We present a brief review of recent progress in materials chemistry based on graphene, including the preparation and surface modification of graphene and graphene-based composites. The composites consisted of graphene and polymers, inorganic particles and other carbonaceous materials are described principally. In addition, the prospective applications of these graphenebased materials have also been briefly introduced.

Sevoflurane was synthesized from 1,1,13,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(chloromethoxy)-propane by halogen-exchange in the presence of an ionic liquid as the solvent and a fluorinating agent . Mechanism of the phase transfer catalysis was discussed. The effects of [bpy]BF4, [bmim]BF4, [bepy]BF4 and [bmim]PF6 on the yield were investigated. The ionic liquidwater system and high surface area could not only induce KF to enter into the ionic liquid to produce high active F- but also reduce the formation of byproducts. The yield was 94.6％. The ionic liquid could be reused for three times without noticeable loss of activity.

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are a new class of hybrid porous crystalline materials constructed from metal-oxygen clusters with organic linkers, creating three dimensional ordered frameworks. As porous materials, MOFs usually possess very high surface area. The framework topologies and pore size of MOFs can be designed via choosing various metal centers and organic linkers, their chemical properties can be modified by chemical functionalization of linkers and post modification. These unique characteristics make MOFs one of the research hot spots in the fields of chemistry and materials, and they have shown potential applications in various research areas. But there is a crucial weakness which hinders the development of MOFs, namely, the low stability. However, zirconium-terephthalate-based MOF UiO-66 has remarkable hydrothermal stability, the framework is claimed to be stable up to 500 ℃, and it is also highly resistant to many solvents. UiO-66 has gained great attention since the outstanding qualities. In this review, details of the synthesis modulation and functionalization of UiO-66 are presented. In addition, the research actuality and prospective of UiO-66 in the fields of adsorption, catalysis, etc. are also discussed.

Catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO₂) to value-added hydrocarbons is of great environmental and social importance, which can not only reduce CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere, but also conform with sustainable development strategy. This paper reviews the progress in catalytic conversion of CO₂ to C₂+ hydrocarbons over Fe-based catalyst. Reaction pathway and mechanism, catalyst preparation and reactor design are emphatically introduced. In addition, the future of hydrocarbons synthesis via CO₂ hydrogenation is also summarized.

Biosensors have received vigorous development and serious concern in recent years owing to the combinations with nanotechniques, flow-injection and micro-fluidics devices. Affinitive biosensor is a kind of high-tech sensing device based on the specific affinity between biological molecules, and the affinity of bioactive substance and substrate. With the advantages of high specificity, good sensitivity, high speed, low cost, on-line measuring and monitoring in complicated system, affinitive biosensors are widely used in biomedical fields, such as the detection of biomedical markers, nucleic acids, proteins, viruses, bacteria and toxins, the research of medicine actions mechanism, clinical drug screening, and etc. In this paper, the recent advance of affinitive biosensors in biomedical applications are reviewed. We also focus on a growing number of applications and progress in immunosensors and aptamer-based biosensors for tumor biomarker, nucleic acids and proteins. It covers the basic principles and biomedical and clinical applications of immunosensors and aptamerbased biosensors，and indicates the future prospects in this field.

A novel conjugated polymer containing azobenzene and 1,3,4-oxadiazole units(LPOXD) was synthesized. The structure of the LPOXD was charactered by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, GPC, TGA and DSC. The results indicate that the intrinsic viscosity of the LPOXD is 0.02960 L/g, and its Mw and molecular mass distribution or polydispersity index(PDI) values are 8500 g/mol and 1.55, respectively. A 5% mass loss of the LPOXD occurred at 290 ℃. The glass-transition temperature(Tg) is 92.8 ℃. The introduction of long side chain of alkoxy significantly improved LPOXD′s solubility in common organic solvents such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and so on. Furthermore, the optical and electrochemical properties of the LPOXD were investigated throughly by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The results indicate that the azobenzene in the LPOXD involve a trans-cis photoisomerization under the radiation of 365 nm UV light. A wide fluorescence peak of the LPOXD appeared in the wavelength range of blue and purple light under excitaion at 350 nm. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that the LUMO and HOMO energies of the LPOXD are -5.96 eV and -3.17 eV, respectively.

We monitored the imidization process of poly(amic acid) synthesized from pyromellitic dianhidride and 4,4′-oxydianiline, and analyzed the IR bands of the poly(amic acid) and the polyimide after thermal imidization using variable temperature FTIR spectroscopy in transmission mode. We investigated peak assignments of the poly(amic acid) and the polyimide and found —COO- and —NH+2 in the system. The C=O symmetrical and asymmetrical stretching vibrations in —COO- locate at 1607 and 1406 cm-1 respectively, NH+2 stretching vibration locate at 3200, 3133, 2938, 2880, 2820, 2610 cm-1. According to the identified IR absorption peaks of —COO- and —NH+2, we proposed the mechanism of the imidization process of poly(amic acid) that during the imidization H+ from COOH of the poly(amic acid) can move to NH of the poly(amic acid) and form —COO- and NH+2, then the intermediate cyclodehydrates to polyimide at last.

Organic phosphorus-containing flame retardants have good characteristics, such as high efficiency, low toxicity, no pollution and smokeless. To date, research of synthesis and application in this field attracts a lot of attention. This paper reviewed recent developments, current status and potential future trends of organic phosphorus-containing flame retardants. The classification and mechanism of organic phosphorus-containing flame retardants were also introduced. The development and problems in the application were outlined considering the aspects of organic phosphorus-containing fire retardants.

DNA origami is a new DNA self-assembly method raised recently, and it is a major innovation in the field of DNA nanotechnology and self-assembly. Compared to the traditional DNA self-assembly, DNA origami uses a long single-stranded genomic DNA with a series of short complementary single-strands DNA, and it can construct more complex and more controllable nanopatterns or structures, with a wide range of potential applications in the emerging field of nanotechnology. In this paper, we briefly introduced the principles of DNA origami, then reviewed the origin and development of DNA origami and its potential applications in the field of DNA chip, nanocomponents and nanomaterials. At the end we discussed the future directions of development.

This paper summarized the progress of supercapacitors electrode materials based on carbon nanotubes and their composites. The capacitor′s characteristics will be effectively improved when carbon nanotubes are modified or the carbon nanotubes composite with other materials. The article focuses on the recent development of the supercapacitor electrode materials using carbon nanotubes with the techniques of modification, activation, and dispersion, as well as nanotubes-transition metal oxide composites, carbon nanotubes-conductive polymer composites, and carbon nanotubes-graphene composites.

The research progress on oxidative bromination reactions of compounds with functional groups including α-carbonyl hydrogen, the ring of arene, alkene double bond, the side chain of arene and alkanes is reviewed. The main oxidation of bromide system is Br^-/H₂O₂ and Br^-/BrO^-3. The different conditions of reaction are discussed in detail. The perspective on this research field is also suggested.

The critical micelle concentration of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, which is a typical anion surfactant, was respectively determined by surface tension, electrical conductivity, UVVis absorption spectral and synchronous fluorescence spectral methods. Results show that synchronous fluorescence spectral method is characterized by less sample volume, high sensitivity, and high accuracy. The first and the second critical micelle concentrations were determined by the synchronous fluorescence spectral method to be 1.48 and 6.90 mmol/L respectively, which are well consistent with those data from the traditional surface tension and electrical conductivity methods, thus, verifying the reliability of synchronous fluorescence spectrometry to measure the critical micelle concentrations of surfactants.

Compared with single lithium or sodium， lithium-sodium alloy has better performance. In-situ electrochemical preparation of lithium sodium alloy is successfully achieved in button battery which is charged and discharged under gradient current density by using sodium metal as the positive electrode， lithium metal as the negative electrode， and LiPF₆， NaClO₄ or lithium sodium mixed ion electrolyte as the electrolyte. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of lithium and sodium double electrochemically active ions， the lithium-sodium mixed ion capacitors with different lithium contents as negative electrodes show good electrochemical performance. In particular， with lithium sodium alloy with high lithium content as the negative electrode and NaClO₄ electrolyte added， Carbon derived from sodium citrate （Sodium citrate derived carbon， SCDC-activated） maintains the high specific capacity of 238 mA·h/g and the capacity retention rate of 99% at the current density of 1 A/g for 300 cycles. With the addition of lithium-sodium mixed ion electrolyte， SCDC-activated exhibits the specific capacity of 319 mA·h/g， and it can retain 93 mA·h/g and 98% capacity retention rate after 1040 cycles.

In recent years, photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) has been rapidly developed under the demand of high-tech fields such as advanced packaging technology, microelectromechanical systems, and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. The progress of PSPI has attracted widespread attention in terms of basic research, application, and industrialization. Photosensitive polyimide shows an increasingly prominent importance as a practical self-patternable film. This paper reviews the recent research progress in the structural design, photochemical reaction and light-sensitive properties of positive and negative photosensitive polyimides, briefly introduces the application in the field of the integrated circuits, microelectromechanical systems and OLED displays, and finally gives an outlook on the development of photosensitive polyimides in research and applications.

In recent years, significant developments in direct formic acid fuel cell(DFAFC) have been made. It was reported that the largest energy density of DFAFC with Pd as anodic catalyst is 0.25 W/cm², which is close to that of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) with hydrogen as fuel and indicates the excellent development prospects of DFAFC. This review summarized the research development in DFAFC, the mechanism of the oxidation of formic acid, the underlined reason and mechanism of the increase in the performance of Pd based composite catalysts, the main problems of DFAFC and described its development prospects.

The use of ion exchange resins as catalysts in organic synthesis, such as esterification, alkylation, etherification, aldolization, isomerization and epoxidation was reviewed. Compared with inorganic catalysts, the ion exchange resin catalysts show excellent catalytic performance and readily recyclability. This article encompasses the progress made in current research and the application of ion exchange resins as catalyst is also summarized.

Thermosetting polyimide resins exhibit the best high temperature performance among all matrix resins. Therefore, composites based on thermosetting polyimides have been widely used in modern industry, particularly in the aerospace industry. Herein, the research progress on thermosetting polyimides was reviewed, and some insights were also provided regarding the research trends and outlooks in this field.

With increasing applications of immune assay, the synthesis of artificial antigen with good stability and immunogenic is the key and premise to prepare the antibody and to establish the method for small molecule immune assay. The progress of synthesis and design method of hapten, carrier selection and the couple method of hapten with carrier are reviewed in this paper. In addition, some questions of the synthesis of small molecule artificial antigen were also discussed.

One linear and one macrocyclic tetrapepitides(4 and 5) with Fmoc were synthesized by two ways of Trt protection group cleavage in the preparation of symmetrical tetrapepitides using cysteine-modified cyclo(L-Lys-L-Lys) diketopi-perazines. Both tetrapepitides show excellent capability to gelate a number of organic solvents to give thermo-reversible organogels. The self-assembled fibrillar networks in the organogels were distinctly observed by SEM. Interestingly, two organogelators could selectively gelate common chlorinated organic solvents from their mixture with water, even at a concentration as low as 0.1%(volume fraction). Moreover, the xerogel obtained from the organogel of compound 4 in chloroform can high efficiently adsorb various tested dyes from aqueous solutions due to the larger specific surface area of 3D xerogel network showing a micro- and nano-sized structure and the π-π interaction between dye molecules and Fmoc protection groups. The absorption capacity of the xerogel for those dyes increases with the temperature.

硼氢化钠在有机合成中的研究进展

In this paper, we mainly discussed the involved mechanism in single electron transfer living radical polymerization. The types of catalysts, ligands, solvents as well as monomers suitable for such kinds of polymerizations have been also addressed in detail. In addition, the perspectives of this single electron transfer living radical polymerization was highlighted.

Perfluoroalkyoxy-substituted cyclohexene oxides(EFPO1 and EFPO2) were obtained by two-step reactions using the dimer and trimer of hexafluoropropylene oxide and 4-cyclohexene-1,2-dimethanol as main raw materials. The structures of assynthesized products were confirmed by spectroscopy analyses including FT-IR and 1H NMR. These fluoro-epoxides are compatible with the prepolymers such as bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, thereby endowing the coatings composed of them with improved hydrophobicity as evidenced by the photoinitiated curing experiments. The preliminary investigation of their UV-curing performance shows that the hydrophobicity increases linearly with increasing fluoro-epoxide content in the composition. As expected, the hydrophobic effect is more pronounced for EFPO2 than EFPO1 at the same conditions, because the former has a longer ferfluoroalkyoxy group. For example, upon addiing 1% mass fraction of EFPO2, the water contact angle of the UVcured films was 99° and was higher 14° than that found for the films without the fluoro-component, whereas the value for EFPO1modified films was 87°. When containing 5% EFPO2, high hydrophobic surface was achieved with a water contact angle of 113 for the UV-cured films. In addition, it should be pointed out that the hydrophobic surface can be further improved by heating the UVcured films at 110 ℃ for 6 h. For the coatings containing 1%~5% EFPO2, the post-heating treatment resulted in a change of the water contact angles from the range 99°~113° to 113°~118°, while the changes were from 87°~100° to 99°~110° for EFPO1 analogs. The thermal migration of fluorochains and aggregation on the film surface seems to be responsible for the enhancement in hydrophobicity. Consequently, this new type of fluorinecontaining epoxy monomers is expected as the surface modifier used in coatings, inks and release materials.

The self-assembling， hybridization and orientation of SH-ssDNA on the surface of thin-film nano-gold electrodes were characterized systematically by means of the electrochemical impedance technique. The effects of assembling time, concentration and the length of SH-ssDNA on its self-assembling were investigated. The Rct and surface coverage reached the highest values when assembling time was 15 h. The influences of the concentration and length of SH-ssDNA and its hybridization method with complementary DNA on the hybridization reaction were also studied. The result shows the change of R_ct decreases with the increase of the SH-ssDNA concentration. The R_ct was increased by 16% when the concentration of SH-ssDNA was 5 μmol/L. The data simulation and analysis of impedance spectroscopy indicated that a unique self-assembled monolayer of SH-ssDNA was formed with an upright orientation on the nano-Au electrode surface. The result shows the hybridization efficiency is closely associated with the coverage of SH-ssDNA.

First-principle calculations have become a valuable tool in the study and exploration of new energy hydrogen storage materials. In this paper, novel results and important progresses on the first-principle calculations of hydrogen storage materials are introduced. The application of first-principle calculations in hydrogen storage materials can be summarized as follows:1)studying the hydrogen storage properties of nanostructures, 2)clarifying the role of dopants and defects in the hydrogen storage materials, 3)elucidating the hydrogen storage mechanisms, 4)determining the structure of hydrogen storage materials and predicting new materials. The perspective of using first-principle calculations is proposed for future material innovation in the field of hydrogen storage.

Isopropyl chloroformate and hydrazine were used as starting materials to prepare diisopropyl hydrazine-1,2-dicarboxylate, and then diisopropyl azodicarboxylate(DIAD) was prepared by oxidization with hydrogen peroxide. Factors influencing the reaction were investigated. Diisopropyl hydrazine-1,2-dicarboxylate was prepared by the reaction of hydrazine and chloroformate below 0 ℃ for 2 h in ether; under optimal reaction condition of n(diisopropyl hydrazine-1,2-dicarboxylate):n(hydrogen peroxide) with 1:1.1 at -5~5 ℃ for 2 h, the total yield of DIAD reached 90.7%. The structures of intermediate and product were characterized by IR and ¹H NMR.