Research Progress on Intermetallic Compound Electrocatalysts Applied in the Interconversion Between Hydrogen and Electric Power

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230130

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 1140-1157.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230130

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Research Progress on Intermetallic Compound Electrocatalysts Applied in the Interconversion Between Hydrogen and Electric Power

Jin-Hui LIANG, Le-Cheng LIANG, Zhi-Ming CUI()

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，South China University of Technology，Guangzhou 510641，China

Received:2023-05-04 Accepted:2023-07-06 Published:2023-08-01 Online:2023-08-24
Contact: Zhi-Ming CUI
About author:zmcui@scut.edu.cn
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.?22072048）?, Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology （Nos.?2021A1515010128, 2022A0505050013）and the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry(SKLEAC202208)

Abstract

Abstract:

The huge importance of sustainable energy makes the research of the green and environmental hydrogen energy active in the world. Energy conversion and storage technologies （such as fuel cells or water electrolysis） are capable of readily promoting the interconversion between hydrogen and electric power， for which the development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts is prerequisite. Ordered intermetallic compounds are considered as superior electrocatalysts for energy conversion storage technologies and ideal models for studying the relationship between catalytic activity and structure due to uniform distribution of active sites on surface， well-defined stoichiometry and the better control of the local geometry and electronic structure of metal atoms， compared to disordered alloys as their counterparts. In this review， the challenges of catalysts with regard to hydrogen-electric conversion and the advantages of intermetallic compounds in electrocatalysis are firstly introduced. Secondly， research progress on intermetallic compounds electrocatalysts applied in the interconversion between hydrogen and electric power is mainly discussed from the perspective of activity and stability. Finally， the future development prospects of intermetallic electrocatalysts are summarized and prospected.

Key words: Interconversion between hydrogen and electric power, Intermetallic compounds, Electrocatalysis

CLC Number:

O643.3

Jin-Hui LIANG, Le-Cheng LIANG, Zhi-Ming CUI. Research Progress on Intermetallic Compound Electrocatalysts Applied in the Interconversion Between Hydrogen and Electric Power[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2023, 40(8): 1140-1157.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of working principle of proton exchange membrane fuel cell including components［5］

Fig.2 Hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction of electrocatalytic water splitting［27］

Fig.3 Cell diagram of （a） Disordered PtM alloy （face-centered cubic），（b）Pt3M intermetallic compound （face-centered cubic），（c） PtM intermetallic compound （body-centered cubic），（d） PtM3 intermetallic compound （face-centered cubic），（e） PtM3Nintermetallic compound

Fig.4 （a） Preparation scheme of ordered Pt3Mn/rGO-HF，（b） Phase diagram of water，（c） TEM image of Pt3Mn/rGO-HF showing the ultra-small particle size of the synthesized ordered Pt3Mn，（d） The free energies of the intermediates along with the reaction on Pt（111） and ordered Pt3Mn（111） toward ORR［38］

Fig.5 （a） Schematic of the preparation for Pt3Co nanoparticles confined in MOF-derived mesoporous carbon via the freeze dry impregnation and high temperature treatment method. TEM images of different Pt3Co electrocatalysts：（b and c） Pt3Co/DMC-F，（d） Pt3Co/C-F， and （e） Pt3Co/DMC. （f） The comparison of the ORR LSV curves between different electrocatalysts，（g） The comparison of the stability between Pt3Co/DMC-F and commercial Pt/C，（h） H2-air single cell polarization plots of the Pt3Co/DMC-F and the commercial Pt/C enabled MEAs， respectively［39］

Fig.6 （a） Schematic representation of the synthesis route to PtZn/MWNT@mSiO2. （b， c） High-resolution HAADF- STEM images of PtZn nanoparticles. The red and green spheres in panel b represent Pt and Zn atoms. （c， d） HAADF-STEM image of a single PtZn nanoparticles. （e-g） Elemental mappings of Pt versus Zn （e）， Pt （f）， and Zn （g）. Scale bar， 1 nm. （h） Cyclic voltammetry and （i） Chronoamperometry of PtZn/MWNT-E， Pt/MWNT-E， PtZn/MWNT （synthesized in the absence of mSiO2）， and commercial Pt/Vulcan catalysts measured at room temperature in argon-purged 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 and 1 mol/L methano. （j） Specific activity and mass activity at 0.65 V（vs.Ag/AgCl） reference electrode，（k） Cyclic voltammetry and （l） Chronoamperometry of PtZn/MWNT-E， Pt/MWNT-E， PtZn/MWNT （synthesized in absence of mSiO2） and commercial Pt/Vulcan catalysts measured at room temperature in argon-purged 0.1 mol/L KOH and 0.5 mol/L methanol. （m） Specific activity and mass activity at -0.1 V（vs.Ag/AgCl） electrode. All the measurements were repeated 3 times， and currents were normalized to the electrochemical surface area （ECSA）［48］

Fig.7 （a） The unit cell of PdFe3N. （b） High-resolution HAADF STEM images of PdFe3N/N-rGO nanoparticles. The red， yellow and green spheres in panel represent Pd， Fe and N atoms， respectively. （c） X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns of PdFe3N/N-rGO and PdFe3/rGO. （d） Cyclic voltammogram （CV） curves recorded in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution with a scan rate of 50 mV/s. （e） Formic acid oxidation reaction （FAOR） curves for catalysts recorded in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4+0.5 mol/L HCOOH solution with a scan rate of 20 mV/s. （f） CO-stripping test. （g） The chronoamperometry test for three catalysts in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4+0.5 mol/L HCOOH solution at 0.2 V. （h） Comparison of the mass activity of three catalysts before and after CV cyclic stability test. （i） The leaching of Fe in the samples in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution. （j） Optimized surface slabs with HCOOH*， CO*， and CO*+OH* on PdFe3N （111）（H in white）. Gibbs free energy diagrams of formic acid oxidation for indirect reaction pathway on （k） Pd （111） and （l） PdFe3N （111） at U=0 V， respectively［54］

Fig.8 （a） Schematic of the preparation for the CNT-supported Intermetallic IrMo nanoparticle by freeze-drying impregnation and annealing reduction. （b） Alkaline and acidic HER polarization curves with the current density normalized by ECSA for comparison of the kinetics and intrinsic activity between acidic and alkaline HER for IrMo/CNT， Ir/C， and Pt/C. （c） Comparison of the TOF at η=15 mV. （d） Comparison of the intrinsic Tafel slopes extracted from the Tafel plots with the current density normalized by the ECSA of the electrocatalysts in acidic and alkaline electrolytes. （e） Comparison of the acid-alkaline HER gap factor on specific activity （SA）， TOF， and Tafel slope. The acid-alkaline HER gap factor can be determined by SAacid/SAalkaline， TOFacid/TOFalkaline， or intrinsic Tafel slopealkaline/intrinsic Tafel slopeacid. （f） Gibbs free energy diagram for HER reaction based on Volmer-Heyrovsky process，（g） Electron localization function （ELF） plot of the IrMo （001）-OH slab adsorbed with a H* and OH*［57］

Fig.9 （a） Scheme of partial substitution of the Co site of Co3-x Fe x Mo3N （0≤x≤3），（b） Scheme of the OER mechanism on the CoFeMoOOH surface. （c） Gibbs free energy diagram of the OER at the Co sites on the CoFeMoOOH and CoMoOOH surfaces. （d） Linear sweeping voltammetry （LSV） curves of Co3-x Fe x Mo3N and commercial IrO2 measured in O2 saturated 1.0 mol/L KOH solutions at the scan rate of 1 mV/s and （e） its derived Tafel plots. （f） Comparison of the overpotential at 10 mA/m2， the overpotential at 100 mA/cm2， and the Tafel slopes of Co2.5Fe0.5Mo3N， Co3Mo3N and IrO2，（g） LSV curves of Co3Mo3N and Co2.5Fe0.5Mo3N normalized by their ECSAs. （h） Comparison of the selected OER electrocatalysts，（i） Chronopotentiometric curves of Co2.5Fe0.5Mo3N at the current density of 100 mA/cm2［64］

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Research Progress on Intermetallic Compound Electrocatalysts Applied in the Interconversion Between Hydrogen and Electric Power

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