有机小分子荧光探针对肼检测的研究进展

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240328

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肼是一种重要的化学原料，在化工生产中有着重要的应用。然而，肼具有很高的毒性和良好的水溶性，其广泛使用和泄露会给人类健康和环境安全带来潜在的风险。因此，有效监测生物和环境样品中的肼具有重要的意义。有机小分子荧光探针具有灵敏度高、选择性好和响应时间短的特点，能够实现各种复杂样品中目标物质的有效、便捷和可视化检测，在肼的便捷检测方面具有良好的应用前景。近2年，用于肼检测的有机小分子荧光探针取得了显著进步。以肼探针的化学反应机理为基础，重点综述了2023年以来肼探针的最新研究成果；通过对其设计策略、检测性能和应用范围进行对比分析，总结了肼探针已经表现出的优异性能，指出其仍然存在的问题和挑战，展望并预测了未来的发展趋势。

关键词: 荧光探针, 肼, 分析检测

Abstract:

Hydrazine （N₂H₄） is a crucial chemical precursor with significant applications in chemical production. However， hydrazine is highly toxic and exhibits excellent water solubility. Its widespread use and potential leakage pose substantial risks to human health and environmental safety. Consequently， the effective monitoring of hydrazine in biological and environmental samples is of paramount importance. Organic small-molecule fluorescent probes， characterized by their high sensitivity， excellent selectivity， rapid response time， offer a reliable， convenient， and visual method for detecting target substances in complex samples. Fluorescence probe technique shows great promise in facilitating the detection of hydrazine. In recent years， notable advancements have been made in organic small-molecule fluorescent probes for hydrazine detection. This paper reviews the latest research findings on hydrazine probes since 2023， based on their chemical reaction mechanisms. By comparing and analyzing their design strategies， detection performance， and application scope， this review highlights the outstanding advantages of hydrazine probes， identifies existing challenges， and predicts future development trends.

Key words: Fluorescent probe, Hydrazine, Analysis and detection

中图分类号:

O657.3

李玲, 唐俐婷, 杨君洁, 闫力强, 李建平. 有机小分子荧光探针对肼检测的研究进展[J]. 应用化学, 2025, 42(4): 453-465.

Ling LI, Li-Ting TANG, Jun-Jie YANG, Li-Qiang YAN, Jian-Ping LI. Recent Advances in Small-Molecule Organic Fluorescent Probes for Hydrazine[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2025, 42(4): 453-465.

图/表 7

图1 肼荧光探针的主要机理

Fig.1 The main mechanisms of fluorescent probes for detecting hydrazine

图2 探针1-10的结构及其响应机理［7-16］

Fig.2 Structures and response mechanisms of probes 1-10［7-16］

图3 探针11-18的结构及其响应机理［17-24］

Fig.3 Structures and response mechanisms of probes 11-18［17-24］

图4 探针19-26的结构及其响应机理［25-32］

Fig.4 Structures and response mechanisms of probes 19-26［25-32］

图5 探针27-33的结构及其响应机理［33-37，30，38］

Fig.5 Structures and response mechanisms of probes 27-33［33-37，30，38］

图6 探针34-39的结构及其响应机理［39-44］

Fig.6 Structures and response mechanisms of probes 34-39［39-44］

图7 探针40-46的结构及其响应机理［45-51］

Fig.7 Structures and response mechanisms of probes 40-46［45-51］

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