Research Progress of Lithium Extraction from Salt Lake Brines

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240035

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 800-812.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240035

• Review • Previous Articles

Research Progress of Lithium Extraction from Salt Lake Brines

Jian-Feng ZHANG¹, Hui-Yong WU¹^,²^,³, Liang-Rong YANG¹()

^1.Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering，Institute of Process Engineering，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100190，China
^2.College of Chemistry and Environmental Science，Shangrao Normal University，Shangrao 334001，China
^3.School of Materials Science and Engineering，Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute，Jingdezhen 333403，China

Received:2024-01-31 Accepted:2024-04-21 Published:2024-06-01 Online:2024-07-09
Contact: Liang-Rong YANG
About author:lryang@ipe.ac.cn
Supported by:
the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2901500);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22138012);the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-038);the Excellent Member in Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y202014)

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years， with the rapid development of the global lithium battery industry， the demand for lithium as a raw material is also increasing. There are abundant lithium resources in salt lake brine， however， the concentration of lithium is very low and the composition is complex. The development of highly efficient separation technology to extract lithium resources from brine has important economic value and strategic significance. The solvent extraction method has the advantages of large processing capacity， high extraction efficiency， excellent selectivity and easy operation on a large scale， resulting in promising industial application. This paper summarized the separation of lithium resources from salt lakes using various solvent extraction reagents in the last five years， including β?-diketones， organophosphorus extractants， macrocyclic receptors， 4-phosphorylpyrazolone， ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. The mechanism， application scenarios， advantages and disadvantages of these extractants were systematically summarized. In view of the problems of the extraction system， the intensification technology of the extraction process was further introduced， such as membrane extraction intensification and electric field intensification. Finally， we gave the suggestions for the studies improvement of the extractants and prospected the development of extractants in the future.

Key words: Lithium, Selectivity, Extraction separation, Salt lake brine

CLC Number:

O658.2

Jian-Feng ZHANG, Hui-Yong WU, Liang-Rong YANG. Research Progress of Lithium Extraction from Salt Lake Brines[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2024, 41(6): 800-812.

Figures/Tables 12

References 61

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Extractants	Organic phase	Aqueous phase	Extraction/%	Ref.
β-Diketone	HBTA-TOPO， NaOH Pre-saponification	1.85 g/L Li⁺， 31.2 g/L Na⁺	Li⁺： 80%	［16］
Acidic organophosphates	P204/P507	1.5 g/L Ca²⁺， 1.5 g/L Mg²⁺， 30 g/L Li⁺	Mg²⁺： 98.48% Ca²⁺： 99.05% Li⁺： 5.22%	［46］
	Cyanex 272-TBP	0.06 mol/L Li⁺， 0.02 mol/L Co²⁺	Li⁺： 5% Co²⁺： 90%	［47］
	P227	30 g/L Li⁺	Li⁺： 2.09%	［22］
Neutral organophosphates	TBP/P507-FeCl₃	97 g/L Mg²⁺， 0.69 g/L Li⁺	Mg²⁺： 2.6% Li⁺： 84.5%	［50］
	TBP/NaBPh₄	0.35 g/L Li⁺， 96 g/L Mg²⁺	Li⁺： 85.73% Mg²⁺： 0.44%	［51］
	PVC/c-TBP	0.2 mol/L Li⁺	Li⁺： 27%	［54］
Macrocyclic molecules	Decahydronaphthalene-14-crown-4	0.01 mol/L Li⁺， Na⁺， K⁺， Rb⁺， Cs⁺	Li⁺： 81%， K⁺， Rb⁺， Cs⁺：＜1%	［58］
Macrocyclic molecules	Macrocyclic ionophore	1 mol/L Li⁺	Li⁺： 27%	［28］
Pyrazolone	Trifluoromethyl-4-phosphoryl -pyrazolones-TOPO	0.01 mol/L Li⁺， Na⁺， K⁺， Mg²⁺， Ca²⁺	Li⁺： 94% Na⁺， K⁺：＜3.6% （pH=6.0）	［34］
Ionic liquids	［A336］［TTA］-Cyanex 923	0.5 g/L Li⁺， 23 g/L Na⁺	Li⁺： 98.52% Na⁺： 5.58%	［35］
Ionic liquids	［Omim］［TTA］-［Omim］［NTf₂］	32 mmol/L Li⁺	Li⁺： 95%	［36］
Deep eutectic solvents	HTTA-TOPO	1.17 g/L Li⁺， 129.6 g/L Na⁺， 40.9 g/L K⁺	Li⁺： 95.7% Na⁺： 1.1% K⁺：＜0.01%	［19］
Deep eutectic solvents	N8881Cl/2DecA-P204	1 mg/L Li⁺	Li⁺： 80%	［43］

Extractants	Organic phase	Aqueous phase	Extraction/%	Ref.
β-Diketone	HBTA-TOPO， NaOH Pre-saponification	1.85 g/L Li⁺， 31.2 g/L Na⁺	Li⁺： 80%	［16］
Acidic organophosphates	P204/P507	1.5 g/L Ca²⁺， 1.5 g/L Mg²⁺， 30 g/L Li⁺	Mg²⁺： 98.48% Ca²⁺： 99.05% Li⁺： 5.22%	［46］
	Cyanex 272-TBP	0.06 mol/L Li⁺， 0.02 mol/L Co²⁺	Li⁺： 5% Co²⁺： 90%	［47］
	P227	30 g/L Li⁺	Li⁺： 2.09%	［22］
Neutral organophosphates	TBP/P507-FeCl₃	97 g/L Mg²⁺， 0.69 g/L Li⁺	Mg²⁺： 2.6% Li⁺： 84.5%	［50］
	TBP/NaBPh₄	0.35 g/L Li⁺， 96 g/L Mg²⁺	Li⁺： 85.73% Mg²⁺： 0.44%	［51］
	PVC/c-TBP	0.2 mol/L Li⁺	Li⁺： 27%	［54］
Macrocyclic molecules	Decahydronaphthalene-14-crown-4	0.01 mol/L Li⁺， Na⁺， K⁺， Rb⁺， Cs⁺	Li⁺： 81%， K⁺， Rb⁺， Cs⁺：＜1%	［58］
Macrocyclic molecules	Macrocyclic ionophore	1 mol/L Li⁺	Li⁺： 27%	［28］
Pyrazolone	Trifluoromethyl-4-phosphoryl -pyrazolones-TOPO	0.01 mol/L Li⁺， Na⁺， K⁺， Mg²⁺， Ca²⁺	Li⁺： 94% Na⁺， K⁺：＜3.6% （pH=6.0）	［34］
Ionic liquids	［A336］［TTA］-Cyanex 923	0.5 g/L Li⁺， 23 g/L Na⁺	Li⁺： 98.52% Na⁺： 5.58%	［35］
Ionic liquids	［Omim］［TTA］-［Omim］［NTf₂］	32 mmol/L Li⁺	Li⁺： 95%	［36］
Deep eutectic solvents	HTTA-TOPO	1.17 g/L Li⁺， 129.6 g/L Na⁺， 40.9 g/L K⁺	Li⁺： 95.7% Na⁺： 1.1% K⁺：＜0.01%	［19］
Deep eutectic solvents	N8881Cl/2DecA-P204	1 mg/L Li⁺	Li⁺： 80%	［43］

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Research Progress of Lithium Extraction from Salt Lake Brines

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