Research Progress of the Role of Chemical Active Components of Ginseng in Prevention and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220264

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 486-499.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220264

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Research Progress of the Role of Chemical Active Components of Ginseng in Prevention and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Wei-Yin XU¹, Tian-Yang XU³, Si-Meng SHAO², Zhao-Yang XIE², Hong-Mei YANG²(), Peng YU¹()

^1.School of Pharmacy，Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Changchun 130117，China
^2.Northeast Asia Institute of Chinese Medicine，Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Changchun 130117，China
^3.Centre for Innovation and Practice，Changchun University of Chinese Medicine，Changchun 130117，China

Received:2022-08-02 Accepted:2023-01-28 Published:2023-04-01 Online:2023-04-17
Contact: Hong-Mei YANG,Peng YU
Supported by:
Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project(20220508086RC);the Health Technology Innovation Project of Jilin Province(2021JC075)

Abstract

Abstract:

Neurodegenerative disease is a kind of neurological dysfunction disease caused by the progressive lesion or loss of specific nerve cells in the nervous system. With the aging of the global population， its incidence is increasing significantly. At present， the pathogenesis of such diseases is not clear， and there is a lack of effective clinical treatment measures. Ginseng contains a variety of active ingredients and has a very wide range of pharmacological effects in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Based on recent literature reports， this paper first summarizes the active ingredients of ginseng and detection methods. Then， the specific pharmacological effects of ginseng in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are summarized. Finally， the related mechanisms and pathways are summarized and reviewed. At present， there are many kinds of chemical components with preventive and therapeutic activities for neurodegenerative diseases， but more active components and clinical application research still need to be further studied.

Key words: Ginseng, Neurodegenerative diseases, Active components, Mechanisms

CLC Number:

O629.9

Wei-Yin XU, Tian-Yang XU, Si-Meng SHAO, Zhao-Yang XIE, Hong-Mei YANG, Peng YU. Research Progress of the Role of Chemical Active Components of Ginseng in Prevention and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2023, 40(4): 486-499.

Figures/Tables 5

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Active ingredient	Activities	Neuropharmacological mechanisms	Ref.
Rb1， Rg5， Rh3	Oxidative stress	Nrf2/HO-1， HO-1	［105］
Rg1， Rb1， Rg1/Rb1， Rh2	Oxidative stress	SOD， GSH， CAT， MDA， BDNF	［106-108］
Rg1， Rg5	Neuroinflammation	iNOS， COX-2， TNF-α， IL-1β， NF-κB， CREB， IL-6， PI3K/Akt	［109-110］
Rg3 or Rh2		IL-1α/β， IL-6， TNF-α， MCP-1， PI3K/Akt	［111］
Rg1		TNF-α， IL-1β	［112］
Rg5		TNF-α， IL-6， PI3K/Akt	［113］
RGO		IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α， iNOS， COX-2	［86］
Rg1	Apoptosis	Akt， caspase-3， Bcl-xl	［114-115］
Rg1， Rb1， Rg1/Rb1， Rg3， Rg2		PI3K/Akt， Bcl-2/Bax， caspase-3， caspase-9	［39，116-117］
Rd1， Rg2		CREB， BDNF， caspase-3	［118］
Rg1		Akt， BDNF/TrkB	［119］
RGO， GP		PI3K/Akt， Bcl-2/Bax	［84，87］
Rg1， Rg3， Rb1， Rh3	Cholinergic synapses	AchE， ACh， BDNF， p-TrkB，NR1， NR2B	［98，120-121］

Active ingredient	Activities	Neuropharmacological mechanisms	Ref.
Rb1， Rg5， Rh3	Oxidative stress	Nrf2/HO-1， HO-1	［105］
Rg1， Rb1， Rg1/Rb1， Rh2	Oxidative stress	SOD， GSH， CAT， MDA， BDNF	［106-108］
Rg1， Rg5	Neuroinflammation	iNOS， COX-2， TNF-α， IL-1β， NF-κB， CREB， IL-6， PI3K/Akt	［109-110］
Rg3 or Rh2		IL-1α/β， IL-6， TNF-α， MCP-1， PI3K/Akt	［111］
Rg1		TNF-α， IL-1β	［112］
Rg5		TNF-α， IL-6， PI3K/Akt	［113］
RGO		IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α， iNOS， COX-2	［86］
Rg1	Apoptosis	Akt， caspase-3， Bcl-xl	［114-115］
Rg1， Rb1， Rg1/Rb1， Rg3， Rg2		PI3K/Akt， Bcl-2/Bax， caspase-3， caspase-9	［39，116-117］
Rd1， Rg2		CREB， BDNF， caspase-3	［118］
Rg1		Akt， BDNF/TrkB	［119］
RGO， GP		PI3K/Akt， Bcl-2/Bax	［84，87］
Rg1， Rg3， Rb1， Rh3	Cholinergic synapses	AchE， ACh， BDNF， p-TrkB，NR1， NR2B	［98，120-121］

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Research Progress of the Role of Chemical Active Components of Ginseng in Prevention and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

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