应用化学 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 800-812.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240035
• 综合评述 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2024-01-31
接受日期:
2024-04-21
出版日期:
2024-06-01
发布日期:
2024-07-09
通讯作者:
杨良嵘
基金资助:
Jian-Feng ZHANG1, Hui-Yong WU1,2,3, Liang-Rong YANG1()
Received:
2024-01-31
Accepted:
2024-04-21
Published:
2024-06-01
Online:
2024-07-09
Contact:
Liang-Rong YANG
About author:
lryang@ipe.ac.cnSupported by:
摘要:
随着全球锂电行业的迅猛发展,作为原材料的锂需求量也日益攀升。盐湖卤水中蕴含着丰富的锂资源,但浓度低、成分复杂。开发高效锂分离技术,从卤水中提取锂资源具有重要的经济价值和战略意义。溶剂萃取法具有处理量大、萃取效率高、优异选择性以及易于规模化操作等优点,具有良好的工业应用前景。本文主要综述了近5年常用的萃取体系,包括β-二酮、有机磷化合物、大环分子、磷酰基吡唑啉酮、离子液体以及低共熔溶剂。系统地分析了各种萃取体系的作用机理、适用的环境以及存在的优缺点,对于萃取体系存在的问题进一步介绍了萃取过程强化技术,如膜萃取强化、电场强化。最后,对未来各种萃取体系的研究重点和改进提出了观点和评述,同时对萃取体系的发展前景进行了展望。
中图分类号:
张建锋, 吴辉勇, 杨良嵘. 盐湖卤水萃取法提锂的研究进展[J]. 应用化学, 2024, 41(6): 800-812.
Jian-Feng ZHANG, Hui-Yong WU, Liang-Rong YANG. Research Progress of Lithium Extraction from Salt Lake Brines[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2024, 41(6): 800-812.
Extractants | Organic phase | Aqueous phase | Extraction/% | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
β-Diketone | HBTA-TOPO, NaOH Pre-saponification | 1.85 g/L Li+, 31.2 g/L Na+ | Li+: 80% | [ |
Acidic organophosphates | P204/P507 | 1.5 g/L Ca2+, 1.5 g/L Mg2+, 30 g/L Li+ | Mg2+: 98.48% Ca2+: 99.05% Li+: 5.22% | [ |
Cyanex 272-TBP | 0.06 mol/L Li+, 0.02 mol/L Co2+ | Li+: 5% Co2+: 90% | [ | |
P227 | 30 g/L Li+ | Li+: 2.09% | [ | |
Neutral organophosphates | TBP/P507-FeCl3 | 97 g/L Mg2+, 0.69 g/L Li+ | Mg2+: 2.6% Li+: 84.5% | [ |
TBP/NaBPh4 | 0.35 g/L Li+, 96 g/L Mg2+ | Li+: 85.73% Mg2+: 0.44% | [ | |
PVC/c-TBP | 0.2 mol/L Li+ | Li+: 27% | [ | |
Macrocyclic molecules | Decahydronaphthalene-14-crown-4 | 0.01 mol/L Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ | Li+: 81%, K+, Rb+, Cs+: <1% | [ |
Macrocyclic ionophore | 1 mol/L Li+ | Li+: 27% | [ | |
Pyrazolone | Trifluoromethyl-4-phosphoryl -pyrazolones-TOPO | 0.01 mol/L Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ | Li+: 94% Na+, K+:<3.6% (pH=6.0) | [ |
Ionic liquids | [A336][TTA]-Cyanex 923 | 0.5 g/L Li+, 23 g/L Na+ | Li+: 98.52% Na+: 5.58% | [ |
[Omim][TTA]-[Omim][NTf2] | 32 mmol/L Li+ | Li+: 95% | [ | |
Deep eutectic solvents | HTTA-TOPO | 1.17 g/L Li+, 129.6 g/L Na+, 40.9 g/L K+ | Li+: 95.7% Na+: 1.1% K+:<0.01% | [ |
N8881Cl/2DecA-P204 | 1 mg/L Li+ | Li+: 80% | [ |
表1 常用萃取体系
Table 1 Commonly used extraction systems
Extractants | Organic phase | Aqueous phase | Extraction/% | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
β-Diketone | HBTA-TOPO, NaOH Pre-saponification | 1.85 g/L Li+, 31.2 g/L Na+ | Li+: 80% | [ |
Acidic organophosphates | P204/P507 | 1.5 g/L Ca2+, 1.5 g/L Mg2+, 30 g/L Li+ | Mg2+: 98.48% Ca2+: 99.05% Li+: 5.22% | [ |
Cyanex 272-TBP | 0.06 mol/L Li+, 0.02 mol/L Co2+ | Li+: 5% Co2+: 90% | [ | |
P227 | 30 g/L Li+ | Li+: 2.09% | [ | |
Neutral organophosphates | TBP/P507-FeCl3 | 97 g/L Mg2+, 0.69 g/L Li+ | Mg2+: 2.6% Li+: 84.5% | [ |
TBP/NaBPh4 | 0.35 g/L Li+, 96 g/L Mg2+ | Li+: 85.73% Mg2+: 0.44% | [ | |
PVC/c-TBP | 0.2 mol/L Li+ | Li+: 27% | [ | |
Macrocyclic molecules | Decahydronaphthalene-14-crown-4 | 0.01 mol/L Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ | Li+: 81%, K+, Rb+, Cs+: <1% | [ |
Macrocyclic ionophore | 1 mol/L Li+ | Li+: 27% | [ | |
Pyrazolone | Trifluoromethyl-4-phosphoryl -pyrazolones-TOPO | 0.01 mol/L Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ | Li+: 94% Na+, K+:<3.6% (pH=6.0) | [ |
Ionic liquids | [A336][TTA]-Cyanex 923 | 0.5 g/L Li+, 23 g/L Na+ | Li+: 98.52% Na+: 5.58% | [ |
[Omim][TTA]-[Omim][NTf2] | 32 mmol/L Li+ | Li+: 95% | [ | |
Deep eutectic solvents | HTTA-TOPO | 1.17 g/L Li+, 129.6 g/L Na+, 40.9 g/L K+ | Li+: 95.7% Na+: 1.1% K+:<0.01% | [ |
N8881Cl/2DecA-P204 | 1 mg/L Li+ | Li+: 80% | [ |
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