Research Advances of Anti-Aging Mechanism， Application and Detection of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240226

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 168-181.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240226

• Review • Previous Articles

Research Advances of Anti-Aging Mechanism， Application and Detection of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide

Si-Wei CHEN, Li-Shi WANG(), Huan-Feng JIANG()

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，South China University of Technology，Guangzhou 510640，China

Received:2024-07-25 Accepted:2024-12-09 Published:2025-02-01 Online:2025-03-14
Contact: Li-Shi WANG,Huan-Feng JIANG
About author:jianghf@scut.edu.cn
wanglsh@scut.edu.cn；
Supported by:
the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4101800);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22231002);Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024B1515040027)

Abstract

Abstract:

Nicotinamide mononucleotide （NMN） is a naturally bioactive nucleotide and a synthetic precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide （NAD⁺/NADH）， an essential coenzyme in the body. A comprehensive study of NMN can not only provide a method to delay aging， but also may bring new treatment opportunities for brain injury， cardiac injury， liver injury， diabetic nephropathy， sepsis， blindness， depression and so on. In this review， the anti-aging mechanism of NMN and its applications in anti-aging and medical treatment were introduced. The existing NMN detection methods at home and abroad were mainly discussed， including enzyme-coupled assay， electrochemical detection， quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance method， liquid chromatography method， liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method and capillary electrophoresis method， and the linear range， detection limit and recovery rate of different methods were compared. Finally， the challenges and future directions of NMN research in terms of mechanism， practical application and detection analysis were discussed.

Key words: Nicotinamide mononucleotide, Detection, Application, Anti-aging

CLC Number:

O657

Si-Wei CHEN, Li-Shi WANG, Huan-Feng JIANG. Research Advances of Anti-Aging Mechanism， Application and Detection of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2025, 42(2): 168-181.

Figures/Tables 8

References 91

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Year	Working electrode	Linear range/（mol·L^-1）	Limit of detection/（mol·L^-1）	Ref.
2005	Edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode	2.3×10^-6~3.6×10^-5	3.3×10^-7	［48］
2006	Poly（luminol）/flavin adenine dinucleotide/GCE	-	-	［49］
2006	Nordihydroguaiaretic acid/flavin adenine dinucleotide/GCE	-	-	［50］
2007	Poly（p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid）/flavin adenine dinucleotide/GCE	1.0×10^-5~3.0×10^-4	1.0×10^-6	［51］
2007	NADH oxidase/prussian blue/SPE	1.0×10^-6~4.0×10^-4	1.1×10^-7	［52］
2008	2，3，5，6-Tetrachloro-1，4-benzoquinone/MWCNTs/edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode	5.0×10^-7~2.2×10^-3	1.5×10^-7	［53］
2009	Graphite/poly（methylmethacrylate） composite electrode	4.0×10^-6~5.6×10^-3	3.5×10^-6	［54］
2009	Poly（brilliant cresyl blue）/SWCNTs/GCE	3.0×10^-6~1.042×10^-4	1.0×10^-6	［55］
2009	Au nanoparticles/GCE	1.25×10^-6~3.08×10^-4	2.5×10^-7	［56］
2011	MWCNTs/Pd nanoparticles/poly（3，4-ethylenedioxypyrrole）/GCE	1.0×10^-6~1.3×10^-2	1.8×10^-7	［57］
2014	Nitrogen-doped graphene/gold electrode	1.0×10^-6~3.0×10^-2	3.0×10^-7	［58］
2014	Ionic liquid/NiO nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode	3.0×10^-8~9.0×10^-4	9.0×10^-9	［59］
2016	SWCNTs covalently functionalized with polytyrosine/GCE	1.5×10^-7~8.3×10^-5	7.9×10^-9	［60］
2016	Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid/polyethylenimine/activated graphene oxide/GCE	5.0×10^-8~5.0×10^-4	2.0×10^-8	［61］
2017	Au-Ag nanoparticles/poly（L-cysteine）/reduced graphene oxide/GCE	8.3×10^-8~1.1×10^-3	9.0×10^-9	［62］
2018	Rosmarinic acid/screen-printed carbon electrode	1.9×10^-5~2.2×10^-4	5.6×10^-6	［63］
2018	Oxidized MWCNTs/graphite screen-printed electrode	4.0×10^-6~3.5×10^-5	1.0×10^-6	［64］
2020	Au-Copper oxide nanoparticles/carbon ceramic electrode	1.0×10^-6~2.9×10^-5	9.0×10^-8	［65］
2020	3-Aminophenylboronic acid/reduced graphene oxide/GCE	5.0×10^-8~1.0×10^-5	2.6×10^-8	［66］
2022	4'-Mercapto-N-phenylquinone diamine/SPE	1.6×10^-5~1.0×10^-3	3.5×10^-6	［67］
2024	F， S-Doped carbon dots/copper oxide nanoparticles/screen-printed carbon electrode	2.0×10^-8~4.0×10^-6	2.0×10^-8	［68］

Year	Working electrode	Linear range/（mol·L^-1）	Limit of detection/（mol·L^-1）	Ref.
2005	Edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode	2.3×10^-6~3.6×10^-5	3.3×10^-7	［48］
2006	Poly（luminol）/flavin adenine dinucleotide/GCE	-	-	［49］
2006	Nordihydroguaiaretic acid/flavin adenine dinucleotide/GCE	-	-	［50］
2007	Poly（p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid）/flavin adenine dinucleotide/GCE	1.0×10^-5~3.0×10^-4	1.0×10^-6	［51］
2007	NADH oxidase/prussian blue/SPE	1.0×10^-6~4.0×10^-4	1.1×10^-7	［52］
2008	2，3，5，6-Tetrachloro-1，4-benzoquinone/MWCNTs/edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode	5.0×10^-7~2.2×10^-3	1.5×10^-7	［53］
2009	Graphite/poly（methylmethacrylate） composite electrode	4.0×10^-6~5.6×10^-3	3.5×10^-6	［54］
2009	Poly（brilliant cresyl blue）/SWCNTs/GCE	3.0×10^-6~1.042×10^-4	1.0×10^-6	［55］
2009	Au nanoparticles/GCE	1.25×10^-6~3.08×10^-4	2.5×10^-7	［56］
2011	MWCNTs/Pd nanoparticles/poly（3，4-ethylenedioxypyrrole）/GCE	1.0×10^-6~1.3×10^-2	1.8×10^-7	［57］
2014	Nitrogen-doped graphene/gold electrode	1.0×10^-6~3.0×10^-2	3.0×10^-7	［58］
2014	Ionic liquid/NiO nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode	3.0×10^-8~9.0×10^-4	9.0×10^-9	［59］
2016	SWCNTs covalently functionalized with polytyrosine/GCE	1.5×10^-7~8.3×10^-5	7.9×10^-9	［60］
2016	Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid/polyethylenimine/activated graphene oxide/GCE	5.0×10^-8~5.0×10^-4	2.0×10^-8	［61］
2017	Au-Ag nanoparticles/poly（L-cysteine）/reduced graphene oxide/GCE	8.3×10^-8~1.1×10^-3	9.0×10^-9	［62］
2018	Rosmarinic acid/screen-printed carbon electrode	1.9×10^-5~2.2×10^-4	5.6×10^-6	［63］
2018	Oxidized MWCNTs/graphite screen-printed electrode	4.0×10^-6~3.5×10^-5	1.0×10^-6	［64］
2020	Au-Copper oxide nanoparticles/carbon ceramic electrode	1.0×10^-6~2.9×10^-5	9.0×10^-8	［65］
2020	3-Aminophenylboronic acid/reduced graphene oxide/GCE	5.0×10^-8~1.0×10^-5	2.6×10^-8	［66］
2022	4'-Mercapto-N-phenylquinone diamine/SPE	1.6×10^-5~1.0×10^-3	3.5×10^-6	［67］
2024	F， S-Doped carbon dots/copper oxide nanoparticles/screen-printed carbon electrode	2.0×10^-8~4.0×10^-6	2.0×10^-8	［68］

Detection method	Chromatographic column	Composition of mobile phase	Linear range/（mol·L^-1）	Limit of quantitation/（mol·L^-1）	Limit of detection/（mol·L^-1）	Recovery/%	RSD/%	Ref.
HPLC-UV	ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18（4.6 mm×250 mm，5 μm）	Methanol and KH₂PO₄	-	-	-	-	-	［76］
HPLC-UV	Xtimate C18 （4.6 mm×250 mm，5 μm）	KH₂PO₄ and acetonitrile	1.5×10^-3~6.0×10^-3	1.5×10^-8	3.0×10^-9	99.2~101.2	0.44	［77］
HPLC-FLD	Discovery C18 （250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）	Phosphate buffer and acetonitrile	8.0×10^-12~2.5×10^-9	-	-	-	-	［78］
LC-MS	Atlantis dC18 （150 mm×2.1 mm，3 μm）	Ammonium formate and methanol	1.0×10^-13~1.0×10^-12	2.0×10^-13	-	114	3.6	［79］
LC-MS	Atlantis HILIC （150 mm×1.0 mm，3 μm）	Ammonium acetate and acetonitrile	5.0×10^-8~1.0×10^-4	5.0×10^-13	-	-	9.0	［80］
LC-MS	Shim-pack VP-ODS （150 L×2.0 mm，5 μm）	Methanol and acetic acid	4.0×10^-10~6.8×10^-7	4.0×10^-10	2.0×10^-10	86.6~108	3.4	［81］
UPLC-MS/MS	Intrada amino acid column （100 mm×3.0 mm，3 μm）	Acetonitrile containing formic acid and acetonitrile/water containing ammonium formate	1.5×10^-9~3.0×10^-7	6.0×10^-10	3.0×10^-10	-	3.2	［82］
UPLC-MS/MS	ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 （2.1 mm×100 mm，1.8 μm）	Formic acid and methanol	4.1×10^-9~4.1×10^-6	3.0×10^-9	9.0×10^-10	77.6	3.6	［83］
UHPLC-MS/MS	Discovery C18 （250 mm×4.6 mm， 5 μm）	Ammonium acetate and methanol	2.0×10^-8~2.0×10^-6	3.5×10^-11（mol/g of tissue）	1.2×10^-11 （mol/g of tissue）	66.3~87.0	-	［84］
UHPLC-MS/MS	InfinityLab Poroshell 120 EC-C18 （3.0 mm×150 mm，2.7 μm）	Ammonium acetate and methanol	Plasma 5.7×10^-12~3.0×10^-5；Liver 2.9×10^-9~7.5×10^-5；Blood 3.0×10^-7~4.8×10^-5	Plasma 6.1×10^-11； Liver 1.2×10^-11； Blood 1.2×10^-11	-	79.0~98.0	3.3~15	［85］

Detection method	Chromatographic column	Composition of mobile phase	Linear range/（mol·L^-1）	Limit of quantitation/（mol·L^-1）	Limit of detection/（mol·L^-1）	Recovery/%	RSD/%	Ref.
HPLC-UV	ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18（4.6 mm×250 mm，5 μm）	Methanol and KH₂PO₄	-	-	-	-	-	［76］
HPLC-UV	Xtimate C18 （4.6 mm×250 mm，5 μm）	KH₂PO₄ and acetonitrile	1.5×10^-3~6.0×10^-3	1.5×10^-8	3.0×10^-9	99.2~101.2	0.44	［77］
HPLC-FLD	Discovery C18 （250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）	Phosphate buffer and acetonitrile	8.0×10^-12~2.5×10^-9	-	-	-	-	［78］
LC-MS	Atlantis dC18 （150 mm×2.1 mm，3 μm）	Ammonium formate and methanol	1.0×10^-13~1.0×10^-12	2.0×10^-13	-	114	3.6	［79］
LC-MS	Atlantis HILIC （150 mm×1.0 mm，3 μm）	Ammonium acetate and acetonitrile	5.0×10^-8~1.0×10^-4	5.0×10^-13	-	-	9.0	［80］
LC-MS	Shim-pack VP-ODS （150 L×2.0 mm，5 μm）	Methanol and acetic acid	4.0×10^-10~6.8×10^-7	4.0×10^-10	2.0×10^-10	86.6~108	3.4	［81］
UPLC-MS/MS	Intrada amino acid column （100 mm×3.0 mm，3 μm）	Acetonitrile containing formic acid and acetonitrile/water containing ammonium formate	1.5×10^-9~3.0×10^-7	6.0×10^-10	3.0×10^-10	-	3.2	［82］
UPLC-MS/MS	ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 （2.1 mm×100 mm，1.8 μm）	Formic acid and methanol	4.1×10^-9~4.1×10^-6	3.0×10^-9	9.0×10^-10	77.6	3.6	［83］
UHPLC-MS/MS	Discovery C18 （250 mm×4.6 mm， 5 μm）	Ammonium acetate and methanol	2.0×10^-8~2.0×10^-6	3.5×10^-11（mol/g of tissue）	1.2×10^-11 （mol/g of tissue）	66.3~87.0	-	［84］
UHPLC-MS/MS	InfinityLab Poroshell 120 EC-C18 （3.0 mm×150 mm，2.7 μm）	Ammonium acetate and methanol	Plasma 5.7×10^-12~3.0×10^-5；Liver 2.9×10^-9~7.5×10^-5；Blood 3.0×10^-7~4.8×10^-5	Plasma 6.1×10^-11； Liver 1.2×10^-11； Blood 1.2×10^-11	-	79.0~98.0	3.3~15	［85］

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Research Advances of Anti-Aging Mechanism， Application and Detection of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide

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