Research Progress on Superhydrophilic/Superaerophobic Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230126

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 1109-1125.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230126

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Research Progress on Superhydrophilic/Superaerophobic Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting

Cui-Ying TAN¹^,², Wei-Chao DING¹, Ting-Ting MA¹, Yao XIAO¹(), Jian LIU²()

^1.College of Materials Science and Engineering，Qingdao University of Science and Technology，Qingdao 266042，China
^2.Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology，Chinese Academy of Science，Qingdao 266101，China

Received:2023-04-29 Accepted:2023-07-06 Published:2023-08-01 Online:2023-08-24
Contact: Yao XIAO,Jian LIU
About author:liujian@qibebt.ac.cn
xiaoyao@qust.edu.cn
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22109081);the National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202210426071)

Abstract

Abstract:

Among many hydrogen production technologies， electrolysis of water has many obvious advantages， such as environmentally friendly， simple and easy to operate. Industrial-scale hydrogen production is typically carried out at high current density. A great number of H₂ bubbles will generate on the electrode surface during the process of hydrogen production. The aggregation and adhesion of bubbles on the electrode surface will lead to a large number of active sites being covered， resulting in the reduction of the efficiency. Therefore， regulating bubble wetting behavior is crucial for industrial electrolysis of water. In recent years， superaerophobic materials have attracted much attention due to their unique wetting capabilities. Superwetting interface materials can be constructed by controlling the chemical composition of the electrode surface and constructing rough structure at micro and nano scales. This type of material has a superhydrophilic/superaerophobic interface structure， which facilitates the effective infiltration of aqueous electrolyte and accelerates the release of in-situ generated bubbles， thus enhancing the water splitting performance of the catalyst. This paper systematically introduces the water splitting catalysts with superhydrophilic/superaerophobic interfacial structures reported in recent years， outlines the synthetic design strategies and catalytic performance of the catalysts， and the current research status， challenges and application prospects of superwetting water splitting catalysts are summarized and prospected.

Key words: Superaerophobic, Superhydrophilic, Interface, Water splitting, Nanomaterial

CLC Number:

O646

Cui-Ying TAN, Wei-Chao DING, Ting-Ting MA, Yao XIAO, Jian LIU. Research Progress on Superhydrophilic/Superaerophobic Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2023, 40(8): 1109-1125.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Schematic illustration of how the surface roughness affecting the bubble contact angle：（A） flat aerophobic surface，（B） rough superaerophobic surface，（C） flat hydrophilic surface，（D） rough superhydrophilic surface

Fig.2 （A） Bubble evolution process；（B） Stress analysis of one single bubble on the electrode surface；（C） Illustration of electrodes for water splitting

Fig.3 Nanocomposite catalyst：（A） Ni/NiMoN nanowire array［99］；（B） Nanoparticles distributed on the nanoparticle；（C） Interconnected nanoparticle structures

Fig.4 （A） Schematic illustration of the growth of gas bubbles on a flat film electrode and SP assemblies［66］；（B） The preparation process of the self-supported electrocatalysts with hierarchical chestnut burr-like structures and schematic diagram for overall water splitting application［69］；（C） Schematic illustration of the fabrication of Ni-MoO2/NF and NiMoO4/NF［70］；（D） Simulation frames showing bubble shape during transport in 3DPNi and NF［71］；（E）（i） Schemic of the synthesis of Ni3S2-NiFe LDHs/NF and surface wettability and bubble releasing behavior of the （ii） NF，（iii） NiFe LDHs/NF and （iv） Ni3S2-NiFe LDHs/NF-2［77］；（F） Schematic illustration of the fabrication of hierarchically structured 3D electrocatalytic electrode by growing me-soporous network of NiFe-LDH nanosheets onto macroporous MXene/NF frame［79］

Fig.5 （A） Schematic illustration of adhesion behaviors of gas bubbles on flat film （left） and nanostructured film （right）?［9］；（B） Design of the superhydrophilic/superaerophobic CoMoS x /NF electrocatalysts for overall water splitting［84］；（C）（i）Schematic illustration of CoMoS x supported on the NF with three distinct geometries，（ii） SEM images of CoMoS x /NF at different reaction times，（iii） air-bubble contact angles under water and （iv） static water-droplet contact angles［83］；（D） Schematic depictions of the preparation of a cobalt pyrite （CoS2） film， microwire array， or nanowire array on a graphite disk （or glass） substrate［15］；（E） Schematic illustration of the preparation of Cu3P microsheets［92］；（F） Schematic illustration of the synthetic process for Ni2P nanoarrays［93］

Table 1 The performance of electrolytic water catalysts with superhydrophilic/superaerophobic interface structure in 2014-2023

Catalyst	η^a （HER/OER）/mV	Bubble contact angle/（°）	Stability/h	Ref.
Pt nanoarray	-/-	161.3±3.4	36（-0.5 V）	［21］
Pt SP₅	η_14.3=15 mV/-	—	11（30 mA/cm²）	［66］
Ni/NiO@MoO_3-_x	η₁₀=7 mV/-	149.4	40（100 mA/cm²）	［67］
Ni-MoO₂/NF	η₂₀=1.53 V/-	—	120（1.53 V）	［70］
CoO/Co₃O₄	η₁₀=105 mV/η₁₀=235 mV	—	72	［69］
C-Ni_1-_x O/3DPNi	η₁₀₀₀=245 mV/-	—	16（2.2 V）	［71］
Ru/Co（OH）₂	η₁₀=35 mV/-	141	14（500 mA/cm²）	［75］
P-Ni（OH）₂/NiMoO₄	η₁₀=60 mV/-	153.8	30	［76］
NiFe-LDHs/NF	-/η₁₀₀₀=303 mV	—	240	［77］
Pt@S-NiFe LDHs	η₁₀=60 mV/-	163.6	200 （100 mA/cm²）	［78］
3D NiFe/MXene	η₅₀₀=205 mV/η₅₀₀=30 200 mV	—	280（10 mA/cm）²	［79］
CoS₂	η₁₀=145 mV/-	—	40 （10 mA）	［15］
MoS₂	—	153.6±2.4	—	［9］
CoMoS _x /NF	η₁₀=89 mV/-	—	100 （500 mA/cm²）	［83-84］
MoS₂/Mo₂C	η₁₀₀₀=220 mV/-	—	24	［81］
FeCoNi-HNTAs	η₁₀=58 mV/η₁₀=184 mV	171.0	100（50 mA/cm²）	［86］
FeS/IF	η₁₀₀₀=336 mV/-	151.7	30	［91］
Fe-Ni-P-S	—	142.3	300（2 500 mA/cm²）	［85］
CuMo₆S₈/Cu	η₂₅₀₀=321 mV/-	—	100（2 500 mA/cm²）	［82］
Cu₃P	η₁₀=130 mV/η₁₀=290 mV	155.7	24	［92］
Ni₂P/NF	η₁₀₀₀=306 mV/-	—	10（25000 mA/cm²）	［93］
Ni₂P NV/CF	η₁₀=1.48 V/-	—	50	［94］
NF@Co _x P	η₁₀=185 mV/-	—	12 （800 mA/cm²）	［95］

Fig.6 Gas-involving reactions based on superwetting electrodes

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Research Progress on Superhydrophilic/Superaerophobic Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting

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