Research Progress of Deep Eutectic Solvent and Its Application Prospects as Antistatic Agents

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220227

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 341-359.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220227

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Research Progress of Deep Eutectic Solvent and Its Application Prospects as Antistatic Agents

Qi-Hang CHEN, Fei-Jian XU, Feng WANG, Shuang-Chan FU, Ying-Hao YU()

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，South China University of Technology，Guangzhou 510641，China

Received:2022-06-30 Accepted:2022-11-09 Published:2023-03-01 Online:2023-03-27
Contact: Ying-Hao YU
About author:ceyhyu@scut.edu.cn
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676099);the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515010140)

Abstract

Abstract:

With the development of science and technology， environmentally friendly green chemistry has gradually become the mainstream of the times. Low-toxic， non-toxic， recyclable， and biodegradable materials have become the center of current research. Ionic liquid is a kind of liquid composed entirely of ions. It is a kind of green solvent which is odorless， non-flammable， extremely low in vapor pressure， and recyclable and can be separated from other substances easily. It also has a wide operating temperature range， good thermal and chemical stability. Deep eutectic solvents are a large class of eutectic mixtures that have many similar physical properties to ionic liquids. They are mostly liquids at room temperature. Compared with ionic liquids， deep eutectic solvents have lower costs， simpler preparation methods， and better moisture resistance， which makes them more promising in industry. As an emerging research field， deep eutectic solvents have received extensive attention and research in the field of chemistry， but the research on deep eutectic solvents for functional materials for energy and environmental applications is still in the early stage of exploration. In addition to being widely used as inert media and reagents for synthesizing materials， deep eutectic solvents can also be directly used as functional materials， such as electrolytes in electrochemical energy storage devices or adsorbents in adsorption and extraction processes. Therefore， in this review the fundamentals of deep eutectic solvents and their application in the field of material chemistry， especially the application of functional materials is introduced， and the application of deep eutectic solvents in the field of antistatic is analyzed and prospected in combination with related reports.

Key words: Ionic liquids, Deep eutectic solvents, Functional materials, Antistatic

CLC Number:

O645

Qi-Hang CHEN, Fei-Jian XU, Feng WANG, Shuang-Chan FU, Ying-Hao YU. Research Progress of Deep Eutectic Solvent and Its Application Prospects as Antistatic Agents[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2023, 40(3): 341-359.

Figures/Tables 14

Table 1 The main types of deep eutectic solvents［11］

Type	Composition	Formula	Example
Ⅰ	Metal salt+organic salt	Cat⁺X ^-zMCl _x M=Zn，Sn，Fe，Al，Ga，In	ZnCl₂+ChCl
Ⅱ	Metal salt hydrate+organic salt	Cat⁺X ^-zMCl _x ·yH₂OM=Cr，Co，Cu，Ni，Fe	6H₂O+ChCl
Ⅲ	Organic salt+HBD	Cat⁺X ^-zRZZ=CONH₂，COOH，OH	ChCl+Urea
Ⅳ	Metal salt （hydrate）+HBD	MCl _x +RZ=MCl _x-₁·RZ+MCl _x₊₁M=Al，ZnZ=CONH₂，OH	ZnCl₂+Urea

Fig.1 Composition and common components of DESs［12］

Fig.2 Application of DESs in various fields

Fig.3 Solubility isotherms of CO2 in the prepared DESs as a function of pressure.The effects of （A） the halide ion，（B） the temperature and （C） the HBD∶HBA ratio on the CO2 solubility are presented［21］

Fig.4 Carbon dioxide solubility （A） in L-menthol/thymol， thymol/2，6-xylenol， ChCl/urea， and ChCl/ethylene glycol at 303.15 K （B） and in MTH， T26X，［BIMI］［BF4］， and ［BMIM］［TfO］ at 313.15 K；（C） Temperature dependence of carbon dioxide solubility at medium pressure ~2.6 MPa in L-menthol/thymol and thymol/2，6-xylenol［23］

Fig.5 Comparison of SO2 absorption by four DESs as a function of time at 20 ℃ and 1×105 Pa （a）. Effect of water on SO2 absorption capacity in EmimCl-Im at 20 ℃ and 1×105 Pa （b）［24］

Fig.6 （A） Correlation between the solubility of a variety of metal oxides in three deep eutectic solvents and the solubility in 3.14 mol/L HCl（aq） after equilibration for 2 days at 50 ℃［28］；（B） Metal content after solubilization of metal oxides in the deep eutectic solvent ptsa∶ChCl at different HBD∶HBA molar ratios at 50 ℃ and atmospheric pressure；（C） Solubility of metal oxides in different DESs： ptsa∶ChCl（1∶1）， malonic acid∶ChCl（1∶1）， urea∶ChCl（2∶1）， ethylene glycol∶ChCl（2∶1）， and HCl （3.14 mol/L）［30］

Table 2 Percentage conversion of ethyl valerate to butyl valerate at 60 ℃［33］

Solvent	iCALB	CALB	CALA	PCL	No enzyme
ChCl∶Acet	23 ^a	96	0.5	0.0	0.0
ChCl∶EG	11（99） ^b	32（93） ^b	3.0	0.2	0.0
ChCl∶Gly	96	96	70	22	0.0
ChCl∶MA	30	58	0.7	0.0	0.7
ChCl∶Urea	93	99	1.6	0.8	0.0
EAC∶Acet	63	92	2.7	0.0	0.0
EAC∶EG	23（54） ^b	33（79） ^b	20	0.0	0.0
EAC∶Gly	93	91	2.1	0.5	0.0
Toluene	92	92	76	5.0	0.0

Fig.7 （A） Synthesis of Z-vinyl Selenocyanates；（B） Yield comparison of one-pot synthesis of Z-vinylselenocyanate using DESs as catalyst and catalyzed by standard reaction conditions［35］

Fig.8 Structures of PILs and HBDs［39］

Fig.9 （A） Proposed mechanism of carbon dioxide epoxy fixation catalyzed by protic ionic liquid-based deep eutectic solvents［39］；（B） Proposed mechanism of bisazole-based DESs for oxidative fixation of sulfur dioxide［24］

Fig.10 ［PG-CaCl2-0.5］-gel applied in stretchable and flexible electroluminescent devices at room and cold environment：（a） Diagram of the as-prepared electroluminescent device；（b） Luminance of the prepared electroluminescent device as a function of temperature， showing that luminance becomes brighter as the temperature increases；（c） Photos of the prepared electroluminescent device in darkroom at 20 ℃ and -20 ℃. Images of the prepared electroluminescent device in darkroom at 20 ℃ and -20 ℃ with （d） stretching and （e） bending［42］

Fig.11 （a） Two free-standing SSHTPs are cut into two halves， and they can be rejoined into a new one after healing for 24 h （i）. It can bear （ii） or lift （iii） a 500 g load without any fracture， which is larger than 500× its own mass；（b） Optical microscopy images of healed SSHTPs with different healing times at 80 ℃［53］

Fig.12 Antistatic effect of the AA/ChCl content on printed parts： ρs and ρv （a）， ρsvs temperature （b）， ρsvs storage time （c） and ρs after ethanol washing （d）［57］

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Research Progress of Deep Eutectic Solvent and Its Application Prospects as Antistatic Agents

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