Compared with single lithium or sodium， lithium-sodium alloy has better performance. In-situ electrochemical preparation of lithium sodium alloy is successfully achieved in button battery which is charged and discharged under gradient current density by using sodium metal as the positive electrode， lithium metal as the negative electrode， and LiPF₆， NaClO₄ or lithium sodium mixed ion electrolyte as the electrolyte. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of lithium and sodium double electrochemically active ions， the lithium-sodium mixed ion capacitors with different lithium contents as negative electrodes show good electrochemical performance. In particular， with lithium sodium alloy with high lithium content as the negative electrode and NaClO₄ electrolyte added， Carbon derived from sodium citrate （Sodium citrate derived carbon， SCDC-activated） maintains the high specific capacity of 238 mA·h/g and the capacity retention rate of 99% at the current density of 1 A/g for 300 cycles. With the addition of lithium-sodium mixed ion electrolyte， SCDC-activated exhibits the specific capacity of 319 mA·h/g， and it can retain 93 mA·h/g and 98% capacity retention rate after 1040 cycles.

As the third generation of new concept solar cells， perovskite solar cells have the advantages of high photoelectric conversion efficiency， low-cost and flexible processing. They have been developed rapidly in recent years. Their photoelectric conversion efficiency has increased from 3.8% at the beginning to 25.5% in the near future. They are gradually comparable to silicon cells and have been close to the level of commercial application. At present， the key link to realize the industrial application of perovskite solar cells is battery packaging. It can not only solve the stability problem of perovskite photovoltaic devices， but also meet the requirements of battery safety， environmental protection and prolonging service life. Combined with the development status of perovskite photovoltaic cell packaging materials and packaging technology in recent ten years， this paper introduces the achievements and shortcomings in the field of perovskite cell packaging， and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the existing packaging technologies， as well as their applicable different device types. Under different temperature and humidity conditions， the effects of different packaging material properties and packaging process conditions on the efficiency and stability of perovskite battery are compared， and three key factors affecting the packaging effect of perovskite battery thin film are summarized： elastic modulus of polymer， water vapor transmittance and processing temperature. The suitable processing temperature， advantages and disadvantages and processing cost of different polymer film packaging materials are compared. It can be seen that with the strong growth of industrial demand for perovskite photovoltaic cells and the deepening of people's research on their packaging materials， it will be an inevitable trend to study new functional polymer packaging materials suitable for large-scale production and photovoltaic building integration.

The development of efficient anode materials plays an important role in the large-scale commercialization of solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC）. Based on the design concept of component engineering， PrBaMn_1.6X_0.4O_5+δ （PBMX，X = Co，Ni，Fe） layered perovskite anodes are synthesized by simple B-site doping transition metals into Pr_0.5Ba_0.5MnO_3-δ . The effect of doping with different transition metals on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of PrBaMn₂O_{5+δ（PBMO） is systematically investigated， and the effect of A-site defects on the PBMX anodes is further analyzed. The results show that the doping effect of Co and Ni is obviously better than that of Fe， PrBaMn1.6Co0.4O5+δ （PBMC） and PrBaMn1.6Ni0.4O5+δ （PBMN） will generate more oxygen vacancies during the reduction process， and the electrochemical properties of the materials are better. Among them， PBMC has the highest catalytic activity as an anode material， with a polarization resistance of 0.170 Ω·cm² and a peak power density of 874 mW/cm² at 800 ℃ in H2， showing that the enhancement of the electrochemical activity is due to the enhancement of the surface roughness and the increase of oxygen vacancies. In addition， the introduction of A-site deficiency can improve the performance of PBMX， the polarization resistance of P0.6BMC is only 0.090 Ω·cm² and the peak power density is 952 mW/cm² at 800 ℃.}

With the technological development and progresses of the semiconductor industry， chip manufacturing is stepping forward to the advanced technology nodes under the impetus of Moore's Law. Meanwhile， the corresponding advanced materials for lithography are highly desired to satisfy the rapid development of advanced lithographic patterning. This review focuses on the composition and performances of materials for lithography. The photoresist from ultraviolet， deep ultraviolet， and extreme ultraviolet light as well as semiconducting photoresist and materials for directed self-assembly （DSA） are systematically summarized. Subsequently， the current market development and requirement of materials for lithography are critically examined. Finally， after a brief summary， an outlook for the prospective studies on advanced materials for lithography and the corresponding solutions to improve the domestic market occupancy is provided.

Lonicera caerulea is a kind of natural wild edible berry with physiological activities such as scavenging free radicals， inhibiting phosphorylation of proteins related to inflammatory pathways and inhibiting proliferation of cancer cells. Its anti-oxidation， regulation of blood lipids， anti-tumor， anti-radiation and other health benefits can be applied to regulate intestinal flora structure， anti-cancer， anti-obesity， protect eyesight and other functional food fields. Besides， Lonicera caerulea has strong cold resistance capability and is easy to grow， which has a high market development value. This article summarizes the chemical information of active chemical components （procyanidins， anthocyanins， anthocyanins， flavonoids， organic acids， polysaccharide and other compounds） in Lonicera caerulea and sums up the extraction and separation methods of different types of chemical components （solvent extraction， enzymatic hydrolysis， microwave assisted extraction method， etc.）， which aims at providing the basis for the further research and development and deep processing products develop of Lonicera caerulea.

Zinc-air batteries （ZABs） are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for a new generation of advanced energy conversion and storage devices， while the inferior activity and stability of air cathode electrocatalysts largely hinder the widespread application of ZABs. The extensive efforts for exploring and designing high active yet stable air cathode catalysts is， therefore， indispensable for the improvement of ZABs performance. Recently， carbon-encapsulated iron-based nanoparticles have been reported to exhibit excellent oxygen catalytic performance on account of their resistance to corrosion， oxidation， and aggregation under harsh conditions， and have been widely used as cathode materials for ZABs. As a result， we systematically summarize the applications of carbon-encapsulated transition metal iron-based materials as cathode catalysts for ZABs. In this review， the basic principle of ZABs and challenges faced by air cathode catalysts are firstly expounded. Then， the research progress of the carbon-encapsulated iron-based nanoparticles electrocatalysts （such as iron-based and its alloy， carbide， oxide and phosphide， et al.） are emphatically discussed and analyzed. Finally， the future development perspectives of carbon-encapsulated iron-based electrocatalysts in the applications of ZABs are put forward.

1，3-Propanediol is an important chemical material， and the production of 1，3-propanediol by biological fermentation often produces 2，3-butanediol， which limits the further industrial application of bio-based 1，3-propanediol. 1，3-Propanediol and 2，3-butanediol have strong hydrophilicity， which makes it difficult to separate in low-concentration fermentation broth. ZIF-71 containing group —Cl （hydrophobicity and large polarizability） is selected to adsorb and separate 2，3-butanediol/1，3-propanediol from dilute aqueous solutions since 2，3-butanediol has a longer carbon chain and larger polarizability than 1，3-propanediol. The results show that the binary competitive adsorption capacity of ZIF-71 for 2，3-butanediol is 123.6 mg/g， the binary competitive separation selectivity for 2，3-butanediol/1，3-propanediol is up 7.6 and is better than Beta. In the three-cycle adsorption and desorption experiments， ZIF-71 still maintains a stable structure and selective adsorption for 2，3-butanediol. We reveal the separation mechanism of ZIF-71 for 1，3-propanediol and 2，3-butanediol through molecular simulation. The interaction between ZIF-71 and 1，3-propanediol is mainly through weak van der Waals force； while the interaction between ZIF-71 and 2，3-butanediol is through the synergistic effect of strong van der Waals force and weak hydrogen bonding， which causes the selective adsorption of 2，3-butanediol by ZIF-71. Therefore， ZIFs materials are expected to be candidate adsorbents for the selective adsorption and separation of by-product 2，3-butanediol from dilute aqueous solutions， which promotes the industrialization of biological production of 1，3-propanediol.

Among many hydrogen production technologies， electrolysis of water has many obvious advantages， such as environmentally friendly， simple and easy to operate. Industrial-scale hydrogen production is typically carried out at high current density. A great number of H₂ bubbles will generate on the electrode surface during the process of hydrogen production. The aggregation and adhesion of bubbles on the electrode surface will lead to a large number of active sites being covered， resulting in the reduction of the efficiency. Therefore， regulating bubble wetting behavior is crucial for industrial electrolysis of water. In recent years， superaerophobic materials have attracted much attention due to their unique wetting capabilities. Superwetting interface materials can be constructed by controlling the chemical composition of the electrode surface and constructing rough structure at micro and nano scales. This type of material has a superhydrophilic/superaerophobic interface structure， which facilitates the effective infiltration of aqueous electrolyte and accelerates the release of in-situ generated bubbles， thus enhancing the water splitting performance of the catalyst. This paper systematically introduces the water splitting catalysts with superhydrophilic/superaerophobic interfacial structures reported in recent years， outlines the synthetic design strategies and catalytic performance of the catalysts， and the current research status， challenges and application prospects of superwetting water splitting catalysts are summarized and prospected.

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped blue fluorescent carbon dots （NS-CDs） for detection of copper ion in real samples were prepared by the hydrothermal method using citric acid as the carbon source. The structure， composition and optical properties of NS-CDs were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy， X-ray diffraction， infrared absorption spectroscopy， X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy， and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that the NS-CDs have amorphous carbon structure， high dispersibility， and its particle size is in the range of 0.6～2.2 nm. There are carboxyl， hydroxyl and amide functional groups on NS-CDs′ surfaces. The C， N， O and S element contents of NS-CDs are 54.01%， 24.49%， 19.39% and 2.11%， respectively. NS-CDs show good fluorescence stability for the irradiation by ultraviolet light， pH value， and ionic strength， and the fluorescence quantum yield is 25%. Cu²⁺ could interact with the functional groups on NS-CDs， resulting in the aggregation/network structure and causing quenching of fluorescence intensity. A fluorescence analysis method is established to detect Cu²⁺ with linear ranges of 0~10， 10~50 and 50~100 μmol/L， respectively. The detection limit is achieved as 41 nmol/L （S/N=3）， which meets the Chinese guidelines for Cu²⁺ in soil in Environmental Quality Standard for Soils. The method is successfully applied in detection of Cu²⁺ in soil samples with recoveries of 104.9%~105.6%. The copper ion concentration is 2.55 μmol/L. The method is rapid， sensitive and highly selective for detection of Cu²⁺.

As an emerging material， multifunctional metal-organic framework MIL-88A（Fe） poses a potential application in water treatment. Considering the unique physical and chemical properties of MIL-88A（Fe） （i.e. porous structure， unsaturated metal sites and excellent visible light absorption ability）， MIL-88A（Fe） can heterogeneously combine with other functional materials （i.e. carbon materials， inorganic semiconductor materials） to improve its adsorption and catalytic performance. This paper reviews the application of MIL-88A（Fe） and its composites as adsorbents and catalysts in water treatment. The mechanism of adsorption removal of pollutants in water by MIL-88A（Fe） and its composites （especially heavy metal ions） is summarized， and the reaction mechanism for degradation of organic pollutants in water by MIL-88A（Fe） and its composites in photocatalytic technology， Fenton-like technology， peroxydisulfate advanced oxidation technology and ozone-catalytic technology is introduced. It is pointed out that the MIL-88A（Fe）-based functional materials have problems such as narrow applicable pH range and difficulty in recycling in the process of wastewater treatment. Future research needs to optimize the preparation condition of MIL-88A（Fe） to improve the yield and ensure the regular morphology， small size and high crystallinity of MIL-88A（Fe）， improve the stability of MIL-88A（Fe） by surface coating technology， and enhance the recycling performance of MIL-88A（Fe） by endowing its magnetic property. In addition， according to the structure of the target organic pollutants and water quality condition， it is necessary to reasonably adjust the degradation contribution of the free radical pathway and the non-radical pathway to the target pollutant in the MIL-88A（Fe）-based advanced oxidation process， thus achieving the best decontamination effect.

Lead， as a heavy metal， is widely used in industrial production， which has a significant impact on the environment and human health. The development of lead ion detection strategies is necessary in recent research areas. Compared with traditional detection methods， the fluorescence method has the advantages of high sensitivity and good selectivity. Therefore， the fluorescence method is often used for qualitative or quantitative analysis of heavy metal ions in actual samples such as water bodies. This review summarizes the research progress on fluorescence detection of lead ions， including fluorescent dyes， fluorescent nanomaterials and fluorescent biomaterials even fluorescent proteins. In addition， an outlook of future development trends and challenges of fluorescence detection is also prospected.

Carbon-coated silica （SiO₂） and molybdenum carbide （Mo₂C） particles are prepared by sol-gel method using tetraethyl silicate， ammonium molybdate and sucrose as silicon， molybdenum and carbon sources， respectively. The phase composition， morphology and structure of the composite are characterized by means of X-ray diffractometer， transmission electron microscope and other instruments， and the electrochemical performance of the composite as a negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries is also studied. The results show that when the mass ratio of tetraethyl silicate， ammonium molybdate and sucrose is 3∶1∶2 （denoted as SiO₂/Mo₂C/C 2）， it has good electrochemical performance when it is used as the negative electrode material of lithium ion battery. At the current density of 100 mA/g， the first charge and discharge specific capacities are 662 mA·h/g and 896 mA·h/g， respectively， and the reversible capacity can still reach 625 mA·h/g after 200 cycles. Even at a larger current density of 2 A/g， the reversible capacity can still reach 272 mA·h/g. The composite exhibits good rate performance and cycling stability， which is mainly attributed to the good stability and high electrical conductivity of Mo₂C which can effectively improve the poor conductivity of SiO₂ itself. The core material directly reacts with the electrolyte to generate by-products， and in addition， it can be used as a buffer layer to slow down the volume expansion of SiO₂， so the electrochemical performance of the material is significantly improved during the charging and discharging process. The new idea of ??using transition metal carbides to modify the poor conductivity and cycle performance of SiO₂ proposed here can provide new research ideas and broaden the research direction for the modification of other anode materials.

Rubidium is a rare alkali metal with high economic value and promising applications， and it is of great importance to effectively extract rubidium from brines. A novel rubidium （Rb⁺） adsorbent （KCuFC-PCG） is prepared by synthesizing a hydrogel matrix （polyacrylamide/carboxymethylcellulose/graphene oxide hydrogel， PCG） immobilized with copper ferrocyanide （KCuFC） by thermal initiation polymerization. The structure and properties of KCuFC-PCG are characterized by physicochemical methods. The effects of pH， contact time， initial mass concentration of Rb⁺， temperature and competing ions on the adsorption are investigated by batch adsorption experiments. The results show that the KCuFC-PCG adsorbent exhibits good adsorption capacity in the pH range （5～9）， with the best performance at pH=8. The adsorption equilibrium can be reached at 6 h under the conditions of 5 mg/L Rb⁺ and pH=8， and the adsorption capacity of KCuFC-PCG is 89.12 mg/g. The kinetic behavior can be described by a quasi-secondary kinetic model， indicating that the adsorption process is dominated by chemisorption. The adsorption process is in accordance with the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model， and it is a single molecular layer adsorption with a maximum adsorption capacity of 258.4 mg/g. The desorption rate is 77% at 3 h with 0.2 mol/L NH₄Cl as desorbent.

Metal-organic frameworks （MOFs） as a kind of inorganic-organic hybrid materials have potential applications in many fields due to their diverse structures and unique functionalities. In particular， liquid phase epitaxial layered MOFs films （called SURMOFs films， SURMOFs） have attracted much attention due to their controllable thickness， optimal growth orientation and uniform surface. This article summarizes the liquid phase epitaxy （LPE） layers of assembly MOFs thin film technology and methods， such as layer-by-layer （LBL） dipping method， LBL pump method， layer spray method and LBL spin coating method. The article also introduces the classical SURMOF layers of HKUST-1 assembly strategy and its related applications in photoluminescence， photochromic， photocatalytic and electrocatalysis. As one of the classical MOF materials， HKUST-1 has a wide range of applications in photoelectric field， and it has the unique properties： it can be used as a luminous carrier to achieve good optical properties； it has the advantage of unique Cu catalytic active site and can effectively degrade pollutants； it has potential applications in electronic devices because of its dielectric properties. Since SURMOF HKUST-1 has unique properties in many fields， it also faces some challenges： it needs to simplify the process of film synthesis； the structure of thin films and the mechanism of electrocatalysis also need further study； methods for reducing HKUST-1 internal resistance which can increase the conductivity also need to be improved. SURMOFs still has a long way to go for large-scale industrial applications and expansion to other unexplored areas.

Photocatalysis has shown a great potential as a low-cost， environmentally friendly and sustainable treatment technology. However， limitations in incident light utilization and charge separation are major drawbacks that restrict the activity of current semiconductors. Coinage metal nanoclusters have been increasingly explored recently as photocatalytic material due to ultra-small size （<2 nm）， separated energy level and tunable electronic structures. Meanwhile， it is an ideal model for exploring the photocatalytic mechanism at the atomic level because of its atomically precise structure. This review provides an overview of photocatalytic reactions based on coinage metal nanoclusters， including water splitting for hydrogen production， organic pollutant degradation， and aerobic oxidation of amines to imines. By discussing strategies to tailor the photocatalytic properties of coinage metal nanoclusters， the development potential of coinage metal nanocluster photocatalysts are prospected.

Rice starch particles have small and uniform particle size， good dispersibility in water and film-forming property， and can be degraded in nature. At present， starch is widely used in food packaging， medical dressings and cosmetics industries. Using rice starch as raw material， sodium hydroxide as paste， glycerol as plasticizer and citric acid as crosslinking agent and solution pH regulator， starch film was prepared by tape casting. By measuring the morphology of starch particles， the gelatinization conditions of starch particles， gelatinization temperature， apparent viscosity and pH value of starch solution， mechanical properties， light transmittance and potassium glycyrrhizinate release performance of starch film tostudy the gelatinization conditions of rice starch， the effects of mass fractions of citric acid， starch and glycerol on the properties of starch film and the release of carrier substances. The results show that the rice starch used in this paperexists in the state of dispersed particles， and the gelatinization temperature ranges from 82.5 to 100.8 ℃.Citric acid interacts with starch molecules in the process of starch film formation， and can adjust the pH value of the solution to adapt to human skin. When the concentration of starch in the starch film becomes higher， the hardness after film formation is greater. The higher the concentration of glycerol， the better the elongation at break of starch film and the worse the tensile strength. In addition， the transmittance of starch film is the best when the concentration is 3.0%， which with good light transmittance has low crystallinity. Finally， the starch film prepared in this paper can contain the effective substance dipotassium glycyrrhizinate， which can be used as a skin repair film in cosmetics.

In the context of the development of new energy sources to reduce carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutralization， power batteries represented by lithium-ion batteries are given higher expectations. The development of electrode materials with high capacity， high multiplicity and high stability is a key step to achieve this goal. Graphite cathodes and silicon carbon cathodes are relatively mature at present， and maintain their respective advantages. Black phosphorus has two-dimensional layered structure and high lithium potential， which shows outstanding advantages in realizing extremely fast charging， but there are also some problems such as volume expansion. In view of the problems of black phosphorus anode， researchers studied the optimization from various dimensions， including structure optimization， surface interface optimization and the pre-lithiation strategy. In this paper， the possibility that black phosphorus can be used as anode electrode of extremely fast charging lithium ion battery is demonstrated， the optimization progress of black phosphorus negative electrode is then reviewed， and its own views and suggestions are put forward. The challenges and development direction of black phosphorus anode electrode are pointed out， and the development prospect of black phosphorus anode electrode is prospected.

Graphene quantum dots （GODs） are a kind of novel carbon-based zero-dimensional materials， which can be regarded as extremely small graphene fragments. GQDs possess unique 2D structure， quantum confinement effect and edge effect， which is similar to graphene materials. GQDs have many advantages， such as unique photoluminescence property， low toxicity， high fluorescent stability and high biocompatibility， which result in extensive applications of GQDs， including detection， sensing， catalysis， cellular-imaging， drug delivery and pollution control. The synthesis methods of GQDs could be divided into top-down and bottom-up. The mechanism of the top-down method is cutting large-size materials like graphene， graphite and carbon materials into smaller sizes to obtain GQDs， while the mechanism of the bottom-up method is synthesizing GQDs using different precursors through the hydrothermal method or pyrolysis. Citric acid （CA） is a kind of the most popular precursors used in synthesis of GQDs through the bottom-up method. In the recent years， lots of research related to synthesis of GQDs by using CA as precursors are published. In this study， many CA-based synthesis methods of heterogeneous GQDs and their applications are introduced.

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks?8 （ZIF?8） is a kind of porous material with large specific surface area and strong stability， which is widely used in gas storage， separation， catalysis and other fields. In this work， the effect of different reaction conditions， such as the molar ratio of Zn²⁺ to 2?methylimidazole， the amount of surfactant and the reaction solvents， on the size and morphology of ZIF?8 were reported. Among these conditions， the molar ratio of Zn²⁺ to 2?methylimidazole is the key factor affecting the size and morphology of ZIF?8. The synthesized ZIF?8 nanoparticles were characterized by SEM， BET and XRD. The size of ZIF?8 decreases gradually from 1500 nm to 850 nm then to 250 nm， and the morphology changes from truncated hexahedron to truncated dodecahedron and finally to dodecahedron. The specific surface area of ZIF?8 nanoparticles with a particle size of 250 nm is 1730 m²/g， and the pore size and pore volume are 1.5 nm and 0.6 cm³/g， respectively. Therefore， it can be seen that ZIF?8 nanoparticles with a particle size of 250 nm have excellent carrier characteristics. The impregnation method was further adopted to synthesize the supported catalyst， and boron ammonia was used as the reducing agent. The ZIF?8 （250 nm）nanoparticles were loaded with metals/precious metal nanoparticles in situ， the component optimization and catalytic performance were further studied. The obtained catalyst ZIF?8/Pt_0.002@Ni_0.2 shows excellent performance in hydrogen generation from aminoborane.

Posaconazole， as the second generation of triazole antifungal drugs， has a wide antifungal spectrum and strong antibacterial activity. It is widely used in clinical practice. However， it has been eight years since its publication before it is approved in China. In order to better understand posaconazole， a first-line drug with great clinical demand， this paper summarizes the pharmacokinetics， pharmacological properties， clinical application and synthetic route of posaconazole in the literature at home and abroad. It is hoped that it can fill the gap in the domestic API market， break the current situation that the API is completely dependent on import， and provide a useful reference for the industrial R & D.

Portulaca oleracea L. （PO） contains various active chemicals. PO is a medicine and food homologous to traditional Chinese medicine， which has high medicinal and edible value. In recent years， it has been widely used in the field of the chemical industry， especially in the field of cosmetics. Cosmetic companies have developed facial masks， essence， skin care water， cleanser and other cosmetic products that have been added the active ingredient extracted from PO. However， the related commercial cosmetics of PO mainly contain the ethanol extracts， while there are few cosmetic products involving its aqueous extracts， such as polysaccharide and polyphenol. The emergence of new dosage forms has enriched the research on the percutaneous delivery system of PO in cosmetics， and new carriers such as liposomes， delivery bodies， and β-cyclodextrins can be developed in the future. The chemical composition， function， mechanism， and application of Portulaca oleracea in cosmetics are summarized， and some suggestions and prospects are put forward on the development and application of Portulaca oleracea in cosmetics.

The glass spheres are chemically etched to produce nano-pores on the surface， on which amorphous organotitanium polymer is prepared by the solvothermal method. The structures and optoelectronic properties of the materials are characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）， X-ray diffraction （XRD）， inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy （ICP-AES）， ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy （UV-Vis）， fluorescence spectroscopy （PL）， organic element analysis （OEA）， ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy （UPS）， fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and so on. The supported amorphous organotitanium polymer exhibits an obvious absorption of visible light， and the fluorescence intensity is much lower than that of NH₂-MIL-125（Ti）， indicating more stable photogenerated electrons. In the photocatalysis of CO₂ with a 300 W xenon lamp as light source， the methanol yield reaches 941.6 μmol over the supported organotitanium polymer within 4 h of illumination， and the corresponding turnover frequency （TOF） is 46.4 h^－1. For comparison， NH₂-MIL-125（Ti）， consisting of the same organic ligands and metal ions， is prepared for the photocatalysis of CO₂. A TOF of only 0.28 h^－1 is obtained under the same performance conditions. Under the same conditions， the TOF of P25_{is 0.019 h^－1. Upon heat treatment， it shows that the glass spheres as the carrier have an obvious protective effect on the chemical stability of the organotitanium polymer. After treatment at 300 ℃， the supported organotitanium polymer exhibits a relatively stable photocatalytic performance. Comparatively， the methanol yield over the heat treated NH2-MIL-125（Ti） is decreased by 54%， as the result of the destruction of chemical structure and crystal structure.}

Heavy metals are difficult to biodegrade and pose a serious threat to the environment and human life and health. Hence， the detection and treatment of heavy metal pollution is vital. In recent years， electrochemical methods for the detection of heavy metal ions have become a research hotspot in the field of heavy metal detection because of their high sensitivity， fast analysis speed and the ability to detect multiple metal ions simultaneously. This paper reviews the detection principles and development status of common electrochemical detection methods， and describes the detection effects of potentiometric analysis， potentiometric stripping analysis and voltammetry by introducing the parameters of linear range， detection limit and recovery. Finally， the review outlines the advantages and disadvantages of various methods， and points out the future research directions in order to provide a basis for the application of electrochemical sensors.

Polyethylene （PE） and aluminium oxide （AO） are fused to prepare PE/AO composites with better comprehensive properties. The effect of AO mass fraction on the structure and properties of the composites is investigated by rheological analysis， thermodynamic analysis， mechanical analysis， thermal conductivity analysis and section microstructure analysis. The results show that the elastic modulus， yield strength， thermal conductivity and energy storage modulus of the composite gradually become brittle with the increase of AO mass fraction. When the AO mass fraction is 10%， the fracture strength of the composite is 18.2 MPa， and the comprehensive performance is the best.

Zeolite molecular sieves are indispensable catalysts in many industrial processes. Among them， Beta zeolite has become one of the most widely produced zeolite materials with industrial significance because of its three-dimensional macroporous structure. Compared with the traditional Beta zeolite， the hierarchical Beta zeolite has many advantages such as smaller steric hindrance， higher mass transfer efficiency and so on， which can reduce the formation of carbon deposition， prolong the service time of catalyst and improve the utilization efficiency of catalyst. This review introduces the synthesis of hierarchical Beta zeolite in detail from the two strategies of “bottom-up” （direct synthesis） and “top-down” （post modification）. The synthesis of hierarchical Beta zeolite by hard template method， soft template method， mesoporous template method， dealuminization method and desilication method are introduced， and the characteristics of hierarchical Beta zeolite are briefly introduced. The advantages and problems of various synthesis methods are summarized and the future development prospects are also prospected.

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide is refined based on polysulfone hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane separation technology， and the lycium barbarum polysaccharide membrane blocking countercurrent extraction and ultrasonic equipment parameters are corrected by COMSOL software to obtain a better purification process. A microwave-ultrasonic method is used to extract Lycium barbarum polysaccharides， and polysulfone hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes are used to separate Lycium barbarum polysaccharides. Single factor analysis and orthogonal experiments are used to investigate the important parameters in the extraction and separation process of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides. The important membrane blocking parameters are corrected by the COMSOL software. The optimal process conditions for the extraction of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides are： the extraction temperature between 50~70 ℃， ultrasonic power 50 W， solid-liquid ratio 1∶8~1∶12， and extraction time 40~60 min. When the ultrafiltration membrane relative molecular weight cut-off is 1×10⁴， the membrane flux is better. The orthogonal experiment results show that the membrane flux has the largest relationship with the temperature of the feed liquid， followed by the membrane pH value and separation operating pressure. COMSOL software performs continuous countercurrent extraction equipment for Lycium barbarum polysaccharides and the calculations show that compared with fully enclosed blades， perforated blades can significantly reduce the solvent short-circuit phenomenon and increase the minimum flow rate by up to 65 times. The COMSOL software performs simulation calculations on the ultrasonic equipment. When the double ultrasonic transducers are axially separated by 12 cm， the axis crosses 90（°） and the power is set to 50 W， the regional mass transfer flux can be significantly increased. Based on the revision of COMSOL software data， the separation efficiency of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides has been greatly improved， which provides necessary data accumulation for the industrial production of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in the future.

Recently， the use of computational methods such as Molecular Dynamics （MD） simulations and Hansen Solubility Parameters （HSPs） to study the behavior of small molecule gelators has attracted much attention. MD simulation is a computational method based on classical mechanics and is one of the preferred techniques for understanding the process of small molecule gelators. The MD simulation can more accurately analyze the gelation trend or assembly behavior of small molecule gelators， dynamically and graphically display the self-assembly process， effectively reveal the relationship between the structure of small molecule gelators and related gelation behavior， and quantitatively analyze non-covalent bond interactions such as hydrogen bonds， π-π stacking， van der Waals interactions， ionic bonding and solvophobic interactions. By performing molecular dynamics simulations on known gelators/non-gelators， parameters related to gelation behavior in the simulated data are extracted， and the linear correlation is measured by fitting the Pearson correlation coefficient to finally predict the gelation behavior of a certain class of small molecules. On the other hand， the empirical model developed according to the HSPs is the most representative， which consists of the energy of dispersion interaction （δ_d）， the energy of polar interaction （δ_p） and H-bonding energy （δ_h） between molecules. These three parts determine the coordinate point of the three-dimensional space （Hansen space）. According to the range of the point， it can be determined whether the organic small molecule can form a gel in a specific solvent. In this paper， representative works published recently in the field of organic small molecule gels by using MD simulations and empirical models are reviewed. Some comments on the assembly behavior of gelators， the regulation and prediction of non-covalent bond interactions on gelation ability are made.

Continuous cyclic enrichment of Cl^- in mother liquor of ammonium sulfate causes serious corrosion of equipment， while also affecting the crystallization and quality of ammonium sulfate. Dechlorination of the mother liquor of ammonium sulfate is investigated using calcium aluminum sulfate and desulfurized ash aluminum approach. A sieving approach is used to analyze the crystal size， scanning electron microscope is used to characterize the crystal size and morphology， and X-ray diffraction is used to analyze the crystal phase. The results show that the optimal dechlorination agent dosage is 3.0 g calcium sulfate and 0.8 g sodium metaaluminate， 3.0 g desulfurization ash and 0.8 g sodium metaaluminate， corresponding to dechlorination rates of 31.70% and 36.38%， respectively. At a rate of 200 r/min and a reaction temperature of 75 ℃， the addition of two dechlorinating agents causes the ρ（Cl^-） to drop rapidly. The reaction of Cl^- with Ca²⁺ and AlO₂^- forms insoluble calcium aluminum chloride compounds. Excessive NaAlO₂ causes double hydrolysis， dissociates OH^-， and inhibits the reaction of Cl^- with Ca²⁺ and AlO₂^-， resulting in a decrease in the rate of Cl^- removal. The calcium aluminum chloride compound forms using the calcium aluminum sulfate approach will adhere to the crystal grains′ active surface， thereby increasing the width of the ammonium sulfate crystal metastable zone， inhibiting the crystal′s normal growth， and reducing the number of crystals； the impurity metal in the desulfurization gray aluminum method can OH^- consumption and reduction of the width of the metastable zone of ammonium sulfate crystals， containing a large amount of SO₄^2- increases the amount of ammonium sulfate crystals， but reduce the crystal purity. The results of related studies can be used as a reference for reducing ammonia desulfurization equipment corrosion and enhancing ammonium sulfate crystallization.

This paper firstly briefly explains the development opportunities of hydrogen energy from three aspects of energy resources， CO₂ emission reduction and large-scale energy storage. Subsequently， some challenges faced by the development of hydrogen energy are introduced， and they are also the bottleneck of hydrogen energy development. If these problems are not solved， it is difficult for hydrogen energy to be industrialized. Therefore， focusing on hydrogen production， storage and transportation， infrastructure， key equipment， safety and other fields， this paper introduces the research status and the latest trends in the world， further explains some specific problems and technologies， and gives some directions and technical indicators. In addition， some diversified suggestions for the application of hydrogen energy are also put forward and can be used as a reference for industrial development.

Sulfuric acid， nitric acid， phosphoric acid and perchloric acid are usually used as catalysts for the preparation of organic peroxides. Due to the corrosion of strong acid to the equipment， the catalyst can not be reused， the amount of waste water after treatment is large， and the post-treatment cost is very high. The preparation of organic peroxides with heterogeneous catalysts has been paid more and more attention. Heterogeneous catalysts have the advantages of high activity， good stability and reusability， simple post-treatment， less equipment corrosion， and less environmental pollution. In this paper， on the basis of a brief introduction of the homogeneous preparation process of organic peroxides， the heterogeneous catalysts for the preparation of organic peroxides， including ion exchange resins， molecular sieves， phase transfer catalysts， metal oxides， polymer carrier catalysts and carbon-based support catalysts are summarized. The reactors and preparation processes are discussed， and the development direction of heterogeneous catalytic synthesis of organic peroxides is described. The study has strong reference value and guiding significance for understanding the progress in the preparation of organic compounds by heterogeneous catalysis， developing heterogeneous catalysts with excellent performance， and optimizing the production process of organic peroxides.

The low-k dielectric materials with their low mechanical strength and high porosity for advanced IC processes pose great challenges in barrier CMP slurries， requiring favorable advantages in high removal rate， adjustability， lower surface defects and improved edge over erosion （EOE）. In this paper， the effects of polyether amines on the removal rate and defects toward low-k materials are studied. The results show that the removal rate of low-k material decreases by 68%~85%， the number of residual particles on the surface of low-k material decreases by 80%， and EOE decreases by 2/3， which meets the requirements of advanced technology for barrier CMP slurries.

The greenhouse effect caused by the continuous increase of carbon dioxide concentration has caused a series of ecological and environmental problems such as extreme weather and melting of glaciers around the world. In order to reduce carbon dioxide content and improve the adverse impact of climate warming， it is urgent to develop efficient， green and safe processing technologies and promote the sustainable development of carbon resource cycle. Molten salt ionic liquid， as a good electrochemical conversion medium， provides a promising technical route for carbon dioxide reduction. The research on the capture and electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide in high-temperature molten salt at home and abroad in recent years is reviewed， and the electrochemical and thermodynamic mechanisms of molten salt electrodeposited carbon are briefly described. The preparation of high value-added carbon materials with different morphologies： amorphous carbon， carbon spheres and carbon nanotubes are summarized， and finally the future development direction is prospected.

Under an external voltage， the optical properties （e.g. color， transmittance， etc.） of electrochromic materials can controllably and reversibly be changed， which has an important application prospects in the fields of energy conservation and emission reduction. With the continuous innovation and development of related research， the single-component electrochromic materials cannot show the expected electrochromic properties due to the limitations of their own structure and performance， and cannot be designed and regulated in their structure and performance， so it is increasingly unable to meet the needs of practical applications. Comparing with the non-composite electrochromic materials， the composite materials have obvious advantages in this aspect. Through the reasonable material design and with the coordination of each component， the core competitiveness of the composite materials is mainly represented by the electrochromic materials with excellent structure and performance can be obtained by stimulating the advantages and overcoming the disadvantages of each component. Therefore， more and more research focus on the composite electrochromic materials in recent years. At present many kinds of composite electrochromic materials have been researched， which mainly can be divided into three categories as inorganic-inorganic composite， organic-inorganic composite and organic-organic composite according to whether the composite components are inorganic or organic materials. Compared with the organic electrochromic materials， the inorganic electrochromic materials have significant advantages in material composition control， mechanical properties， optical modulation， service stability， life and other aspects. Therefore， either the single-component or the composite inorganic electrochromic materials have always been an important direction of research in this field. Hence， this paper devotes to the research status and development tendency of the inorganic-inorganic composite electrochromic materials， devices and electrolytes， including the research progress， the existing problems and the development trend. It will provide a basis for the further development and application of composite electrochromic materials.

In proton exchange membrane fuel cells， cost， performance and durability are important issues that are need to be resolved before commercialization. The main reason for fuel cell performance degradation during operation is the loss of electrochemical surface area during long-term aging or transient. These losses mainly come from the degradation of the catalyst metal and the corrosion of the carbon support. This is a continuous and irreversible process that will greatly shorten the service life of the fuel cell. In order to explore this problem， 20% （mass fraction） Pt/C catalyst is prepared based on carbon carrier etched by sulfuric acid. The morphology characterization test shows that it is uniformly dispersed and uniform in particle size， which is considered as an excellent material for long-term oxygen reduction （ORR） stability test. Next， the ORR stability test method with different cyclic voltammetry （CV） cycles is used to observe its performance degradation， and a series of physical characterizations， e.g. transmission electron microscopy （TEM）， high-resolution electron microscopy （HRTEM）， X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and Raman spectroscopy （Raman）， are used to further intuitively analyzed the attenuation mechanism. It is reported that the reasons for the degradation of the stability of Pt/C catalysts are mainly from the dissolution， agglomeration， oxidation and migration of Pt particles and the corrosion of carbon supports. This study elucidates the source of the impact on the stability of fuel cells during operation， and provides a reference for designing high-stability commercial ORR catalysts.

Layered transition metal oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries have the characteristics of low price and high specific capacity， which is an important support for energy transition in the future and has great development potential. In the process of charging and discharging， the typical layered oxide cathode materials with the most promising development and application will produce a series of changes affecting their electrochemical properties with the insertion and extration of sodium-ion. Therefore， the modification of cathode materials is particularly important. The current mainstream failure mechanism， modification methods， challenges and key problems to be solved in the future development are summarized and put forward.

Metal-organic frameworks （MOFs） material， as a new multifunctional material， has attracted more and more attention in the field of water treatment of catalytic activation in advanced oxidation technology， due to its high surface area， adjustable pore structure， excellent thermal and chemical stability. This paper focuses on the research progress of activating persulfate by MOFs-based catalyst in the field of water treatment in recent five years. In this paper， various MOFs-based catalyst and their common synthesis methods in persulfate activation are introduced. Then， the oxidation mechanisms of MOFs-based catalyst during the activation of persulfate are summarized； the common modification methods of MOFs-based catalyst are introduced. Finally， some suggestions for the future research direction of activated persulfate by MOFs-based catalyst are put forward. This review will help to deepen the understanding of MOFs-based catalyst activating persulfate to degrade organic pollutants， and provide theoretical reference for the development of new heterogeneous MOFs-based catalysts based on PS activation.

Uranium is an efficient and clean fuel for nuclear energy， but it inevitably produces uranium-containing wastewater in the nuclear industry. If it is not treated in time and leaked into the environment， it will pose a threat to the health of animals， plants and human beings. Therefore， the separation process of U（Ⅵ） in aqueous solution is urgent based on the perspective of energy recovery and environmental protection. Adsorption techniques have especially attracted attentions because of their advantages on feasibility， efficiency and simple operation. As an ideal adsorbent， functionalized mesoporous silica material has the advantages of large specific surface area， high pore capacity and adsorption capacity. It has a wide range of applications in the field of adsorption and separation for uranium. In this paper， the characterization and adsorption mechanism of U（?Ⅵ?） adsorption in aqueous solutions at home and abroad are reviewed on the basis of functionalized mesoporous silica preparation methods， combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy， Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy， X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy， X-ray energy spectrum analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Although there have been encouraging and potential developments in functionalized mesoporous silica adsorbed uranium， the design and mass production of novel multifunctional adsorbents for applications in actual environments remain challenging.

The demand of biomimetic underwater adhesives in biomedical and engineering applications is getting larger and larger. However， most of the reported preparation methods of biomimetic adhesives usually require complex chemical coupling or modification， and expensive constructing motifs. In this study， we develop a simple and economical construction strategy for the preparation of underwater adhesives using low-cost procyanidins （PA） extracted from grape seed and commercial polyethylene glycol oligomers （PEG） as building blocks， and realize the formation of biomimetic adhesives initiated by hydrogen bonding interaction. The adhesive can adhere to different substrates in both air and underwater， and can be reused at least three times. In addition， the PA/PEG adhesives are easy to prepare， have good antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. The PA/PEG adhesives could be widely used for pharmaceutical applications due to simple preparation， reusability， broad spectrum adhesion and antibacterial activity.

In order to improve the utilization ratio of pesticides and reduce the harm of pesticides to the environment， nano loss control chlorpyrifos （NLCC） is fabricated by loading chlorpyrifos （CPF） on attapulgite （ATP）. The loss control effect of ATP on CPF is studied by filter paper and sugarcane leaves and the interaction of NLCC system is studied by SEM， FT-IR， XRD， and so on. Furthermore， the loss control effect of ATP on CPF is also investigated by field test. These results show that ATP could adsorb CPF by hydrogen bonds and the adhesion amount of CPF before and after rainfall increases by 5.4 μg and 5.6 μg， respectively. The maximum loading amount of attapulgite to chlorpyrifos is 500 mg/g. In addition， the mortality of corn borers increases by 20% respectively. Moreover， the field test also shows that NLCC could reduce 21% of sugarcane damaged by pests， 4.3% of sugarcane stalks damaged by pests， and the wormholes of 2 per plant and increase the height by 23.1 cm. These results indicate that NLCC could effectively reduce pests and promote the growth of sugarcane. Therefore， this study provides a simple and practical method for reducing pesticide loss， improving pesticide utilization rate， and decreasing environmental pollution， which has a high application value for the development of green agriculture.

Urea as an effective hydrogen carrier can be used in urea electrolysis （UE） for hydrogen production and direct urea fuel cells （DUFC）. In urea electrolysis， the coupling of urea oxidation reaction （UOR） at the anode and hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） at the cathode to produce hydrogen is more cost-effective than water electrolysis， with energy consumption reduced by about 30% and economic cost reduced by about 36%. In the direct urea fuel cells， urea as fuel at the anode and coupled with oxygen reduction at the cathode can convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. As the basis of these two energy conversion technologies， UOR has received more and more attention. This review discusses the reaction principle and performance description parameters of UOR in alkaline electrolytes and introduces the application of UOR in UE and DUFC. Attention is also given to the principles of UE and DUFC and the development status of some catalysts， and finally， the challenges faced in the development of UE and DUFC are also commented. Hopefully， this review will be helpful for understanding the basics of UE and DUFC.