Hydrothermal treatment was successfully used to prepare pure nanocrystalline ZnS and CdS from respective amorphous sulfides. XRD indicated that both products were of cubic phase. The electron microscopy image showed that the average particle size of ZnS and CdS was about 7 nm and 5 nm respectively. The ZnS and CdS powders have narrow particle size distribution and ZnS possesses good IR transmittance in the range of 400 to 5000 cm ^-1.

Nanometer-sized zinc oxide was synthesized by five different procedures without any surface activating agents. Their structures were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction,transmission electron microscope,infrared spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure. The shape of ZnO grains is spheric and their diameter ranges from 10 nm to 80 nm. The influences of synthesis type,reaction conditions,processing procedures of inter mediates, thermodecomposition conditions on the grain size were discussed.

The chitosan/polyether semi-IPN hydrogel based on glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan and polyether interpenetrating polymer network(semi-IPN) has been prepared.The physical state of water in the semi-IPN hydrogel swollen in distilled water or PH=l.25 buffer solution was studied with differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Infrared spectroscopy was also used to provide information on the interactions of water molecules with the gel network.

Ten N-phenylacetyl- N'-arylthioureas were synthesized using phase transfer cata-lyst PEG-400 under ultrasonic irradiation.Their structures were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR and elemental analysis.The method has advantages of good yield, short reactiontime, easy operation and mild reaction conditions.

Poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(propylene carbonate)blends are prepared by methods of solution and melting,and are proved immiscible by DSC,but their immiscibility degrees are affected by molccular weight and blending ratio.PVC content in PPC-rich phase in solution blends is calculated according to glass transition temperature( T_g).As coupling agent, NBR-PPC elastomer has a great compatibility effect on PVC/PPC blends.The amount and molecular weight of PPC influence the mechanical properties of PVC/PPC blends.

This review consists of two parts. The first part presented here emphasizes the synthesis,chain structure, doping, morphological and crystal structure of polyaniline. The secondpart will be issued on the next number this Journal with the emphasis on the electronicphenomena, conducting mechanism, properties and applications of polyaniline.

Quantum chemistry parameters of ethylenedicarboxylic acids and their esters were calculated with complete neglect of differential overlap method,and the regression and correlation analyses between the antibacterial activity and molecular structure characteristics of these compounds were given.Results show that the antibacterial activity increases with the increase of hydrophobicity of molecules and decreases with the increase of intramolecular interaction force.The antibacterial bioactivity and antimetabolism are negatively correlated to the energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals.The α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group structure is the antibacterial function domain of these compounds, and the active centers are located at β-carbon and oxygen in carbonyl groups.

Anew spiro ortho carbonate 3,9-di( p-methoxybenzyl) ₁-1,5,7,11-tetroxaspiro[5,5] undecane(1)was prepared. Its cationic polymerization was carried out. The ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and IR data as well as elemental analysis of the obtained polymers indicated that it underwent double ring opening polymerization. The polymerization mechanism was discussed. DSC and IR were used to trace the curing process of epoxy resin with or without this monomer. The effects of curing agent and curing condition on curing reaction were investigated.

Recent advances of polyaniline in electronic phenomena, conducting mechanism, properties and applications are reviewed.

15α,β-unsaturated ketones and 12 2,4-alkadienones were prepared by the ClaisenSchmidt condensation reaction catalyzed by bis(p-methoxyphenyl)telluroxide(BMPTO). Allthe products are E-isomeric as confirmed by their m.p. and IR spectra determinations.

Some organic reactions such as esterification, acetal and ketal formation, etheration andpreparation of alklene by alcohol dehydration have been first studied using zirconium sul-phophenylphosphonate(ZSPP) as catalyst.ZSPP is simple in operation, easy to work up, andhas no waste acidic liquor to drain off during reactions.The catalyst can be reused andregenerated, it is a promising solid acid catalyst

The interaction of RE ions(Ⅲ) with bovine serum albumin(BSA) has been stud-ied by UV spectrometry.It was found that the absorption of BSA at near 280 nm was en-hanced by RE ions.Ultraviolet spectra showed that the coordination atoms of BSA to REions are oxygen atoms, RE ions were coordinated with carboxyl groups of amino acids andcarbonyl groups of the peptide bonds on the out-shell of BSA.

The solid complexes of La, Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho, Er,Tm, Yb, Lu, and Y with 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono(2-ethylhexyl)ester were prepared.FTIR spectra ofthese complexes have been studied and the principal infrared absorption bands have beenassigned for region 4000-100 cm ^-1.The 150 cm ^-1 is believed to be Ln-O stretching vibrationband, and the band near 250 cm ^-1 is the coupling band of COPO, CCPO skeleton torsionvibration with Ln-O bond. The experimental result showed that Ln-O bonds in these rareearth complexes are principally ionic.The FO ₂ coordination with rare carth is in bridging form. A Volymeric model of the complexes is proposed(Fig. la)

Interactions between neodymium, europium and acid dyes, eatiortic dyes, active dyes, and directive dyes have been studied by means of UV, NMR and IR spectrum measurements. The results show that the interaction pattern between rare-earth ions and dyes depends on the molecular structure of dyes. For most of dyes, such as cationic dyes, active dyes, directive dyes and some of acid dyes, coordination does not occur. It is possible to form complex between rare-earth ions and dyes like methyl red under certain conditions, but whether the azo group of the dye participates in the coordination stiU needs further studies. Mordant dyes, like Chrome Black AC, possessing strong coordination ability, can form complex with rare-earth ions as the mordant dyes do with Cr(Ⅲ).

Polysiloxane-acrylic composite latexes having core-shell structure were prepared stepwisely by seeded emulsion polymerization.The effects of emulgent's coverage extent on latex particle surface,addition method of emulgent and ratio of mononiers on the formationof latex particles were investigated.The results showed that the emulgent amotint on theparticle surface of polysiloxane emulsions played an important role on the formation of the latex particles having core-shell structure.When the emulgent coverage on the surface ofpolysiloxane particles vvas less 40%,the polysiloxane-acrylic latexes where most particlespossess core-shell structure may be produced.

The Knoevenagel cond ensa tion of aromatic aldehydes with ethyl cyanoacetate orcyanoacetamide has been carried out smoothly in the presence of potassium fluoride on alumi-na in high yield of products,and only the E isomers of the products were obtained.

A new type lumincscent material, benzoic acid-terbium complexes are investigated by absorption, infrared, fluorescence and timc-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. In the presence of Tb ion the fluorescence intensitics of benzoic acid (At) and its derivatives, 4-hydroxylbcnzoic acid (A2), 3-hydroxylbenzoic acid (A3), 2-hydroxylbenzoic acid(A4), markedly decreassed; and the fluorescence lifetime of acids remained unchanged. It is a typical example of static quenching process. The fluorescence intensity of acid-terbium complexes changes dramatically according to their structure, bonding strength and intramolecular encrgy transfer efficiency. The influences of solvents and pH value arc discussed also.

Structural studies of poly(ether ether ketone ketone) and poly(ether biphenyl ether ketone ketone) copolymers by means of SAXS and one dimensional electron density correlation function methods revealed that the structure of the aggregated state of copolymers depended closely on the biphenyl content(n _b) in the copolymers. When n _b=0.35,the invariant Q,long period L,average crystal lamellae d and electron density difference η _c-η _a(obtained by SAXS analysis) and the degree of crystallinity W _c,x gave minimum values, but the specific inner surfaces O _s possessed maximum values.

Phaseselective gelation of mixed un-miscible solvents is of great importance considering its applications in purification and separation, particularly in the recovery of spilled oil and in the purification of water. Gelators with phase-selective gelation properties could be polymers, micro- nano-particles or low-molecular mass gelators(LMMGs). Compared with former two kinds of gelators, gelation using LMMGs as gelators is always reversible. Such reversibility could add additional advantages to practical applications of the gel systems. Progress in the studies of LMMGs with phase-selective gelation properties is reviewed according to the structures of the relevant gelators. Furthermore, prospectives of the studies and the potential applications of the phaseselective gelation phenomenon are also presented.

Core/shell type acrylic-polyurethane hybrid microemulsions in which polyurethaneas the shell and acrylic polymer as the core were prepared successfully.Different cross-link-ing structures between core and shell can be formed by introducing hydroethyl acrylate andadipoyl dihydrazine at the ends of the polyurethane chains.The photon correlation spec-troscopy studies revealed that the mean particle size of the emulsions were smaller than 200nm.The particle morphology results revealed the core/shell structure of the uncross-linkingtype microemulsions and interpenetrating networks of the cross-linking type microemulsions.

The anti-tumor effects of the polymer-paclitaxel conjugate micelles and free paclitaxel on H22 liver cancer bearing mice were evaluated. After 10 days drug administration, the tumor volume inhibition rates(VIR) of free paclitaxel group, polymer-paclitaxel conjugate micelles group at doses of 3 mg/kg, and the micelles group at doses of 6 mg/kg are 22%, 49%, and 67%, respectively. In addition, the tumor weight inhibition rates (WIR) are 29%, 45%, and 47%, respectively. Protein expression results show that paclitaxel micelles group has higher expression of p53 and lower expression of bcl-2. All these results indicate that the anti-tumor effect of polymer-paclitaxel conjugate micelles is stronger than free paclitaxel.

A high water-absorbent polyacrylate was obtained by inverse suspension polymerization using monooctadecyl phosphate as dispersion agent. The polymer particle can be easily obtained by filtering without evaporation of solvent. For polymer particles obtained at optimum conditions the deionized-water absorbability and saline solution absorbability were 580 and 68 mL/per gram polymer, respectively.

The conditions of extraction of tea-polyphenols(TP)from tea dusts by precipitation method using metal ions Ca ²⁺,Mg ²⁺,Ba ²⁺,Fe ³⁺,Zn ²⁺and Al ³⁺ as precipitating agentshave been investigated.The influences of pH value,temperture,time,type and content ofbasic solutions used to regulate the pH value on the extraction rate of TP were examined.Itis shown that the extraction rate of TP could reach 10.5% and the content of the effective ingredients of TP could reach 99.5% by the proposed method.

The reaction of chitosan with 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride in neutral condition gave 2-hydroxyl-3-trimethyl(ammonio)propyl chitosan chloride. The effects of reaction time on the wetting ability were studied. The chitosan derivatives show good hygroscopic property and moisture retentiveness like hyaluronic acid. They have good solubility in water and good compatibility with non-ionic and cationic surfactants.

Diacetals of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)- 11,3-propanediol were prepared by condensation of aldehydes with 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol in benzene. Thev were characterized by ¹H NMR,IR and elemental analysis.

The extraction behavior of trivalent rare-earth ions (except Sc, Pm) in hydrochloric acid solution using a n-octane solution containing his(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid(HBTMPP) was studied. The mean separation factor ( β _z ^z+1) for the system was found to be 3.24. The system showed an advantage of higher selectivity and easier stripping ever that With HEH/EHP. The extraction mechanism for Er(Ⅲ) and Tm(Ⅲ) ions has been investigated by the method,of solpe analysis.The equilibrium constants of the extraction have been calculated and the IR and ¹H NMR spectra of the Er (Ⅲ) complex have been discussed.

2-Carbonylpropionyl (pyridine-4-formyl) hydrazone (H ₂PPPH)has been synthesized by a simple method. It is a weak acid, and the complexation was carried out in the water solution of rare earth carbonates. 13 complexes have general composition of RE ₂(PPFH) ₃·nH ₂O (RE=La～Yb, n=2～3). The structures and properties of the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV spectra, TGA-DTA, molar conductance and ¹H NMR measuramcnts. Eu ₂(PPFH) ₃·3H ₂O was showed to have a certain antitumor activity.

UV-curable epoxy acrylates were prepared by reacting epoxy resin with acrylic acid in the presence of quaternary ammonium salt. The effects of temperature, inhibitors,catalysts and others on the reaction have been examined. The mechanism and the kinetics are discussed. The UV-curing was determined by IR spectra. In the presence of 0.6%～1.2% quaternary ammonium salt at 90～110℃, after 4.5～8 hours, the conversion of the epoxy group achieved over 97% and the paint obtained could be cured fast by UV-light irradiation.

A polyazoester initiator was used to synthesize polystyrene/polyaerylamide (PSt/PAM) block polymers by its consecutive decomposition in styrene(St) and aerylamide(AM). The polymerization behavior of AM in 1,4-dioxane initiated by an azo group-containing styrene prepolymer (prePSt) was investigated, and the factors influencing the conversion of the second monomer and the content of the homopolystyrene were discussed. The PSt/PAM block polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, solubility, IR, DSC, TG and pyrolysis-gas chromatography.

The adsorption of low concentration of free acid by regenerable chitin was followed by electric conductance measurement. The effect of media such as foreign organic solvent on adsorption was discussed. Experimental results shew that the apparent adsorption constants decreases with decreasing dielectric constant(ε)in an adsorption system.

Several derivatives of chitosan were prepared and their adsorption to Cu ²⁺ and Ni ²⁺ was studied,their structure was identified by IR.

Based on the graph theory, a new topological index has been proposed and used in studying the physical and chemical properties of alkanes. It is concluded that this index bears a better stucture selectivity and relativity than other topological indexes.

Forteen novel complexes of lanthanide perchlorate and nitrate with diethylene glycol di(o-hydroxyphenyl) ether (EO ₂(HOP) ₂) (EO=ethylene oxide,HOP=o-hydroxyphenyl) have been synthesized and characterized. Compositions of the complexes were comfirmed as Ln·(ClO ₄) ₃. EO ₂(HOP) ₂·nH ₂O (Ln=La-Eu, n=10; Ln=Gd, Dy-Tm,Y, n=7) ,La ₃(NO ₃) ₉·(EO ₂(HOP) ₂) ₂·3H ₂O and La(ClO ₄) ₃·EO ₂H(OP) ₂·5H ₂O respectively. Some properties of the title coordination compounds were investigated by IR-, UV-Spectra, ¹HNMR and ¹³C NMR.Effects of eounterion, kinds of solvents and terminal group ligand on eomplexation were also discussed.

The beta-zeolites of various crystal size were synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization. The effects of crystal size on the adsorption and diffusion on zeolite have been evaluated and discussed using cyclohexane, n-hexane and benzene as adsorbate.

Ultrafine powders of hydroxides and oxides of thirteen rare earths have been praparedby alcoxide method. The size of the powder particle was less than 0.05μm by TEM observa-tion. The powders obtained from Jight rare earths are different in shapes from those fromheavy rare earths and are easier to be dispersed. XRD determination showed that the ultra-fine powders of some rare earth hydroxides are crystalline, while the powders of the oxidesare all crystalline.

Poly(acrylic salt-acrylamide)as superabsorbents were synthesized by means of inverse suspension polymerization, in which the suspension stabilizer was an amphiphilic copolymer of acrylic acid with its octadecyl ester. Polymerization conditions such as amount of crosslinking monomer, stabilizer, initator, comonomer, neutralization degree of acrylic acid and chain transfer agent on the water-absorbency of the absorbent were studied. The optimum absorbency of the superabsorbent obtained is 1050 mL/g and 86 mL/g in distilled water and 0.9% NaCl solution, respectively. The effect of different counter ions of PAA on the absorbency was also studied.

Ten tribenzyltin dithiocarbamates (PhCH ₂) ₃SnS ₂CR (R:(CH ₂) ₅N—, (CH ₃) ₂N—, (C ₂H ₅) ₂N—, (n-C ₄H ₉) ₂N—, (HOCH ₂CH ₂) ₂N—, (C ₆H ₅)(COCH ₃)N—, (C ₆H ₅)CH ₃N—, (C ₆H ₅) ₂N—, C ₄H ₄N—, (CH ₂) ₂(CO) ₂N—) were synthesized by reacting tribenzyltin chloride with potassium salts of dithiocarbamic acid. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and ¹H NMR spectra.

Some bivalent metal ion complexes of Schiff bases derived from formylformic acid and thiosemicarbazide were synthesized.The composition of the complexes were determined as M(HFFTSC) ₂· nH ₂O(M=Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ), n=2;M=Zn(Ⅱ), n=1;M=Mn(⒓),Pb(1), n=0) and Cu(FFTSC)·H ₂O based on the elemental analysis data and molar conductance measurements.The IR results showed that the ligand behaves as in a tridentate manner.The antibacterial activity of the complexes were examined.