贵金属离子印迹聚合物的制备及其应用的研究进展

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230068

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，由于对贵金属需求的快速增长而矿产资源有限，供需矛盾日益严重。因此，从富含贵金属的电子废弃物等二次资源中选择性分离回收贵金属至关重要。离子印迹聚合物（Ion-imprinted polymers， IIPs）具有制备简单、空腔固定、结构稳定、环境适应性好、再生能力强和对模板离子具有选择性等优点，在固相萃取、预浓缩、水处理、膜分离和电化学传感器等领域得到了广泛应用。本文综述了近10年来国内外离子印迹技术在贵金属的分离回收领域的最新研究，重点介绍了贵金属离子印迹聚合物的制备、性能及应用，并对贵金属离子印迹技术目前存在的问题和未来发展方向进行了分析和展望。

关键词: 贵金属, 离子印迹, 选择性, 回收, 吸附

Abstract:

Due to excellent physical and chemical properties， precious metals are widely used in various fields of national economy and national defense construction， and are extremely important economic and strategic resources. In recent years， due to the rapid growth in the demand for rare and precious metals， the contradiction between supply and demand has become increasingly serious. Therefore， it is very important to selective recovery of precious metals from secondary resources such as electronic waste with high precious metal content. Ion-imprinted polymers （IIPs） are widely used in solid phase extraction， preconcentration， water treatment， membrane separation and electrochemical sensors due to the advantages of simple preparation， cavity fixation， structural stability， good environmental adaptability， high regeneration capacity and selectivity for template ions. In this paper， the research progress of ion imprinting technology in the recovery of precious metals at home and abroad in recent years is reviewed， the preparation process and its application are introduced， and the current problems and future development directions of precious metal ion imprinting technology are analyzed and prospected.

Key words: Precious metals, Ion-imprinted, Selectivity, Recovery, Adsorption

中图分类号:

O635

潘阳, 鲁惠玲, 李浩, 潘建明. 贵金属离子印迹聚合物的制备及其应用的研究进展[J]. 应用化学, 2023, 40(10): 1359-1375.

Yang PAN, Hui-Ling LU, Hao LI, Jian-Ming PAN. Research Progress in Preparation and Application of Precious Metal Ion-Imprinted Polymers[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2023, 40(10): 1359-1375.

图/表 11

参考文献 106

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Imprinting strategy	Monomer	Solvent	Initiator/Crosslinker	Adsorption capacity/（mg·g^-1）	Detection method	Application	Ref.
Surface imprinting	APPA	Methanol	AIBN/EGDMA	76	FAAS	Preconcentration	［50］
Surface imprinting	APPA	Methanol	AIBN/EGDMA	81	FAAS	Preconcentration	［51］
Surface imprinting	APPA	Methanol	AIBN/EGDMA	67	FAAS	Preconcentration	［52］
Sol-gel	VIM	Acetic acid	—/Glutaraldehyde	810	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［53］
Sol-gel	MB	Acetic acid	—/ECH	370	AAS	Preconcentration	［54］
Sol-gel	Tu	Acetic acid	—/Glutaraldehyde	933	AAS	Preconcentration	［55］
Sol-gel	PTCS	H₂O	—/Glyoxal	140	AAS	Preconcentration	［56］
Sol-gel	Tu	H₂O	—/ECH	185	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［57］
Sol-gel	AcM， HEA	H₂O	DMPA/EGDMA	70	FAAS	Preconcentration	［58］
Bulk polymerization	4-VP	Methanol， H₂O	AMP/EGDMA	418	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［59］
Bulk polymerization	EDA	DMSO	AMP/EGDMA	394	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［59］
Bulk polymerization	ADT	DMSO	AMP/EGDMA	190	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［59］
Sol-gel	TCTES	HCl		475	AAS	Preconcentration	［60］
Surface imprinting	VIM	Methanol，H₂O	AIBN/EGDMA	185	FAAS	SPE	［61］
Surface imprinting	VIM	Methanol，H₂O	AIBN/EGDMA	93	ICP-OES	SPE	［62］

Imprinting strategy	Monomer	Solvent	Initiator/Crosslinker	Adsorption capacity/（mg·g^-1）	Detection method	Application	Ref.
Surface imprinting	APPA	Methanol	AIBN/EGDMA	76	FAAS	Preconcentration	［50］
Surface imprinting	APPA	Methanol	AIBN/EGDMA	81	FAAS	Preconcentration	［51］
Surface imprinting	APPA	Methanol	AIBN/EGDMA	67	FAAS	Preconcentration	［52］
Sol-gel	VIM	Acetic acid	—/Glutaraldehyde	810	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［53］
Sol-gel	MB	Acetic acid	—/ECH	370	AAS	Preconcentration	［54］
Sol-gel	Tu	Acetic acid	—/Glutaraldehyde	933	AAS	Preconcentration	［55］
Sol-gel	PTCS	H₂O	—/Glyoxal	140	AAS	Preconcentration	［56］
Sol-gel	Tu	H₂O	—/ECH	185	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［57］
Sol-gel	AcM， HEA	H₂O	DMPA/EGDMA	70	FAAS	Preconcentration	［58］
Bulk polymerization	4-VP	Methanol， H₂O	AMP/EGDMA	418	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［59］
Bulk polymerization	EDA	DMSO	AMP/EGDMA	394	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［59］
Bulk polymerization	ADT	DMSO	AMP/EGDMA	190	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［59］
Sol-gel	TCTES	HCl		475	AAS	Preconcentration	［60］
Surface imprinting	VIM	Methanol，H₂O	AIBN/EGDMA	185	FAAS	SPE	［61］
Surface imprinting	VIM	Methanol，H₂O	AIBN/EGDMA	93	ICP-OES	SPE	［62］

Imprinting strategy	Monomer	Solvent	Initiator/Crosslinker	Adsorption capacity/（mg·g^-1）	Detection method	Application	Ref.
Sol-gel	CS	Acetic acid	—/Glutaraldehyde	125	ICP-OES	Membrane	［63］
Sol-gel	CS	Acetic acid	—/Glutaraldehyde	2 312	FAAS	Membrane	［64］
Sol-gel	CS	H₂O	—/Glutaraldehyde	89	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［65］
Surface imprinting	Tu	Ethanol	—/Glutaraldehyde	156	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［66］
Surface imprinting	MPTS	Toluene		91	FAAS	Preconcentration	［67］
Precipitation	4-VP	Ethanol	DMPA/MBA	73	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［68］
Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation	VIM 4-VP VIM	Ethanol Ethanol Ethanol	DMPA/MBA DMPA/MBA DMPA/MBA	77 26 36	ICP-OES FAAS FAAS	Preconcentration Preconcentration Preconcentration	［68］［69］［69］
Sol-gel Surface imprinting Surface imprinting	CS MPTS CS	Acetic acid Methanol，DMF Acetic acid	—/ECH	155 35 81	AAS AAS FAAS	Preconcentration Preconcentration Preconcentration	［70］［71］［72］
Bulk polymerization	4-VP	Acetonitrile	AIBN/EGDMA	19	FAAS	SPE	［73］
Precipitation	2-PA，2-VP	Methanol	AIBN/EGDMA	72	FAAS	SPE	［74］
Surface imprinting	MAA	DMSO	APS/EGDMA		DPSV	ECS	［75］
Precipitation	ATMIX	Acetonitrile	AIBN/EGDMA		MFS	ECS	［76］
Precipitation	L	Acetonitrile	AIBN/EGDMA	2	FAAS	ECS	［77］
Bulk polymerization	BQSB，4-VP	Acetonitrile	APS/EGDMA		DPSV	ECS	［78］

Imprinting strategy	Monomer	Solvent	Initiator/Crosslinker	Adsorption capacity/（mg·g^-1）	Detection method	Application	Ref.
Sol-gel	CS	Acetic acid	—/Glutaraldehyde	125	ICP-OES	Membrane	［63］
Sol-gel	CS	Acetic acid	—/Glutaraldehyde	2 312	FAAS	Membrane	［64］
Sol-gel	CS	H₂O	—/Glutaraldehyde	89	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［65］
Surface imprinting	Tu	Ethanol	—/Glutaraldehyde	156	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［66］
Surface imprinting	MPTS	Toluene		91	FAAS	Preconcentration	［67］
Precipitation	4-VP	Ethanol	DMPA/MBA	73	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［68］
Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation	VIM 4-VP VIM	Ethanol Ethanol Ethanol	DMPA/MBA DMPA/MBA DMPA/MBA	77 26 36	ICP-OES FAAS FAAS	Preconcentration Preconcentration Preconcentration	［68］［69］［69］
Sol-gel Surface imprinting Surface imprinting	CS MPTS CS	Acetic acid Methanol，DMF Acetic acid	—/ECH	155 35 81	AAS AAS FAAS	Preconcentration Preconcentration Preconcentration	［70］［71］［72］
Bulk polymerization	4-VP	Acetonitrile	AIBN/EGDMA	19	FAAS	SPE	［73］
Precipitation	2-PA，2-VP	Methanol	AIBN/EGDMA	72	FAAS	SPE	［74］
Surface imprinting	MAA	DMSO	APS/EGDMA		DPSV	ECS	［75］
Precipitation	ATMIX	Acetonitrile	AIBN/EGDMA		MFS	ECS	［76］
Precipitation	L	Acetonitrile	AIBN/EGDMA	2	FAAS	ECS	［77］
Bulk polymerization	BQSB，4-VP	Acetonitrile	APS/EGDMA		DPSV	ECS	［78］

Imprinting strategy	Monomer	Solvent	Initiator/crosslinker	Adsorption capacity/（mg·g^-1）	Detection method	Application	Ref.
Sol-gel	CS	DMSO	—/ECH	653	AAS	Preconcentration	［79］
Sol-gel	CS	Acetic acid	—/ECH	326	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［81］
Surface imprinting	NB， CS	Acetic acid	—/Glyoxal	275	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［82］
Bulk polymerization	APDC， DMG	Ethanol	AIBN/DVB		ETAAS	Preconcentration	［83］
Bulk polymerization	4-VP， 2-ABN	Toluene	AIBN/DVB	39	AAS	Preconcentration	［84］
Precipitation	4-VP， 8-AQ	2-Methoxyethanol	AIBN/EGDMA	60	ICP-OES	Preconcentration	［85］
Surface imprinting	AHTB	Methanol	AIBN/EGDMA	60	AAS	Preconcentration	［87］
Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation	ATU ATU 4-VP	Methanol DMF H₂O Methanol	AIBN/EGDMA AIBN/EGDMA AIBN/EGDMA	46 83	AAS AAS DPSV	Preconcentration Preconcentration ECS	［89］［90］［91］