of creatures to sense external stimuli including temperature, pressure, strain, and electric field, etc. Such biomimetic hydrogels have important applications in electronic skin, artificial muscles, and artificial nerves, etc. This article reviews recent progress of biomimetic flexible hydrogel electronics, including representative hydrogel flexible electronic devices, typical applications, and major challenges in this field. Some open key scientific issue and important directions are outlooked in a brief perspective section at the end.

Cited: CSCD(1)
Synthesis and Properties of B-Site Doped All-Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dots
ZHU Meng-Meng, BAI Jue-Yao, CHEN Ren-Jie, LI Hui-Li
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2021, 38 (12): 1541-1555.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.200400
Abstract955)      PDF (2161KB)(8433)      
Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have been widely researched in recent years because of their promising luminescent properties. However, due to its poor stability and toxicity, it still faces many obstacles in future production and applications. As an effective method to improve the luminescence output and reduce the toxicity of perovskite QDs, B-site doping has also been significantly developed. This paper introduces some vital methods for synthesizing B-site doped perovskite QDs which sprang up in recent years, and summarizes the doping mechanism of B-site doped perovskite QDs and its influence on the photoluminescence properties and stabilities. The development trends and the possibilities of practical applications of B-site doped all-inorganic perovskite QDs in the future are proposed finally.
Cited: CSCD(1)
Research Progress on g-Line and i-Line Photoresists
GU Xue-Song, LI Xiao-Ou, LIU Ya-Dong, JI Sheng-Xiang
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2021, 38 (9): 1091-1104.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210265
Abstract3383)      PDF (3477KB)(8422)      
Photoresist is an indispensable basic material in the integrated circuit field. As the increasingly fierce international competition, photoresist is monopolized by United States, Japan and other countries. The localization of photoresist is imminent. This review focuses on g-line (436 nm) and i-line (365 nm) photoresists that are currently used in the market. According to its composition, it is divided into novolak-diazonaphthoquinone(DNQ) photoresist, chemically amplified photoresist, molecular glass photoresist and other types to be summarized separately. Details of the novolak-DNQ photoresist are reported. The exposure mechanism and the effects of photosensitizers and additives on the performance of photoresist are also described. It is expected to provide information and reference for the development of g-line and i-line photoresists.
Cited: CSCD(2)
Research Progress in Regulation Strategy of Transition Metal Phosphate Catalyst for Electrochemical Water Splitting
Ying-Hua GUO, Shun-Fa ZHOU, Jing LI, Wei-Wei CAI
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2023, 40 (8): 1094-1108.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230108
Abstract564)   HTML17)    PDF (4218KB)(8367)      

Transition metal phosphate has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of electrolytic water because of its advantages of safety, cleanliness, low cost and high efficiency. Phosphate groups in phosphate have unique atomic geometric structure, strong coordination and various orientations, which are beneficial to stabilize the middle valence state of transition metals and accelerate proton conduction rate. However, its poor conductivity and low porosity have prompted researchers to explore and design more efficient transition metal phosphate electrocatalysts. Although researchers have invested a lot of time and energy, there are still many problems to be solved in the efficient development and utilization of transition metal phosphate electrocatalysts. In this paper, combined with the latest research progress of transition metal phosphate electrocatalysts, the development and design strategies of phosphate by researchers in recent years are introduced from the aspects of morphology control, defect engineering and interface engineering. At the same time, the opportunities and challenges faced by this kind of catalyst in the future material field are discussed from the aspects of scientific research and practical application.

Progress in Iron, Cobalt and Nickel-Based Metal Phosphide Nano-catalysts for Hydrogen Production under Alkaline Conditions
MENG Yang, YANG Chan, PENG Juan
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2020, 37 (7): 733-745.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2020.07.200058
Abstract1337)      PDF (1310KB)(8308)      
Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have been widely recognized as favorable electrocatalytic materials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to their high conductivity and good stability. In this review, we highlight the progress on the synthesis and characterization of Ni, Co and Fe based phosphides nanomaterials, as well as the HER activities of TMPs in alkaline solutions. The TMPs show low overpotential at a specific current density and have good stability, indicating that more phosphorus-rich phases exhibit higher HER activities within certain limits, which provides a direction for our future research.
Cited: CSCD(2)
Preparation of New Stainless Steel Substrate Lead Dioxide-Tungsten Carbide Composite Inert Anode Material
LIAO Denghui1, CHEN Zhen1*, GUO Zhongcheng1, LU Lifang1
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2012.20065
Ferrates:Green Oxidants and Coagulants in Water Treatment
WANG Dongsheng,LI Wentao,YANG Xiaofang,AN Guangyu
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2016, 33 (11): 1221-1233.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2016.11.160337
Abstract1483)   HTML11)    PDF (1037KB)(7564)      

The rise of emerging contaminants and microorganisms causes the complexity of drinking water quality and brings a gap between peoples demand and water treatment efficiency using conventional treatment reagents and techniques. Ferrate is an effective and multi-functional green water purification material, which shows both good oxidation and coagulation ability without secondary pollution. This paper reviews the removal mechanism of contaminants including heavy metal ions, emerging contaminants and microorganisms by ferrate. At present, the investigation of ferrates oxidation and coagulation cooperative effect is insufficient and the application of ferrates in water treatment has not been fully developed. Therefore, the oxidation and coagulation cooperative effect of ferrates is emphatically discussed to direct the application of ferrates in water treatment. Finally, the prospect of application of ferrates in water treatment is commented.

Cited: CSCD(4)
Progress on Microstructural Optimization and Controllable Preparation Technology for Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes
WU Xiangkun,ZHAN Qiushe,ZHANG Lan,ZHANG Suojiang
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2018, 35 (9): 1076-1092.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.09.180165
Abstract2345)   HTML35)    PDF (2889KB)(7368)      

Lithium-ion batteries are the most widely used energy storage device, and currently, the rapid development of economy has put forward higher requirements on their performances. Electrode microstructure has significant influence on the battery performance, therefore, elaborate microstructure design and controllable preparation thereof is becoming one of the hot topics in this field. In this paper, according to the latest development trend of lithium ion batteries, the basic electrochemical process and the microstructural characterization technology of the lithium ion battery electrode are enumerated. Then the design and optimization of the electrode in recent years are summarized, and the key microstructural features are discussed. Based on an ideal electrode structure, the latest development in controllable electrode preparation technology is reviewed.

Cited: CSCD(1)
Application and Development of Novel Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials in Electrochemistry
GAO Lifang,SONG Zhongqian,SUN Zhonghui,LI Fenghua,HAN Dongxue,NIU Li
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2018, 35 (3): 247-258.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.03.170447
Abstract2290)   HTML20)    PDF (2616KB)(7236)      

Two-dimensional nanomaterials, typically represented by graphene, have shown great application potential in various branches of electrochemistry with their unique structures and excellent electronic properties. This paper reviewed the current research development of novel two-dimensional nanomaterials in various fields of electrochemistry such as energy storage, energy conversion and electrochemical sensing. Some of the existing problems were summarized, and the development tendency of two-dimensional nanomaterials were also prospected.

Cited: CSCD(5)
Recent Advance of Affinitive Biosensors in Biomedical Applications
LIU Chuanyin1,2, HU Jiming2*
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2011, 28 (06): 611-623.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2011.00455
Abstract2896)      PDF (2522KB)(7145)      

Biosensors have received vigorous development and serious concern in recent years owing to the combinations with nanotechniques, flow-injection and micro-fluidics devices. Affinitive biosensor is a kind of high-tech sensing device based on the specific affinity between biological molecules, and the affinity of bioactive substance and substrate. With the advantages of high specificity, good sensitivity, high speed, low cost, on-line measuring and monitoring in complicated system, affinitive biosensors are widely used in biomedical fields, such as the detection of biomedical markers, nucleic acids, proteins, viruses, bacteria and toxins, the research of medicine actions mechanism, clinical drug screening, and etc. In this paper, the recent advance of affinitive biosensors in biomedical applications are reviewed. We also focus on a growing number of applications and progress in immunosensors and aptamer-based biosensors for tumor biomarker, nucleic acids and proteins. It covers the basic principles and biomedical and clinical applications of immunosensors and aptamerbased biosensors,and indicates the future prospects in this field.

Cited: CSCD(3)
Synthesis and Application Progress of Organic Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardants
LI Nana,JIANG Guowei,ZHOU Guangyuan,JIANG Zhenhua,WANG Huawei
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2016, 33 (6): 611-623.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2016.06.150299
Abstract2079)   HTML105)    PDF (774KB)(7144)      

Organic phosphorus-containing flame retardants have good characteristics, such as high efficiency, low toxicity, no pollution and smokeless. To date, research of synthesis and application in this field attracts a lot of attention. This paper reviewed recent developments, current status and potential future trends of organic phosphorus-containing flame retardants. The classification and mechanism of organic phosphorus-containing flame retardants were also introduced. The development and problems in the application were outlined considering the aspects of organic phosphorus-containing fire retardants.

Cited: CSCD(19)
Research Progress on the Characteristics of Rare Earth Ions and Rare Earth Functional Materials
HU Jiale, XUE Dongfeng
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2020, 37 (3): 245-255.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2020.03.190350
Abstract1507)   HTML48)    PDF (2637KB)(7098)      

Rare earth elements are a series of 17 elements including scandium, yttrium and lanthanide. They not only have physical and chemical similarities in nature, but also have their own unique and diverse electronic structures. From the chemical level, the characteristics of rare earth ions determine the nature of high-tech applications, such as rare earth permanent magnet, magnetic cooling, superconductivity, pyroelectricity, optical refrigeration, nonlinear optics, catalysis, etc. Rare earth functional materials are the basis for the application of these technologies. In terms of the requirements of scientific and technological development, the research and development of rare earth functional materials is the most important way to achieve high-quality development of rare earth resources. In this paper, based on the characteristics of rare earth ions, the orbital hybrid model is used to construct the basic relationship between rare earth ions and rare earth functional materials. The research progress of rare earth ions in composition design and performance optimization of rare earth functional materials in different application fields in recent years is summarized.

Cited: CSCD(6)
Analysis of Structure and Imidization of Poly(amic acid) Using FTIR Spectroscopy
JIN Ying, ZENG Guangfu, ZHU Danyang, HUANG Yan, SU Zhaohui*
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2011, 28 (03): 258-262.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2011.00332
Abstract4445)      PDF (346KB)(7090)      

We monitored the imidization process of poly(amic acid) synthesized from pyromellitic dianhidride and 4,4′-oxydianiline, and analyzed the IR bands of the poly(amic acid) and the polyimide after thermal imidization using variable temperature FTIR spectroscopy in transmission mode. We investigated peak assignments of the poly(amic acid) and the polyimide and found —COO- and —NH+2 in the system. The C=O symmetrical and asymmetrical stretching vibrations in —COO- locate at 1607 and 1406 cm-1 respectively, NH+2 stretching vibration locate at 3200, 3133, 2938, 2880, 2820, 2610 cm-1. According to the identified IR absorption peaks of —COO- and —NH+2, we proposed the mechanism of the imidization process of poly(amic acid) that during the imidization H+ from COOH of the poly(amic acid) can move to NH of the poly(amic acid) and form —COO- and NH+2, then the intermediate cyclodehydrates to polyimide at last.

Cited: CSCD(13)
Research Progress of Preparation of Nitrogen-doped Graphene and Its Application in Chemical Energy Storage
SU Xiangxiang,YANG Rong,LI Lan,LI Runqiu,WANG Liqing,LEI Ying
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2018, 35 (2): 137-146.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.02.170036
Abstract1598)   HTML14)    PDF (953KB)(7006)      

The unique two-dimensional spatial structure gives graphene excellent chemical and physical properties and huge specific surface area, which makes graphene a very promising material for energy storage applications and a research hotspot recently. Irreversible agglomeration, smooth surface and inertness result in the dramatic reduction of the available active surface of graphene, which limits its blending with other materials. In recent years, doping graphene with nitrogen reforms its electronic structure and increases surface active sites, promoting its electrochemical performance in the field of energy storage. This paper reviews the current status of nitrogen-doped graphene synthesis and recent progress in the use of nitrogen-doped graphene in chemical energy storage, including supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries, Li-air batteries and Li-S batteries. Finally, key issues related to preparations and applications of nitrogen-doped graphene are briefly discussed as well, and the development prospect of nitrogen-doped graphene is prospected as well.

Cited: CSCD(5)
Artificial Carbon Sequestration Technology—Research Progress on the Catalysts for Thermal Catalytic Reduction of CO 2
Xue-Ting WU, Yang YU, Shu-Yan SONG, Hong-Jie ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2022, 39 (4): 599-615.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210451
Abstract1676)   HTML83)    PDF (5341KB)(7005)      

Selective hydrogenation has very important applications in the chemical industry such as synthesis of functional materials and purification of chemical products. In recent years, in order to reduce the impact of the greenhouse effect, the selective hydrogenation of CO2 into other valuable chemicals has become a research hotspot. Among them, the thermal catalysis is widely used, easy to obtain a variety of target products and high yield of products. At present, the heterogeneous thermal catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to produce methane, methanol, light olefins and other high-value fuels and chemicals has made some progresses, but their development is still challenging. The preparation of high-efficiency catalysts is one of the keys. For a long time, researchers have been committed to solving the problem of catalyst activity and selectivity, and modifying the catalysts by doping with additives and adding functional carriers. In response to these problems, this article briefly introduces the background of the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 and reviews the catalysts used in the heterogeneous thermal catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 into methane, methanol and light olefin products in recent five years. It is expected to provide a reference for the development of new catalysts in the heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of CO2.

Synthesis and Properties of Polymer Containing 1,3,4-Oxadiazole and Azobenzene Units
LI Cong, YU Shi-Jun*, ZHANG Yue, WANG Lu, FENG Chun-Liang, JIN Qi-Feng
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2010, 27 (10): 1138-1143.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2010.90835
Abstract4394)      PDF (411KB)(6955)      

A novel conjugated polymer containing azobenzene and 1,3,4-oxadiazole units(LPOXD) was synthesized. The structure of the LPOXD was charactered by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, GPC, TGA and DSC. The results indicate that the intrinsic viscosity of the LPOXD is 0.02960 L/g, and its Mw and molecular mass distribution or polydispersity index(PDI) values are 8500 g/mol and 1.55, respectively. A 5% mass loss of the LPOXD occurred at 290 ℃. The glass-transition temperature(Tg) is 92.8 ℃. The introduction of long side chain of alkoxy significantly improved LPOXD′s solubility in common organic solvents such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and so on. Furthermore, the optical and electrochemical properties of the LPOXD were investigated throughly by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The results indicate that the azobenzene in the LPOXD involve a trans-cis photoisomerization under the radiation of 365 nm UV light. A wide fluorescence peak of the LPOXD appeared in the wavelength range of blue and purple light under excitaion at 350 nm. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that the LUMO and HOMO energies of the LPOXD are -5.96 eV and -3.17 eV, respectively.

Cited: Baidu(9) CSCD(2)
Progress in Preparation of Carbon Quantum Dots and Its Application in the Fields of Energy and Environment
FU Peng,ZHOU Lihua,TANG Lianfeng,CAI Xixi,YUAN Yong
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2016, 33 (7): 742-755.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2016.07.150393
Abstract2564)   HTML26)    PDF (690KB)(6795)      

Carbon quantum dots(CQDs) as a new member of the family of carbon nanomaterials, have excellent fluorescence properties, biocompatibility and weak cytotoxicity, and have attracted wide interests of scientists. In this paper, the preparation methods of CQDs were introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods and their effect on the composition, structure and properties of CQDs were discussed. In view of optical and electrochemical properties of CQDs, the application of CQDs in the field of energy and environment was summarized. In addition, some challenges in the process of CQDs research were analyzed. Several recommendations and opinions were provided for the further research in CQDs, which will provide important reference for the development of CQDs applications.

Cited: CSCD(8)
Improvement of the Oxidation Process in the Synthesis of 2,6-Diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide
ZHAO Xuejing, ZHU Jie, LU Ming*
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2013.30043
Application of Porphyrin-Based Framework Materials on Photocatalysis
WANG Yuting,YANG Tianyi,ZHANG Yinghui
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2020, 37 (6): 611-619.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2020.06.190336
Abstract1628)   HTML33)    PDF (1753KB)(6656)      

Porphyrins have been widely used to construct new photocatalytic and photosensitizing materials because of their strong absorption of visible light. The photophysical and photochemical properties of porphyrin units could be easily modulated in frameworks materials, with the aid of the large surface area and tunable pore structure of the frameworks, leading to an improved photocatalytic quantum yield and selectivity. In this review, the recent advances of porphyrin-based frameworks materials, including metal organic framework materials (MOFs) and covalent organic framework materials (COFs) as well as covalent organic polymers (COPs) have been briefly summarized in the field of photocatalysis. Moreover, the key problems faced by designing high-performance porphyrin-based photocatalysts were analyzed in order to give some advice for the future development.

Critical Micelle Concentration Determination of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate by Synchronous
Fluorescence Spectrometry
ZHANG Jian, QIU Yu, YU Dao-Yong*
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2009, 26 (12): 1480-1483.  
Abstract3850)      PDF (248KB)(6347)      

The critical micelle concentration of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, which is a typical anion surfactant, was respectively determined by surface tension, electrical conductivity, UVVis absorption spectral and synchronous fluorescence spectral methods. Results show that synchronous fluorescence spectral method is characterized by less sample volume, high sensitivity, and high accuracy. The first and the second critical micelle concentrations were determined by the synchronous fluorescence spectral method to be 1.48 and 6.90 mmol/L respectively, which are well consistent with those data from the traditional surface tension and electrical conductivity methods, thus, verifying the reliability of synchronous fluorescence spectrometry to measure the critical micelle concentrations of surfactants.

Cited: CSCD(10)
Progress on Application of Ion Exchange Resins in Catalytic Organic Reaction
LI Ya'nan, HE Wenjun, YU Fengping, CHEN Liangfeng, GE Junwei
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2015, 32 (12): 1343-1357.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2015.12.150158
Abstract2540)   HTML35)    PDF (1080KB)(6317)      

The use of ion exchange resins as catalysts in organic synthesis, such as esterification, alkylation, etherification, aldolization, isomerization and epoxidation was reviewed. Compared with inorganic catalysts, the ion exchange resin catalysts show excellent catalytic performance and readily recyclability. This article encompasses the progress made in current research and the application of ion exchange resins as catalyst is also summarized.

Cited: CSCD(6)
Immobilization of Functionalized Ionic Liquid on Silica and Its Application in Hydroxymethylfurfural Synthesis
SHAN Yu-Hua*, DENG Dun-Hui, LIN Fu-Rong, LU Mei-Hong, LI Ming-Shi
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2009, 26 (12): 1428-1434.  
Abstract2836)      PDF (450KB)(6216)      

the sulfonic group functionalized ionic liquid--1-H-3-(3-sulfonic acid)propylimidazolium chloride was immobilized on micro-ball silica-gel using 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane as coupling agent to obtain the silica-gel immobilized ionic liquid(IL3). The IL3 was characterized by SEM, FTIR, TG, 13C-NMR, BET, and titration its surface acidity. Its catalytic performance in the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from fructose dehydration was investigated. The results indicate that 1-H-3-(3-sulfonic acid)propylimidazolium chloride could be immobilized on micro-ball silica-gel surface, and the IL3 was a good catalyst for the HMF synthesis from fructose dehydration. The yield of HMF is up to 82.1%, using 45.4-IL3 as the catalyst, with ethylene glycol monomethyl ether(EGME) as solvent at 115℃ over 5h. The used IL3 could be reused conveniently. But the yield of HMF dropped gradually with the more times of the IL3 recycled. After the IL3 reused four times, the yield of HMF decreased from 82.1% to 53.0%.

Research Progress on Synthesis of Coal-based Carbon Quantum Dots
BO Chun-Hui, JIANG Wei-Jia, WANG Yu-Gao, SHI Li-Hong, DONG Chuan
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2021, 38 (7): 767-788.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.200343
Abstract1196)      PDF (5052KB)(6201)      
A variety of nanomaterials have been discovered with the emergence and development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Carbon quantum dots (CQDS) attract the attention of many researchers because of their unique and excellent properties. Carbon sources have an important impact on the synthesis and properties of carbon quantum dots. Coal and coal derivatives are rich in aromatic ring structures and suitable for the preparation of carbon quantum dots in the view of microstructures. In this paper, the research progress of the synthesis of carbon quantum dots from coal (called coal based carbon quantum dots) and its derivatives by chemical oxidation, ultrasonic and electrochemical oxidation is reviewed. The advantages of coal and its derivatives as raw materials are described, the characteristics of different preparation methods are compared and analyzed, and the properties of coal based carbon quantum dots are briefly introduced. Finally, the prospects of controllable preparation of coal based carbon quantum dots are proposed.
Surface‑Coordinated Metal‑Organic Framework Thin Film HKUST‑1 for Optoelectronic Applications
Xue-Xian YANG, Jian ZHANG, Zhi-Gang GU
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2022, 39 (7): 1013-1025.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210310
Abstract1380)   HTML38)    PDF (8081KB)(6194)      

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a kind of inorganic-organic hybrid materials have potential applications in many fields due to their diverse structures and unique functionalities. In particular, liquid phase epitaxial layered MOFs films (called SURMOFs films, SURMOFs) have attracted much attention due to their controllable thickness, optimal growth orientation and uniform surface. This article summarizes the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) layers of assembly MOFs thin film technology and methods, such as layer-by-layer (LBL) dipping method, LBL pump method, layer spray method and LBL spin coating method. The article also introduces the classical SURMOF layers of HKUST-1 assembly strategy and its related applications in photoluminescence, photochromic, photocatalytic and electrocatalysis. As one of the classical MOF materials, HKUST-1 has a wide range of applications in photoelectric field, and it has the unique properties: it can be used as a luminous carrier to achieve good optical properties; it has the advantage of unique Cu catalytic active site and can effectively degrade pollutants; it has potential applications in electronic devices because of its dielectric properties. Since SURMOF HKUST-1 has unique properties in many fields, it also faces some challenges: it needs to simplify the process of film synthesis; the structure of thin films and the mechanism of electrocatalysis also need further study; methods for reducing HKUST-1 internal resistance which can increase the conductivity also need to be improved. SURMOFs still has a long way to go for large-scale industrial applications and expansion to other unexplored areas.

Recent Advances in Direct Oxidation of Methane to Methanol
Ke WANG, Xiao WANG, Shu-Yan SONG
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2022, 39 (4): 540-558.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210461
Abstract2250)   HTML87)    PDF (5438KB)(6158)      

The methods for synthesizing methanol from methane include indirect method and direct catalytic oxidation method, but the indirect method requires high equipment, and the methane conversion rate and methanol selectivity are not ideal. Direct catalytic oxidation method (DMTM) can produce methanol with high selectivity through a one-step reaction, and has huge application potential. For DMTM, the homogeneous catalytic system usually requires a special reaction medium combined with a precious metal catalyst. Although the reaction efficiency is high, it is corrosive to the reaction equipment, the product is not easy to separate, and the application prospect is poor. Liquid phase-heterogeneous catalysis generally uses H2O2 as the oxidant, Au, Pd, Fe, Cu and other metal elements as the main active component of the catalyst, and·OH is the main oxidation active substance, which can be used at low temperature to realize the activation and oxidation of methane. Therefore, heterogeneous catalytic systems are currently the mainstream of research. Gas phase-heterogeneous catalysis mainly uses O2 and N2O as oxidants. The former is more active, and the latter is more selective for products. In addition, H2O in anaerobic systems can also be directly used as oxygen donors, commonly Cu, Fe, Rh, etc. elements are used as catalysts. Zeolite molecular sieves are the most widely used support, and metal oxides, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and graphene are also involved. Multi-metal synergistic catalysis has achieved good results. This article mainly summarizes the research on the direct catalytic oxidation of thermally catalyzed methane to methanol in recent years, and prospects for future research directions.

Liquid⁃like Dynamic Interfacial Materials: Recent Progress on Their Applications
FAN Yue, TIAN Xue-Lin
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2022, 39 (1): 131-141.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210490
Abstract1257)   HTML42)    PDF (6971KB)(5955)      

Liquid-like dynamic interface materials, as a sort of emerging liquid-repellent interface materials, have attracted extensive attention due to the advantages of stable exclusion and low hysteresis when liquids with widespread surface tension moving on the surface. The main preparation strategy for liquid-like dynamic interface materials, is to graft a class of flexible polymer brush with low glass transition temperature on the surface. As these molecular chains are free to rotate and move, liquids on the surface exhibit low hysteresis, low adhesion, and high slip possibility. These performances are crucial when practical applications are in consideration. First, micro-nano rough structures are not necessary for liquid-like coatings. Second, there is no lubricant consumption since the nano-scale slippery coating is covalently bonded on the surface. Third, omniphobicity for liquids with widespread surface tension is shown on liquid-like surface. Hence, liquid-like dynamic interface materials have shown broad application prospects. Studies on liquid-like surface range from traditional hydrophobic and oleophobic applications to industrial scenarios such as microscopically lossless liquid transport, condensation heat transfer, anti-scaling, anti-icing and high-performance membrane separation. This paper reviews the recent research progress with emphasis on the emerging applications of liquid-like dynamic interface materials, and their prospects are given.

Progress in Chemical Modification and Application of Lignin
Xing-Quan XIONG, Hui ZHANG, Li-Zhu GAO
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2023, 40 (6): 806-819.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220363
Abstract2009)   HTML99)    PDF (2334KB)(5954)      

Lignin is one of the most abundant and significant natural polymeric materials in the world, and its position is only second to cellulose. In woody plants, lignin content accounts for about 25%. Due to its chemical inertness and structural complexity, the application of lignin is very limited. Therefore, the chemical modification of lignin is the key method to transform lignin into functional materials, which is of great significance for the sustainable development of resources and environment. In this review, the research progress on the development of chemical modification of lignin and its applications, including wastewater treatment, heterogeneous catalysis and other aspects, are summarized. Furthermore, discussions on challenges and perspectives in the field of lignin modification are also presented.

Recent Progress in DNA origami
FU Yan-Ming1,3, ZHANG Zhao2, LI Can2, SHI Yong-Yong, YAN Xiu-Feng, FAN Chun-Hai
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2010, 27 (02): 125-131.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2010.90384
Abstract2177)      PDF (1508KB)(5945)      

DNA origami is a new DNA self-assembly method raised recently, and it is a major innovation in the field of DNA nanotechnology and self-assembly. Compared to the traditional DNA self-assembly, DNA origami uses a long single-stranded genomic DNA with a series of short complementary single-strands DNA, and it can construct more complex and more controllable nanopatterns or structures, with a wide range of potential applications in the emerging field of nanotechnology. In this paper, we briefly introduced the principles of DNA origami, then reviewed the origin and development of DNA origami and its potential applications in the field of DNA chip, nanocomponents and nanomaterials. At the end we discussed the future directions of development.

Cited: CSCD(1)
Research Progress on Responsive Hydrogels and Their Applications in Biomedicines
TANG Li-Zong, ZHANG Lin, DONG Yun-Sheng, QI Chun-Xiao, LIU Xiang-Sheng, WANG Shu-Fang
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2021, 38 (7): 743-753.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.200364
Abstract1391)      PDF (2116KB)(5735)      
Responsive hydrogels, also known as “smart hydrogels”, can be modified in different ways to respond to physical and chemical stimuli and microenvironment changes. Nowadays, responsive hydrogels have been widely used in biomedical fields, such as pH responsive hydrogel loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) for cancer treatment, temperature responsive hydrogels made from 3D printing for wound healing, glucose responsive hydrogels for diabetes treatment, etc. In this paper, we introduce the current research of responsive hydrogel, including the preparation and modification methods, applications in biomedicine and the future directions.
Cited: CSCD(1)
Recent Progress in Oxidative Bromination of Organic Compounds
JU Jie, GAO Jian-Rong, LI Yu-Jin*
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2010, 27 (06): 621-625.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2010.90424
Abstract2514)      PDF (327KB)(5667)      

The research progress on oxidative bromination reactions of compounds with functional groups including α-carbonyl hydrogen, the ring of arene, alkene double bond, the side chain of arene and alkanes is reviewed. The main oxidation of bromide system is Br-/H2O2 and Br-/BrO-3. The different conditions of reaction are discussed in detail. The perspective on this research field is also suggested.

Cited: CSCD(2)
Progress in Supercapacitors Based on Carbon Nanotubes
ZHANG Renyi, ZHANG Xiaoyan, FAN Huajun, HE Pingang*, FANG Yuzhi
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2011, 28 (05): 489-499.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2011.00481
Abstract2959)      PDF (1515KB)(5659)      

This paper summarized the progress of supercapacitors electrode materials based on carbon nanotubes and their composites. The capacitor′s characteristics will be effectively improved when carbon nanotubes are modified or the carbon nanotubes composite with other materials. The article focuses on the recent development of the supercapacitor electrode materials using carbon nanotubes with the techniques of modification, activation, and dispersion, as well as nanotubes-transition metal oxide composites, carbon nanotubes-conductive polymer composites, and carbon nanotubes-graphene composites.

Cited: CSCD(9)
Research Progress of Olefin Polymerization Catalysts
Di XU, Li DAI, Wen-Zhi YAO, Guang-Rui YANG, Hai-Rong WANG, Peng-Fei SONG, Yan-Song ZHU
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2022, 39 (3): 355-373.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210170
Abstract1732)   HTML54)    PDF (3605KB)(5659)      

It is a constant pursuit of chemists to get high-performance polyolefin materials. The structure of the olefin polymerization catalyst plays a crucial role on its catalytic performance. Meanwhile, the defects in polyolefin applications highly depend on their structure modifications, e.g. the toughness of polymer can be increased, the friction coefficient of polymer surface can be reduced or the surface energy can be increased by modification. This review summarizes the research progress of metal olefin polymerization catalysts, including Ziegler-Natta catalysts, metallocene catalysts, non-metallocene catalysts and control strategies. The effects of steric hindrance, bimetallic synergism and fluorine effect of these catalysts are discussed.

Cited: CSCD(3)