In⁃situ Electrochemical Preparation of Li⁃Na Alloy and the Co⁃storage of Li+ and Na+ Ions

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220074

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 1757-1765.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220074

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In⁃situ Electrochemical Preparation of Li⁃Na Alloy and the Co⁃storage of Li⁺ and Na⁺ Ions

Li-Jun WU¹, Shou-Jie GUO¹(), Chao ZHANG¹, Zhi-Sheng LI¹, Wei-Cong LI¹, Chang-Chun YANG²()

^1.College of Materials and Chemical Engineering，Xuchang University，Xuchang 461000，China
^2.College of Chemistry，Zhengzhou University，Zhengzhou 450000，China

Received:2022-03-15 Accepted:2022-07-07 Published:2022-11-01 Online:2022-11-09
Contact: Shou-Jie GUO,Chang-Chun YANG
About author:gsjxcu@126.com
Supported by:
the Youth Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(202300410349);the Innovation Team Project of Xuchang University(2022CXTD007);the Universal?level Scientific Research Project of Xuchang University(2021YB001)

Abstract

Abstract:

Compared with single lithium or sodium， lithium-sodium alloy has better performance. In-situ electrochemical preparation of lithium sodium alloy is successfully achieved in button battery which is charged and discharged under gradient current density by using sodium metal as the positive electrode， lithium metal as the negative electrode， and LiPF₆， NaClO₄ or lithium sodium mixed ion electrolyte as the electrolyte. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of lithium and sodium double electrochemically active ions， the lithium-sodium mixed ion capacitors with different lithium contents as negative electrodes show good electrochemical performance. In particular， with lithium sodium alloy with high lithium content as the negative electrode and NaClO₄ electrolyte added， Carbon derived from sodium citrate （Sodium citrate derived carbon， SCDC-activated） maintains the high specific capacity of 238 mA·h/g and the capacity retention rate of 99% at the current density of 1 A/g for 300 cycles. With the addition of lithium-sodium mixed ion electrolyte， SCDC-activated exhibits the specific capacity of 319 mA·h/g， and it can retain 93 mA·h/g and 98% capacity retention rate after 1040 cycles.

Key words: Lithium sodium alloy, In-situ electrochemical preparation, Co-storage characteristics of lithium and sodium

CLC Number:

O614.1

Li-Jun WU, Shou-Jie GUO, Chao ZHANG, Zhi-Sheng LI, Wei-Cong LI, Chang-Chun YANG. In⁃situ Electrochemical Preparation of Li⁃Na Alloy and the Co⁃storage of Li⁺ and Na⁺ Ions[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2022, 39(11): 1757-1765.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 （A） Cyclic Voltammetry （CV） curves and （B） Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy （EIS） of lithium metal versus sodium metal button battery by adding 1 mol/L LiPF6 in EC/DEC with the volume ratio of 1∶1， 1 mol/L NaClO4 in EC/DEC/DMC with the volume ratio of 1∶1∶1 and the above two mixed electrolytes with equal volume

Fig.2 Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） images of lithium and sodium metal disc after 2000 cycles at the current density of 0.1 A/gLithium metal disc pre-embedded with sodium： A. LiPF6 electrolyte； C. NaClO4 electrolyte； E. lithium sodium mixed ion electrolyte. Sodium metal disc pre-embedded with lithium： B. LiPF6 electrolyte； D. NaClO4 electrolyte； F. lithium sodium mixed ion electrolyte

Fig.3 EDS of lithium and sodium metal disc after 2000 cycles at the current density of 0.1 A/gLithium sodium alloy with low Na content： A. LiPF6 electrolyte； B. NaClO4 electrolyte； C. lithium sodium mixed ion electrolyte Lithium sodium alloy with high Na content： D. LiPF6 electrolyte； E. NaClO4 electrolyte； F. lithium sodium mixed ion electrolyte

Fig.4 SEM images of SCDC-activated at 1×104 times （A） and 1×105 times （B） magnification

Fig.5 Absorption-Desorption curve （A） and pore size distribution （B） of SCDC-activated

Fig.6 The gradient tests were obtained by using SCDC-activated as the test electrode，（A） and （B） lithium sodium alloy with low Na content and （D） and （E） lithium sodium alloy with high Na content as the counter electrodes，（C） and （F） cyclic stability directly tested after gradient tests at 1 A/g current density

Fig.7 （A） The Cyclic voltammetry curves at 0.4 mV/s and （B） Electrochemical impedance contrast diagrams before and after 1000 at 1 A/g current density were determined by using SCDC-activated as the test electrode， lithium sodium alloy with high Na content as the counter electrodes

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In⁃situ Electrochemical Preparation of Li⁃Na Alloy and the Co⁃storage of Li⁺ and Na⁺ Ions

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