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Issn: CN 22-1128/O6

CN:ISSN 1000-0518

Director:Chinese Academy of Sciences

Host:Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Research Progress in Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to C 2+ Hydrocarbons over Fe-Based Catalysts
DING Fanshu,NIE Xiaowa,LIU Min,SONG Chunshan,GUO Xinwen
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2016, 33 (2): 123-132.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2016.02.150431
Abstract1781)   HTML13)    PDF (744KB)(6606)      

Catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO2) to value-added hydrocarbons is of great environmental and social importance, which can not only reduce CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, but also conform with sustainable development strategy. This paper reviews the progress in catalytic conversion of CO2 to C2+ hydrocarbons over Fe-based catalyst. Reaction pathway and mechanism, catalyst preparation and reactor design are emphatically introduced. In addition, the future of hydrocarbons synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation is also summarized.

In⁃situ Electrochemical Preparation of Li⁃Na Alloy and the Co⁃storage of Li + and Na + Ions
Li-Jun WU, Shou-Jie GUO, Chao ZHANG, Zhi-Sheng LI, Wei-Cong LI, Chang-Chun YANG
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2022, 39 (11): 1757-1765.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220074
Abstract717)   HTML11)    PDF (3325KB)(4906)      

Compared with single lithium or sodium, lithium-sodium alloy has better performance. In-situ electrochemical preparation of lithium sodium alloy is successfully achieved in button battery which is charged and discharged under gradient current density by using sodium metal as the positive electrode, lithium metal as the negative electrode, and LiPF6, NaClO4 or lithium sodium mixed ion electrolyte as the electrolyte. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of lithium and sodium double electrochemically active ions, the lithium-sodium mixed ion capacitors with different lithium contents as negative electrodes show good electrochemical performance. In particular, with lithium sodium alloy with high lithium content as the negative electrode and NaClO4 electrolyte added, Carbon derived from sodium citrate (Sodium citrate derived carbon, SCDC-activated) maintains the high specific capacity of 238 mA·h/g and the capacity retention rate of 99% at the current density of 1 A/g for 300 cycles. With the addition of lithium-sodium mixed ion electrolyte, SCDC-activated exhibits the specific capacity of 319 mA·h/g, and it can retain 93 mA·h/g and 98% capacity retention rate after 1040 cycles.

Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Ho 3+ Doping BiFeO 3
LI Wenjin, YAO Weilong, XU Jiaxin, JIANG Qiying, DENG Hongquan
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2019, 36 (1): 91-96.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2019.01.180080
Abstract794)   HTML11)    PDF (720KB)(2641)      

In order to improve photocalytic property and enhance magnetism of BiFeO3(BFO), nano-sized Bi0.95Ho0.05FeO3(BHFO) particles were prepared through thermal decomposition of coordination precursor at 500 ℃. The material obtained was characterized by X-ray diffractometer(XRD), Fourier transfom infrared(FT-IR) spectrometer, dynamic reflectance spectrometer(DRS), vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM), and Zeta potential analyser. It exhibits rhombohedral R3c phase with a band gap of 1.90 eV, and its magnetism is 5 times stronger than BFO. With methyl orange(MO) as the degradation model, the influence factors on photocatalytic activity of BHFO was found to be affected by the oxidization and acid-base property of anions. At last, BHFO exhibits good photocatalytic stability and can be recovered by magnetical separation.

Progress Research on Photosensitive Polyimide
GUO Hai-Quan, YANG Zheng-Hua, GAO Lian-Xun
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2021, 38 (9): 1119-1137.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210274
Abstract2885)      PDF (3669KB)(3418)      
In recent years, photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) has been rapidly developed under the demand of high-tech fields such as advanced packaging technology, microelectromechanical systems, and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. The progress of PSPI has attracted widespread attention in terms of basic research, application, and industrialization. Photosensitive polyimide shows an increasingly prominent importance as a practical self-patternable film. This paper reviews the recent research progress in the structural design, photochemical reaction and light-sensitive properties of positive and negative photosensitive polyimides, briefly introduces the application in the field of the integrated circuits, microelectromechanical systems and OLED displays, and finally gives an outlook on the development of photosensitive polyimides in research and applications.
Cited: CSCD(1)
Beta-Sialon(Si 6- zAl zO zN 8- z):Eu 2+:A Promising Narrow-band Green Phosphor for Light-emitting Diode Backlights
XIE Rongjun,ZHOU Tianliang,TAKAHAHIS Kohei,HIROSAKI Naoto
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2016, 33 (8): 855-866.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2016.08.160240
Abstract1200)   HTML13)    PDF (921KB)(2797)      

GaN-based white light-emitting diode(LED) is now an emerging backlight technology for large color gamut and high efficiency liquid crystal displays. In this technology, phosphors are key materials to control the color-space coverage, luminous efficiency, and lifetime of the backlight units, which are required to have a desired emission and a narrow emission band. β-Sialon:Eu2+(sialon:silicon aluminum oxynitride, Si6-zAlzOzN8-z) is such a green phosphor because it has an emission band centered at 525~545 nm and a small band width(~55 nm). This contribution overviews the synthesis, luminescence, electronic and crystal structure, reliability and applications of β-sialon:Eu2+. From both structure calculations and experimental observations, Eu2+ is seen to be accommodated into a large void along the c-axis, and coordinated to six nitrogen/oxygen atoms at an equivalent distance. The narrow emission band is thus ascribed to the high symmetry of the local structure of Eu2+. Both of the emission band and the band width of β-sialon:Eu2+ can be tuned by tailoring the composition(e.g., the z value), and β-sialon:Eu2+ with shorter wavelengths and narrower bands can be achieved at lower z values. Combined with other red phosphors, β-sialon:Eu2+ enables to produce wider color gamut backlights(15% up) than the conventional yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG)-based ones. Both the excellent luminescence properties and reliability make β-sialon:Eu2+ to be an extremely important green phosphor for use in advanced displays.

Immobilization of Functionalized Ionic Liquid on Silica and Its Application in Hydroxymethylfurfural Synthesis
SHAN Yu-Hua*, DENG Dun-Hui, LIN Fu-Rong, LU Mei-Hong, LI Ming-Shi
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2009, 26 (12): 1428-1434.  
Abstract2728)      PDF (450KB)(3279)      

the sulfonic group functionalized ionic liquid--1-H-3-(3-sulfonic acid)propylimidazolium chloride was immobilized on micro-ball silica-gel using 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane as coupling agent to obtain the silica-gel immobilized ionic liquid(IL3). The IL3 was characterized by SEM, FTIR, TG, 13C-NMR, BET, and titration its surface acidity. Its catalytic performance in the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from fructose dehydration was investigated. The results indicate that 1-H-3-(3-sulfonic acid)propylimidazolium chloride could be immobilized on micro-ball silica-gel surface, and the IL3 was a good catalyst for the HMF synthesis from fructose dehydration. The yield of HMF is up to 82.1%, using 45.4-IL3 as the catalyst, with ethylene glycol monomethyl ether(EGME) as solvent at 115℃ over 5h. The used IL3 could be reused conveniently. But the yield of HMF dropped gradually with the more times of the IL3 recycled. After the IL3 reused four times, the yield of HMF decreased from 82.1% to 53.0%.

Nanozyme: A New Type of Biosafety Material
ZHAO Yue, MENG Xiang-Qin, YAN Xi-Yun, FAN Ke-Long
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2021, 38 (5): 524-545.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210174
Abstract3896)      PDF (3692KB)(2878)      
Nanozymes are a kind of nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity. Since they were first discovered in 2007, nearly a thousand kinds of nanomaterials with different compositions have been found to have enzyme-like activity. They exhibit similar enzymatic reaction kinetics and catalytic mechanisms to natural enzymes and can be used as a good substitute for natural enzymes. Due to the enzyme-like activity and the advantages of multifunctionality, economy, stability, and easy to scale production, nanozymes have shown good application prospects in the rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms and the prevention or treatment of infectious diseases. Therefore, nanozymes are regarded as a new type of biosafety material. This article reviews the application of nanozymes in detecting and killing of bacteria and viruses in recent years, and provides a basis for the development of diagnostic and anti-pathogenic microbial treatment strategies based on nanozyme when responding to major biosafety threats and preventing biosafety hazards.
Cited: CSCD(1)
Research Progress on Synthesis and Properties of Sulfur⁃Containing High Refractive Index Optical Resins
Xiao-Feng GUO, Jia-Lin LI, Yu-Bo WANG, Jun-Su JIN
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2022, 39 (5): 723-735.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210136
Abstract718)   HTML33)    PDF (1305KB)(1633)      

As a substitute for inorganic glass, organic optical resin has the advantages of light mass, good impact resistance, easy processing, and strong adjustability. The refractive index is one of the main parameters of optical resins. The level of refractive index can directly affect the thickness, aesthetics and comfort of the finished lens. Improving the refractive index of optical resins without reducing the overall performance of optical resins has always been a hot and difficult point in this field. The introduction of sulfur with high molar refractive index into optical resins is considered to be one of the most effective and commonly used methods. In this paper, sulfur-containing optical resins are divided into olefins, epoxys, episulfides, sulfur heterocyclic rings, and polyurethanes. The research progress in recent years at home and abroad is briefly reviewed, involving monomer synthesis, monomer polymerization, and the influences of monomer structures on the comprehensive performances of optical resins. The properties and development of the above materials are also analyzed.

Progress on Application of Ion Exchange Resins in Catalytic Organic Reaction
LI Ya'nan, HE Wenjun, YU Fengping, CHEN Liangfeng, GE Junwei
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2015, 32 (12): 1343-1357.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2015.12.150158
Abstract2145)   HTML25)    PDF (1080KB)(3865)      

The use of ion exchange resins as catalysts in organic synthesis, such as esterification, alkylation, etherification, aldolization, isomerization and epoxidation was reviewed. Compared with inorganic catalysts, the ion exchange resin catalysts show excellent catalytic performance and readily recyclability. This article encompasses the progress made in current research and the application of ion exchange resins as catalyst is also summarized.

Cited: CSCD(6)
Research Progress on Chemically Amplified 193 nm Photoresists
LI Xiao-Ou, GU Xue-Song, LIU Ya-Dong, JI Sheng-Xiang
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2021, 38 (9): 1105-1118.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210264
Abstract1381)      PDF (2709KB)(1839)      
There are several platforms for 193 nm photoresists, including chemically/non-chemically amplified photoresists, molecular glass and inorganic-organic hybrid systems. This review mainly focueses on chemically amplified photoresists due to their predominante role in industrial applications. The main components of the 193 nm chemically amplified photoresist include polymer resins, photoacid generators, additives (alkaline additives, dissolution inhibitors, etc.) and solvents. We review the current status of representative 193 nm photoresists and their main components and their advantages, disadvantages and possible development directions are also discussed.
Cited: CSCD(2)
Research Progress of Additives for Acid and Water Removal in Electrolyte of Lithium Ion Battery
Lin-Hu SONG, Shi-You LI, Jie WANG, Jing-Jing ZHANG, Ning-Shuang ZHANG, Dong-Ni ZHAO, Fei XU
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2022, 39 (5): 697-706.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210129
Abstract1292)   HTML84)    PDF (2413KB)(2244)      

In the application process of commercial lithium-ion battery electrolyte, the electrolyte, lithium salt lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), is prone to hydrolysis in presence of trace water, which can lead to the comprehensive electrochemical performance damage of the battery system. Therefore, it is urgent to control the introduction of trace water in the electrolyte body and measures to reduce the influence of lithium salt and trace water reaction products on the battery system. This article mainly summarizes the characteristics of additives containing different function groups in removing trace amounts of water and acid from electrolytes, and analyzes the function of acid-removing and water-removing. Finally, future research directions as well as application prospects of acid-removing and water-removing additives are prospected.

Preparation of Molybdenum Phosphide⁃based Catalyst and Its Application in Water Electrolysis
Bo-Yang CUI, Hong-Da WU, Zong-Bao YU, Zong-Xing GENG, Tie-Qiang REN, Chun-Wei SHI, Zhan-Xu YANG
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2022, 39 (3): 439-450.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210086
Abstract700)   HTML29)    PDF (3312KB)(1867)      

With dodecyl amine intercalated orthorhombic molybdenum trioxide as the precursor, PH3 was produced by decomposition of sodium hypophosphite as the phosphorus source, in a confined space by in-situ carbonization and phosphating method to synthesize “N-doped MoP/graphite” composite materials. The microstructure and physicochemical properties of the catalyst samples obtained at different phosphating temperatures of 700, 800 and 900 ℃ were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), and specific surface area measurement (BET). The catalytic performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of water was investigated. The results show that part of dodecyl amine decomposes to form N-doped graphite as the conductive structure, and the other part decomposes to form nitrogen-doped molybdenum phosphide. The 800 ℃ phosphating sample has the largest pore size ratio and electrochemically active surface area, and shows the best catalytic performance (overpotential ηonset=111 mV, Tafel slope b=70 mV/dec and excellent stability of 27 hours) which is better than those of most reported molybdenum phosphide catalysts.

Research Progress on g-Line and i-Line Photoresists
GU Xue-Song, LI Xiao-Ou, LIU Ya-Dong, JI Sheng-Xiang
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2021, 38 (9): 1091-1104.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210265
Abstract2168)      PDF (3477KB)(1952)      
Photoresist is an indispensable basic material in the integrated circuit field. As the increasingly fierce international competition, photoresist is monopolized by United States, Japan and other countries. The localization of photoresist is imminent. This review focuses on g-line (436 nm) and i-line (365 nm) photoresists that are currently used in the market. According to its composition, it is divided into novolak-diazonaphthoquinone(DNQ) photoresist, chemically amplified photoresist, molecular glass photoresist and other types to be summarized separately. Details of the novolak-DNQ photoresist are reported. The exposure mechanism and the effects of photosensitizers and additives on the performance of photoresist are also described. It is expected to provide information and reference for the development of g-line and i-line photoresists.
Cited: CSCD(2)
Synthesis of a Novel Rhodamine-Based Probe and Its Selective Detection of Trivalent Metallic Ions
HOU Shuhua, QU Zhongguo, ZHONG Keli, BIAN Yanjiang, TANG Lijun
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2017, 34 (5): 606-610.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.05.160475
Abstract923)   HTML14)    PDF (580KB)(1987)      

Trivalent metallic ions(Cr3+, Fe3+ and Al3+) play important roles in environment and human health. It is exhausting using different sensor in different conditions for detection of all the trivalent metallic ions. Single probes for detecting all of these trivalent metallic cations simultaneously with high sensitivity and selectivity have attracted great attention. A novel rhodamine-based probe P was synthesized from rhodamine B. It is showed that probe P acts as a “turn on” fluorescent probe for trivalent metallic ions(Fe3+, Cr3+ and Al3+) recognition. Probe P is highly selective to trivalent metallic ions over other monovalent or divalent metallic ions in V(CH3OH):V(Tris-HCl)=9:1. Furthermore, probe P is highly sensitive to trivalent metallic ions. The detection limits of probe P for Cr3+, Al3+ and Fe3+ are 3.0×10-4, 2.7×10-4 and 1.0×10-4 mol/L, respectively. Probe P could be used in the detection of Cr3+, Al3+ and Fe3+.

Preparation and Application of High Stability Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66
HAN Yitong,LIU Min,LI Keyan,ZUO Yi,ZHANG Guoliang,ZHANG Zongchao,GUO Xinwen
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2016, 33 (4): 367-378.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2016.04.150439
Abstract11288)   HTML2065098249)    PDF (943KB)(7913)      

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are a new class of hybrid porous crystalline materials constructed from metal-oxygen clusters with organic linkers, creating three dimensional ordered frameworks. As porous materials, MOFs usually possess very high surface area. The framework topologies and pore size of MOFs can be designed via choosing various metal centers and organic linkers, their chemical properties can be modified by chemical functionalization of linkers and post modification. These unique characteristics make MOFs one of the research hot spots in the fields of chemistry and materials, and they have shown potential applications in various research areas. But there is a crucial weakness which hinders the development of MOFs, namely, the low stability. However, zirconium-terephthalate-based MOF UiO-66 has remarkable hydrothermal stability, the framework is claimed to be stable up to 500 ℃, and it is also highly resistant to many solvents. UiO-66 has gained great attention since the outstanding qualities. In this review, details of the synthesis modulation and functionalization of UiO-66 are presented. In addition, the research actuality and prospective of UiO-66 in the fields of adsorption, catalysis, etc. are also discussed.

Cited: CSCD(14)
Research Progress of Shielding and Shielding Materials of Nuclear Radiation
WANG Lu, ZHAO Meng, CHEN Zhao-Bin
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2021, 38 (12): 1576-1587.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210466
Abstract736)      PDF (758KB)(1255)      
The wide applications and safe utilization make much higher requirements for nuclear radiation shielding and shielding materials. Starting from shielding analysis, this review introduces firstly the types of radiations produced by the nuclear reactor and corresponding shielding mechanisms, following by guiding principles of shielding design. Emphases are then given to new developed shielding materials that have been already applied or have potentials in real applications. Finally, problems and probable research interests in the future are proposed, which is believed to be beneficial for the scientists and researchers in this field.
Towards Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography: Progress and Challenges of Photoresists
CUI Hao, WANG Qian-Qian, WANG Xiao-Lin, HE Xiang-Ming, XU Hong
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2021, 38 (9): 1154-1167.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210189
Abstract1673)      PDF (2020KB)(2316)      
Lithography enabled nanoscale fabrication in the semiconductor industry; Its resolution and accuracy directly determined the integration, reliability, and cost of integrated circuits. Lithography is a micro-processing technology that uses the solubility switch of photoresists upon the exposure of ultraviolet light or electron beam, to transfer the pre-designed patterns on the mask to the substrate. With the continuous advancement of light sources used in semiconductor processing, from g-line and i-line to KrF (248 nm) and then to ArF (193 nm), the photoresist is also constantly developing to meet requirements of sensitivity, transmittance, and resistance to etching. Nowadays, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography has been recognized as the next generation of photo-lithography technology; however, the corresponding photoresist is still facing substantial challenges. This article will briefly review the development of lithography light sources and the historical changes in corresponding photoresists; and then discuss the challenges, such as sensitivity, resolution, and etching resistance for EUV photoresists. Based on this, the future development direction of EUV photoresists is proposed.
Cited: CSCD(2)
Preparation of Molybdenum Disulfide Quantum Dots/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites and Their Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes, Tetracyclines and Cr(VI)
Yi-Xin XU, Shuang WANG, Jing QUAN, Wan-Ting GAO, Tian-Qun SONG, Mei YANG
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2022, 39 (5): 769-778.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210115
Abstract402)   HTML24)    PDF (4173KB)(1150)      

Molybdenum disulfide quantum dots/reduced graphene oxide (MoS2 QDs/rGO) composites were prepared by a one-pot solvothermal reduction method with sodium molybdate, L-cysteine and graphene oxide as raw materials. The photocatalytic degradation performance of photocatalysts was studied under visible light with rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB), tetracyclines (TC) and Cr(VI) as the target pollutants, respectively. MoS2 QDs/rGO composites exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity and stability that are superior to molybdenum disulfide quantum dots and reduced graphene oxide. The photodegradation rates of RhB, MB and Cr(VI) are all above 97%, and those of TC are 69%. Moreover, MoS2 QDs/rGO composites possess high photocatalytic stability and reusability and could be reused for ten times without significant decrease of photocatalytic activity. The photodegradation rates of the two dyes are both maintained over 90%. The photodegradation mechanism of MoS2 QDs/rGO composites is studied by adding radical scavengers of isopropanol, p-benzoquinone and EDTA-2Na, respectively. It is found that superoxide radical (·O 2 - ) is the main active species of MoS2 QDs/rGO.

Research Progress on Superhydrophilic/Superaerophobic Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Cui-Ying TAN, Wei-Chao DING, Ting-Ting MA, Yao XIAO, Jian LIU
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2023, 40 (8): 1109-1125.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230126
Abstract247)   HTML14)    PDF (4817KB)(842)      

Among many hydrogen production technologies, electrolysis of water has many obvious advantages, such as environmentally friendly, simple and easy to operate. Industrial-scale hydrogen production is typically carried out at high current density. A great number of H2 bubbles will generate on the electrode surface during the process of hydrogen production. The aggregation and adhesion of bubbles on the electrode surface will lead to a large number of active sites being covered, resulting in the reduction of the efficiency. Therefore, regulating bubble wetting behavior is crucial for industrial electrolysis of water. In recent years, superaerophobic materials have attracted much attention due to their unique wetting capabilities. Superwetting interface materials can be constructed by controlling the chemical composition of the electrode surface and constructing rough structure at micro and nano scales. This type of material has a superhydrophilic/superaerophobic interface structure, which facilitates the effective infiltration of aqueous electrolyte and accelerates the release of in-situ generated bubbles, thus enhancing the water splitting performance of the catalyst. This paper systematically introduces the water splitting catalysts with superhydrophilic/superaerophobic interfacial structures reported in recent years, outlines the synthetic design strategies and catalytic performance of the catalysts, and the current research status, challenges and application prospects of superwetting water splitting catalysts are summarized and prospected.

Application of Porphyrin-Based Framework Materials on Photocatalysis
WANG Yuting,YANG Tianyi,ZHANG Yinghui
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2020, 37 (6): 611-619.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2020.06.190336
Abstract1274)   HTML30)    PDF (1753KB)(1936)      

Porphyrins have been widely used to construct new photocatalytic and photosensitizing materials because of their strong absorption of visible light. The photophysical and photochemical properties of porphyrin units could be easily modulated in frameworks materials, with the aid of the large surface area and tunable pore structure of the frameworks, leading to an improved photocatalytic quantum yield and selectivity. In this review, the recent advances of porphyrin-based frameworks materials, including metal organic framework materials (MOFs) and covalent organic framework materials (COFs) as well as covalent organic polymers (COPs) have been briefly summarized in the field of photocatalysis. Moreover, the key problems faced by designing high-performance porphyrin-based photocatalysts were analyzed in order to give some advice for the future development.

Industrial Application of Nickel-Iron Battery and Its Recent Research Progress
JIANG Wei1,3, WU Yaoming1,2*, CHENG Yong1, WANG Limin1,2
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1095.2014.30353
Synthesis of Sulfur and Nitrogen Doped Carbon Dots for Cu(Ⅱ) Detection
Hai-Yan QI, Chen-Qi ZHANG, Jin-Long LI, Jun LI
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2022, 39 (6): 980-989.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210263
Abstract400)   HTML11)    PDF (2381KB)(954)      

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped blue fluorescent carbon dots (NS-CDs) for detection of copper ion in real samples were prepared by the hydrothermal method using citric acid as the carbon source. The structure, composition and optical properties of NS-CDs were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that the NS-CDs have amorphous carbon structure, high dispersibility, and its particle size is in the range of 0.6~2.2 nm. There are carboxyl, hydroxyl and amide functional groups on NS-CDs′ surfaces. The C, N, O and S element contents of NS-CDs are 54.01%, 24.49%, 19.39% and 2.11%, respectively. NS-CDs show good fluorescence stability for the irradiation by ultraviolet light, pH value, and ionic strength, and the fluorescence quantum yield is 25%. Cu2+ could interact with the functional groups on NS-CDs, resulting in the aggregation/network structure and causing quenching of fluorescence intensity. A fluorescence analysis method is established to detect Cu2+ with linear ranges of 0~10, 10~50 and 50~100 μmol/L, respectively. The detection limit is achieved as 41 nmol/L (S/N=3), which meets the Chinese guidelines for Cu2+ in soil in Environmental Quality Standard for Soils. The method is successfully applied in detection of Cu2+ in soil samples with recoveries of 104.9%~105.6%. The copper ion concentration is 2.55 μmol/L. The method is rapid, sensitive and highly selective for detection of Cu2+.

Recent Advances in Direct Oxidation of Methane to Methanol
Ke WANG, Xiao WANG, Shu-Yan SONG
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2022, 39 (4): 540-558.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210461
Abstract1595)   HTML72)    PDF (5438KB)(1396)      

The methods for synthesizing methanol from methane include indirect method and direct catalytic oxidation method, but the indirect method requires high equipment, and the methane conversion rate and methanol selectivity are not ideal. Direct catalytic oxidation method (DMTM) can produce methanol with high selectivity through a one-step reaction, and has huge application potential. For DMTM, the homogeneous catalytic system usually requires a special reaction medium combined with a precious metal catalyst. Although the reaction efficiency is high, it is corrosive to the reaction equipment, the product is not easy to separate, and the application prospect is poor. Liquid phase-heterogeneous catalysis generally uses H2O2 as the oxidant, Au, Pd, Fe, Cu and other metal elements as the main active component of the catalyst, and·OH is the main oxidation active substance, which can be used at low temperature to realize the activation and oxidation of methane. Therefore, heterogeneous catalytic systems are currently the mainstream of research. Gas phase-heterogeneous catalysis mainly uses O2 and N2O as oxidants. The former is more active, and the latter is more selective for products. In addition, H2O in anaerobic systems can also be directly used as oxygen donors, commonly Cu, Fe, Rh, etc. elements are used as catalysts. Zeolite molecular sieves are the most widely used support, and metal oxides, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and graphene are also involved. Multi-metal synergistic catalysis has achieved good results. This article mainly summarizes the research on the direct catalytic oxidation of thermally catalyzed methane to methanol in recent years, and prospects for future research directions.

Thermodynamics Analysis of High Concentration F --Al 3+ System for Fluorine Determination
LANG Wuke, TANG Yin, SUN Jing
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2016, 33 (7): 848-854.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2016.07.150354
Abstract1124)   HTML9)    PDF (665KB)(1967)      

The species and equilibrium constants were assigned for F--Al3+ system in Visual MINTEQ software. The similarity between the simulated titration curves and experimental ones, and the accordance confirms this assignment. The masking effect of sodium hydroxide and masking mechanism was investigated according to the equilibrium distribution simulation of F-(0.01/0.1 mol/L)-Al3+(0.02 mol/L)-OH- system. Although the species and aluminum masking mechanism are different in these two systems, aluminum can be masked efficiently at pH 11~12. The larger discrepancy between the simulated titration curve and the experimental curve in the latter system is due to the slower reaction rate of the latter system. Furthermore, the permissible aluminum concentration at pH 11~12 was obtained by simulation. Considering the interference of OH- to fluoride ion selective electrode, pH is limited to 11.5±0.2 for the determination of fluoride at 0.01~0.1 mol/L, and the maximum aluminum concentration masked at pH 11.5 is 0.02 mol/L. This method suits for the determination of high F concentration in the F-Al system. The error analysis indicates that the standard calibration curve method is more accurate than standard addition method if the potential error is larger than the error of electrode slope constant.

Synthesis of Diisopropyl Azodicarboxylate
ZHANG Xiuqin, CHAO Xuqiang, CHEN Qiang, SUN Xiaoqiang
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2015, 32 (3): 261-266.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2015.03.140108
Abstract2583)   HTML43)    PDF (574KB)(3210)      

Isopropyl chloroformate and hydrazine were used as starting materials to prepare diisopropyl hydrazine-1,2-dicarboxylate, and then diisopropyl azodicarboxylate(DIAD) was prepared by oxidization with hydrogen peroxide. Factors influencing the reaction were investigated. Diisopropyl hydrazine-1,2-dicarboxylate was prepared by the reaction of hydrazine and chloroformate below 0 ℃ for 2 h in ether; under optimal reaction condition of n(diisopropyl hydrazine-1,2-dicarboxylate):n(hydrogen peroxide) with 1:1.1 at -5~5 ℃ for 2 h, the total yield of DIAD reached 90.7%. The structures of intermediate and product were characterized by IR and 1H NMR.

Ferrates:Green Oxidants and Coagulants in Water Treatment
WANG Dongsheng,LI Wentao,YANG Xiaofang,AN Guangyu
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2016, 33 (11): 1221-1233.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2016.11.160337
Abstract1208)   HTML11)    PDF (1037KB)(2522)      

The rise of emerging contaminants and microorganisms causes the complexity of drinking water quality and brings a gap between peoples demand and water treatment efficiency using conventional treatment reagents and techniques. Ferrate is an effective and multi-functional green water purification material, which shows both good oxidation and coagulation ability without secondary pollution. This paper reviews the removal mechanism of contaminants including heavy metal ions, emerging contaminants and microorganisms by ferrate. At present, the investigation of ferrates oxidation and coagulation cooperative effect is insufficient and the application of ferrates in water treatment has not been fully developed. Therefore, the oxidation and coagulation cooperative effect of ferrates is emphatically discussed to direct the application of ferrates in water treatment. Finally, the prospect of application of ferrates in water treatment is commented.

Cited: CSCD(4)
Progress on Microstructural Optimization and Controllable Preparation Technology for Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes
WU Xiangkun,ZHAN Qiushe,ZHANG Lan,ZHANG Suojiang
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2018, 35 (9): 1076-1092.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.09.180165
Abstract2071)   HTML35)    PDF (2889KB)(2705)      

Lithium-ion batteries are the most widely used energy storage device, and currently, the rapid development of economy has put forward higher requirements on their performances. Electrode microstructure has significant influence on the battery performance, therefore, elaborate microstructure design and controllable preparation thereof is becoming one of the hot topics in this field. In this paper, according to the latest development trend of lithium ion batteries, the basic electrochemical process and the microstructural characterization technology of the lithium ion battery electrode are enumerated. Then the design and optimization of the electrode in recent years are summarized, and the key microstructural features are discussed. Based on an ideal electrode structure, the latest development in controllable electrode preparation technology is reviewed.

Cited: CSCD(1)
Research Progress of Metal-organic Framework MIL-88A(Fe) and Its Composites in Water Treatment
Hua-Yu WANG, Chao ZHANG, Ke-Ming CHEN, Ming GE
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2023, 40 (2): 155-168.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220259
Abstract448)   HTML40)    PDF (2951KB)(865)      

As an emerging material, multifunctional metal-organic framework MIL-88A(Fe) poses a potential application in water treatment. Considering the unique physical and chemical properties of MIL-88A(Fe) (i.e. porous structure, unsaturated metal sites and excellent visible light absorption ability), MIL-88A(Fe) can heterogeneously combine with other functional materials (i.e. carbon materials, inorganic semiconductor materials) to improve its adsorption and catalytic performance. This paper reviews the application of MIL-88A(Fe) and its composites as adsorbents and catalysts in water treatment. The mechanism of adsorption removal of pollutants in water by MIL-88A(Fe) and its composites (especially heavy metal ions) is summarized, and the reaction mechanism for degradation of organic pollutants in water by MIL-88A(Fe) and its composites in photocatalytic technology, Fenton-like technology, peroxydisulfate advanced oxidation technology and ozone-catalytic technology is introduced. It is pointed out that the MIL-88A(Fe)-based functional materials have problems such as narrow applicable pH range and difficulty in recycling in the process of wastewater treatment. Future research needs to optimize the preparation condition of MIL-88A(Fe) to improve the yield and ensure the regular morphology, small size and high crystallinity of MIL-88A(Fe), improve the stability of MIL-88A(Fe) by surface coating technology, and enhance the recycling performance of MIL-88A(Fe) by endowing its magnetic property. In addition, according to the structure of the target organic pollutants and water quality condition, it is necessary to reasonably adjust the degradation contribution of the free radical pathway and the non-radical pathway to the target pollutant in the MIL-88A(Fe)-based advanced oxidation process, thus achieving the best decontamination effect.

Effectively Improving the Electrocatalytic Activity of PrBaMn 2O 5+ δ Anode by Doping Co, Ni and Fe
Ya-Wei TANG, Lan-Lan XU, Xiao-Juan LIU
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2022, 39 (10): 1543-1553.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220048
Abstract265)   HTML18)    PDF (4175KB)(1213)      

The development of efficient anode materials plays an important role in the large-scale commercialization of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Based on the design concept of component engineering, PrBaMn1.6X0.4O5+δ (PBMX,X = Co,Ni,Fe) layered perovskite anodes are synthesized by simple B-site doping transition metals into Pr0.5Ba0.5MnO3-δ . The effect of doping with different transition metals on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of PrBaMn2O5+δ(PBMO) is systematically investigated, and the effect of A-site defects on the PBMX anodes is further analyzed. The results show that the doping effect of Co and Ni is obviously better than that of Fe, PrBaMn1.6Co0.4O5+δ (PBMC) and PrBaMn1.6Ni0.4O5+δ (PBMN) will generate more oxygen vacancies during the reduction process, and the electrochemical properties of the materials are better. Among them, PBMC has the highest catalytic activity as an anode material, with a polarization resistance of 0.170 Ω·cm2 and a peak power density of 874 mW/cm2 at 800 ℃ in H2, showing that the enhancement of the electrochemical activity is due to the enhancement of the surface roughness and the increase of oxygen vacancies. In addition, the introduction of A-site deficiency can improve the performance of PBMX, the polarization resistance of P0.6BMC is only 0.090 Ω·cm2 and the peak power density is 952 mW/cm2 at 800 ℃.

部分氧化海藻酸钠的制备与性能
何淑兰;张敏;耿占杰;尹玉姬;姚康德
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry   
Abstract1387)      PDF (328KB)(2342)      
部分氧化海藻酸钠的制备与性能;海藻酸钠;氧化;降解;水凝胶
Cited: CSCD(14)
Synthesis and Application Progress of Organic Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardants
LI Nana,JIANG Guowei,ZHOU Guangyuan,JIANG Zhenhua,WANG Huawei
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2016, 33 (6): 611-623.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2016.06.150299
Abstract1817)   HTML76)    PDF (774KB)(4883)      

Organic phosphorus-containing flame retardants have good characteristics, such as high efficiency, low toxicity, no pollution and smokeless. To date, research of synthesis and application in this field attracts a lot of attention. This paper reviewed recent developments, current status and potential future trends of organic phosphorus-containing flame retardants. The classification and mechanism of organic phosphorus-containing flame retardants were also introduced. The development and problems in the application were outlined considering the aspects of organic phosphorus-containing fire retardants.

Cited: CSCD(19)
Research Progress of Heterogeneous Catalytic Preparation of Organic Peroxides
Yi-Cheng ZHANG, Fei ZHA, Xiao-Hua TANG, Yue CHANG, Hai-Feng TIAN, Xiao-Jun GUO
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2023, 40 (6): 769-788.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220388
Abstract230)   HTML11)    PDF (3924KB)(695)      

Sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid are usually used as catalysts for the preparation of organic peroxides. Due to the corrosion of strong acid to the equipment, the catalyst can not be reused, the amount of waste water after treatment is large, and the post-treatment cost is very high. The preparation of organic peroxides with heterogeneous catalysts has been paid more and more attention. Heterogeneous catalysts have the advantages of high activity, good stability and reusability, simple post-treatment, less equipment corrosion, and less environmental pollution. In this paper, on the basis of a brief introduction of the homogeneous preparation process of organic peroxides, the heterogeneous catalysts for the preparation of organic peroxides, including ion exchange resins, molecular sieves, phase transfer catalysts, metal oxides, polymer carrier catalysts and carbon-based support catalysts are summarized. The reactors and preparation processes are discussed, and the development direction of heterogeneous catalytic synthesis of organic peroxides is described. The study has strong reference value and guiding significance for understanding the progress in the preparation of organic compounds by heterogeneous catalysis, developing heterogeneous catalysts with excellent performance, and optimizing the production process of organic peroxides.

Simple, Fast and Accurate Detection of Ciprofloxacin Based on Fluorescence Enhancement of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots
XU Liping, LIU Qingshi, DONG Zhichen, GUO Xingjia, DONG Wei
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2020, 37 (7): 830-838.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2020.07.190318
Abstract562)      PDF (1408KB)(1086)      
Nitrogen doped fluorescence carbon dots (N-CDs) were successfully synthesized by a facile one step solid phase pyrolysis treatment using malic acid as the carbon source and ammonium phosphate as the nitrogen source. The fluorescence quantum yield of the obtained N-CDs reaches 20.7% and the N-CDs have approximately spherical morphology with an average diameter of 3.3 nm. The as prepared N-CDs were used as the fluorescent probe to detect ciprofloxacin (CIP) based on the enhancement of N-CDs fluorescence upon adding CIP. The optimal experimental mass conditions are 7.5 μg/mL of N-CDs, pH=5.91, and 5 min of incubation time for the detection of CIP. The enhancement of N-CDs fluorescence exhibits a good linear relationship with the concentration of CIP ranged from 0.39 μmol/L to 40.0 μmol/L under the optimal conditions. The linear regression equation is Δ F=1.61×10 7[CIP]-3.28 with a correlation coefficient R 2=0.994. The detection limit and relative standard deviation ( n=5) are estimated to be 0.12 mol/L and 4.2%, respectively. The interference experiments indicate that potential coexistence substances (except copper ions) have ignorable effects on the detection of CIP, and the interference of copper ions could be masked with 4% ammonium oxalate solution. Finally, the proposed sensor was successfully applied to analyze real samples with satisfactory results.
Cited: CSCD(1)
Research Progress on the Synthesis and Application of Ferroncene-based Polymers
LIU Yu-Ting, SUN Jia-Xi, YIN Da-Wei
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2021, 38 (4): 343-366.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.200255
Abstract626)      PDF (5850KB)(1139)      
Ferroncene-based polymers have applications in electrochemistry, catalytic and materials because of their unique structures. There are many kinds of ferrocene-based polymers. The synthesis methods such as polycondensation reaction, ring-opening polymerization and graft copolymerization of the ferrocene-based polymers are reviewed. The applications of the ferrocene-based polymers in electrochemistry, biomaterials, etc. are discussed. Finally, the problems and foerground in the research and application of ferrocene-based polymers are prospected.
Facile Preparation of Bi 4V 2O 11/Reduced Graphene Oxide Heterojunction Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Antibiotic Pollutants
DA Zulin, ZHAO Yong, SHI Weidong
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2018, 35 (8): 946-955.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.08.180148
Abstract733)   HTML5)    PDF (1809KB)(1113)      

Designing and developing active, cost-effective and stable photocatalysts for the degradation of antibiotic pollutants are still an ongoing challenge. Herein, the fabrication of Bi4V2O11/reduced graphene oxide(BR) composite through a facile hydrothermal reaction, and the effective photocatalytic activity of BR composite towards the degradation of antibiotic pollutants under visible light are demonstrated. The active species of the photocatalytic system are proved to be h+ and ·OH radicals by free radical trapping experiments. Based on the results, a reasonably reaction mechanism to explain the improved photocatalytic activity was also given. The introduction of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) can promote the effective separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs of Bi4V2O11 materials, and ultimately increase its photocatalytic activity. As the results, the composite shows high activity and excellent stability towards the degradation of antibiotic pollutants. This method produces a high photocatalytic activity based on rGO support, providing a new avenue for designing excellent photocatalysts.

Study on Membrane Blocking in Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharide Ultrafiltration Membrane Bioreactor Based on COMSOL Software
Bo WANG, Fang LUO, Yan-Zhao SUN, Jing-Wen HU, Jun-Miao LIU
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2022, 39 (12): 1912-1919.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210535
Abstract210)   HTML4)    PDF (1723KB)(747)      

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide is refined based on polysulfone hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane separation technology, and the lycium barbarum polysaccharide membrane blocking countercurrent extraction and ultrasonic equipment parameters are corrected by COMSOL software to obtain a better purification process. A microwave-ultrasonic method is used to extract Lycium barbarum polysaccharides, and polysulfone hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes are used to separate Lycium barbarum polysaccharides. Single factor analysis and orthogonal experiments are used to investigate the important parameters in the extraction and separation process of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides. The important membrane blocking parameters are corrected by the COMSOL software. The optimal process conditions for the extraction of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides are: the extraction temperature between 50~70 ℃, ultrasonic power 50 W, solid-liquid ratio 1∶8~1∶12, and extraction time 40~60 min. When the ultrafiltration membrane relative molecular weight cut-off is 1×104, the membrane flux is better. The orthogonal experiment results show that the membrane flux has the largest relationship with the temperature of the feed liquid, followed by the membrane pH value and separation operating pressure. COMSOL software performs continuous countercurrent extraction equipment for Lycium barbarum polysaccharides and the calculations show that compared with fully enclosed blades, perforated blades can significantly reduce the solvent short-circuit phenomenon and increase the minimum flow rate by up to 65 times. The COMSOL software performs simulation calculations on the ultrasonic equipment. When the double ultrasonic transducers are axially separated by 12 cm, the axis crosses 90(°) and the power is set to 50 W, the regional mass transfer flux can be significantly increased. Based on the revision of COMSOL software data, the separation efficiency of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides has been greatly improved, which provides necessary data accumulation for the industrial production of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in the future.

Preparation and Swelling Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Composited Sodium Polyacrylate
ZHUANG Zhibo, NAN Zhaodong
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2017, 34 (3): 282-290.   DOI: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.03.160237
Abstract1151)   HTML14)    PDF (1159KB)(2164)      

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) composited sodium polyacrylate(PAA-Na) superabsorbent polymer was prepared by solution polymerization of acrylic acid(AA), where ammonium persulfate(APS) was used as an initiator, N,N'-methylene-bisacrylamide(MBA) as a crosslinker in the presence of carbon nanotubes. Effects of the amount of CNTs, initiator, crosslinker and the reaction temperature on water absorbency were studied. The results show that the synthetic resins have the best water absorbency when the mass ratio of the crosslinker to AA is 0.04%, the initiator to AA is 0.3%, the CNTs to AA is 0.3% and the reaction temperature at 75 ℃. After the addition of carbon nanotubes, the CNTs/PAA-Na shows rough surface and porous structure, which may lead to changes in water absorbency. The water absorbence and the swelling rate by the CNTs/PAA-Na are significantly improved than those by PAA-Na. The highest water absorbence of CNTs/PAA-Na reaches 1423 g/g and 104 g/g in distilled water and in saline water, respectively. The CNTs/PAA-Na composite maintains 76.0% of its water absorbency after repeated five times, and the water absorbent capacity is 1081.5 g/g .

Cited: CSCD(1)
Directed Evolution for Catalytic Activity of Formate Dehydrogenase and Its Overexpression
ZHANG Zhen-Hua, XIE Yu-Li, WANG Tie-Jun, ZHAO Hong, TANG Cun-Duo, KAN Yun-Chao, YAO Lun-Guang
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2021, 38 (6): 704-712.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.200271
Abstract1200)      PDF (10162KB)(990)      
Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) is a D-2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase, and catalyzes the oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide, coupled with reduction of NAD +(oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)) to NADH (reduced NAD) that plays a key role in the process of NADH regeneration. In order to obtain highly active formate dehydrogenase mutants, the Candida boidinii formate dehydrogenase CbFDH C23S was used as the parent to conduct two rounds of directional evolution, and a mutant M2 was obtained. The specific activity of M2 is about 4 times more than the parent and M2 and is more suitable for coenzyme regeneration under physiological conditions. Then, the molecular mechanism of the temperature characteristic and the catalytic efficiency change was preliminarily elucidated by the computer aided method. Finally, with the help of the co-expression strategy, the expression level of mutant M2 in Escherichia coli is further improved, and the formate dehydrogenase activity in the ultrasonic lysate reaches 45.85 U/mL, which is far higher than the expression level of the parent single copy. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the green biosynthesis of food additives such as chiral alcohols and amino acid derivatives catalyzed by FDH coupling to enhance the regeneration capacity of NADH, reduce the regeneration cost of NADH, and achieve high efficiency and low cost.
Recent Progress of Library Construction for Next-generation Sequencing
LI Lin, QIAN Si-Hua, LYU Tian-Qi, WANG Yu-Hui, ZHENG Jian-Ping
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2021, 38 (1): 11-23.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.200158
Abstract873)      PDF (1473KB)(1456)      
High-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a revolutionary technology in gene sequencing. It is widely used in various solutions in biomedical-relevant fields. Library preparation with high quality and low-cost is the key for NGS. With the development of such sequencing platforms, different library preparation technologies have been built. However, these technologies also possess their own strengths and weaknesses. In this review, we first summarized various library preparation methods for NGS, then discussed the complete process of library preparation in single cell sequencing. We hope that this review can help researchers on the optimal selection of library preparation strategies and also offer suggestions for the development of new NGS library preparation technologies, especially in the exploitation of homebred kits.
Cited: CSCD(2)
Investigation on the Spectral Variation of Typical Organic Phosphorus Compounds under Different pH Conditions Using Solution 31P NMR Spectroscopy
Yu-Hang ZHAO, Chao-Qun HAN, Jin LIU, Xing XIA, Yi-Hao WANG, Jian-Jun YANG
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry    2022, 39 (02): 315-321.   DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210001
Abstract923)   HTML18)    PDF (2811KB)(881)      

Liquid phosphorus-31 (31P) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the major analytical technique for the characterization of soil organic phosphorus (Po) species at the molecular level, and usually requires to extract soil Pousing NaOH-EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) solution before the spectrum is collected under high pH (pH=13) conditions. However, soil Pomay be hydrolyzed under high pH conditions, which affects the accuracy of the P-NMR measurements. Furthermore, the pH of soils usually ranges from 6 to 8, and thus it is necessary to explore the differences in the spectra of Pocompounds under different pH conditions. Typical P compounds including D-glucose-6-phosphate disodium (D-G-6-P), 5′-adenosine monophosphate (5′AMP) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate standards were selected for this study under different pH conditions. The results show that the pH change significantly affects spectral features of the investigated Pocompounds. For D-G-6-P, the shape and peak positions of the NMR spectra both change under varied pH conditions, but pH mainly affects the position of 5′AMP and NaH2PO4absorption peaks. D-G-6-P has α-and β-forms in solutions, and transforms into glucose phosphate, mannose phosphate, fructose phosphate and saccharinic acid phosphate, but it mainly exists as 3-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl phosphate and saccharinic acid after degradation, accounting for more than 50% of the total content, at high pH. For 5′-adenosine monophosphate, there are three conformations of 5′AMP in the solution. The resolved peak at high pH probably results from the hydrolysis of 5′AMP to produce orthophosphate, while for NaH2PO4, the existence of and at low and high pH values leads to changes in the peak shift in the spectra. Overall, the extraction of Pousing NaOH-EDTA solution with high pH may significantly change the speciation of Po, and thus induce the changes in their spectra. This study provides theoretical bases for the comprehensive understanding of soil PoNMR spectra and the development of new method to characterize soil Po speciation at pH values approaching natural soil pH ranges.