应用化学 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 800-812.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240035

• 综合评述 • 上一篇    

盐湖卤水萃取法提锂的研究进展

张建锋1, 吴辉勇1,2,3, 杨良嵘1()   

  1. 1.中国科学院过程工程研究所,绿色过程与工程重点实验室,北京 100190
    2.上饶师范学院化学与环境科学学院,上饶 334001
    3.景德镇陶瓷大学材料科学与工程学院,景德镇 333403
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-31 接受日期:2024-04-21 出版日期:2024-06-01 发布日期:2024-07-09
  • 通讯作者: 杨良嵘
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2901500);国家自然科学基金(22138012);中国科学院基础研究青年团队(YSBR-038);中国科学院青促会优秀会员(Y202014)

Research Progress of Lithium Extraction from Salt Lake Brines

Jian-Feng ZHANG1, Hui-Yong WU1,2,3, Liang-Rong YANG1()   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China
    2.College of Chemistry and Environmental Science,Shangrao Normal University,Shangrao 334001,China
    3.School of Materials Science and Engineering,Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute,Jingdezhen 333403,China
  • Received:2024-01-31 Accepted:2024-04-21 Published:2024-06-01 Online:2024-07-09
  • Contact: Liang-Rong YANG
  • About author:lryang@ipe.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2901500);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22138012);the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-038);the Excellent Member in Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y202014)

摘要:

随着全球锂电行业的迅猛发展,作为原材料的锂需求量也日益攀升。盐湖卤水中蕴含着丰富的锂资源,但浓度低、成分复杂。开发高效锂分离技术,从卤水中提取锂资源具有重要的经济价值和战略意义。溶剂萃取法具有处理量大、萃取效率高、优异选择性以及易于规模化操作等优点,具有良好的工业应用前景。本文主要综述了近5年常用的萃取体系,包括β-二酮、有机磷化合物、大环分子、磷酰基吡唑啉酮、离子液体以及低共熔溶剂。系统地分析了各种萃取体系的作用机理、适用的环境以及存在的优缺点,对于萃取体系存在的问题进一步介绍了萃取过程强化技术,如膜萃取强化、电场强化。最后,对未来各种萃取体系的研究重点和改进提出了观点和评述,同时对萃取体系的发展前景进行了展望。

关键词: 锂, 选择性, 萃取分离, 盐湖卤水

Abstract:

In recent years, with the rapid development of the global lithium battery industry, the demand for lithium as a raw material is also increasing. There are abundant lithium resources in salt lake brine, however, the concentration of lithium is very low and the composition is complex. The development of highly efficient separation technology to extract lithium resources from brine has important economic value and strategic significance. The solvent extraction method has the advantages of large processing capacity, high extraction efficiency, excellent selectivity and easy operation on a large scale, resulting in promising industial application. This paper summarized the separation of lithium resources from salt lakes using various solvent extraction reagents in the last five years, including β?-diketones, organophosphorus extractants, macrocyclic receptors, 4-phosphorylpyrazolone, ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. The mechanism, application scenarios, advantages and disadvantages of these extractants were systematically summarized. In view of the problems of the extraction system, the intensification technology of the extraction process was further introduced, such as membrane extraction intensification and electric field intensification. Finally, we gave the suggestions for the studies improvement of the extractants and prospected the development of extractants in the future.

Key words: Lithium, Selectivity, Extraction separation, Salt lake brine

中图分类号: