Research Progress on Metal Halide Long Persistent Luminescence Materials

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250386

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 1-14.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250386

• Review •

Research Progress on Metal Halide Long Persistent Luminescence Materials

Li ZHOU¹^,², Qing-Xing YANG¹^,², MATSVEYENKA-Yury³, ROGACHEV-Alexandr³, Jing FENG¹^,²(), Hong-Jie ZHANG¹^,²()

^1.China-Belarus Belt and Road Joint Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing，Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Changchun 130022，China
^2.School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering，University of Science and Technology of China，Hefei 230026，China
^3.Institute of Chemistry of New Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus，Minsk 220141，Belarus

Received:2025-10-09 Accepted:2025-11-18 Published:2026-01-01 Online:2026-01-26
Contact: Jing FENG,Hong-Jie ZHANG
About author:hongjie@ciac.ac.cn
fengj@ciac.ac.cn
Supported by:
Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan(YDZJ202302CXJD065);the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22271273)

Abstract

Abstract:

As a new type of luminescent material， metal halide long persistent luminescence materials have attracted increasing attention from researchers. These materials exhibit outstanding optical properties such as tunable emission color， high emission efficiency， and ultra-long persistent luminescence， have shown great application potential in various fields such as indicator signs， anti-counterfeiting， information storage， and X-ray imaging. Therefore， advancing the performance development and optimization of metal halide long persistent luminescence materials is of paramount theoretical significance and practical application value. This review summarizes the representative research progress of metal halide long persistent luminescence materials， reviews the ion doping strategies of regulating the long persistent luminescence properties， and enumerates their applications in anti-counterfeiting， information encryption and storage， as well as X-ray detection and imaging. Finally， the current research status and existing challenges in this field are analyzed in depth， and prospects for its future development are presented.

Key words: Metal halides, Long persistent luminescence materials, Ion doping, Optoelectronic applications

CLC Number:

O611

Li ZHOU, Qing-Xing YANG, MATSVEYENKA-Yury, ROGACHEV-Alexandr, Jing FENG, Hong-Jie ZHANG. Research Progress on Metal Halide Long Persistent Luminescence Materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2026, 43(1): 1-14.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Applications of metal halide long persistent luminescence materials

Fig.2 （A） The long persistent luminescence decay curve at 996 nm of Cs2Na0.2Ag0.8InCl6∶Yb3+ crystal within 2 h［30］；（B） Normalized long persistent luminescence decay curves of different NCs［32］；（C） Long persistent luminescence decay curve of Cs2NaScCl6∶Tb3+ ［33］

Fig.3 （A） TL curve and decomposed Gaussian fitting curve of Cs2CdCl4∶0.2Mn2+［36］；（B） Long persistent luminescence decay curve of Cs2NaScCl6∶1%Sb3+，Mn2+ crystal［37］；（C） TL curves of Rb2Ag1-x Cu x Br3 （x=0， 0.01， 0.04， 0.12）［38］；（D） Normalized long persistent luminescence spectra of CsCdCl3 and CsCdCl3∶1%Zr4+ after being charged with a 254 nm ultraviolet lamp for 1 min at different ambient temperature［39］；（E） Chromaticity coordinates of CsCdCl3∶xZr4+ （x=0 and 1%） at 200 and 300 K［39］

Fig.4 （A） Long persistent luminescence decay curve of Cs2NaInCl6∶3%Ag，3%Bi after pre-irradiated by X-ray （50 kV）［41］；（B） Long persistent luminescence decay curve of Cs2K0.6Ag0.4InCl6∶20%Mn crystal. The inset shows the rising stage after charging under 355 nm excitation. S and S′ represent the total charging energy and the released persistent luminescence energy， respectively［42］；（C） Plot of S′ and S against the doping mole fraction of alkali metal ions［42］；（D） Photographs of long persistent luminescence of Cs3Cd2Cl7 single crystals doped with different ions［44］

Fig.5 （A） Photographs of the letter “G” and the number “8” made from CsCdCl3∶0.1%Sb3+ and CsCdCl3∶1%Sb3+ samples［45］；（B） The “dragon”-shaped pattern fabricated by coating Cs2NaYb0.94Er0.06 NCs on a black iron plate［46］；（C） Squirrel pattern images under 256 and 365 nm ultraviolet light excitation， captured at different delay times after the cessation of excitation［47］

Fig.6 （A） Schematic diagram of dual-mode information storage-readout based on CsCdCl3 sample［48］；（B） Information storage and complex encryption application of CsCdCl3∶Mn2+ ［49］；（C） Time valve controlled CsCdCl3∶x%Br- and CsCdCl3∶x%Sn2+ for multilevel information encryption and storage［50］

Fig.7 Schematic of X-ray detectors based on CsCdCl3∶5%Mn2+，0.1%Zr4+ for imaging ［54］. （A） Photographs of PMMA-polymer film with CsCdCl3∶5%Mn2+，0.1%Zr4+ crystals under ambient light and ultraviolet light；（B） X-ray images of an earphone；（C） The MTF curve of the film and its resolution；（D） Schematic diagram showing nondestructive inspection of 3D curved objects enabled by the PDMS-polymer film with CsCdCl3∶5%Mn2+，0.1%Zr4+ crystals；（E） Imaging of annulus electric conduction link using the flat-panel PDMS-polymer film （5 cm×2.5 cm）；（F） Curved planar reformation of the annulus electric conduction link using high flexible PDMS-polymer film （5 cm×5 cm）. The image read out temperature is 100 ℃

Fig.8 （A-F） Inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 using UVC-long persistence luminescence phosphor sheets［56］. Confocal micrographs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 （A） under ambient conditions， irradiated with X-rays for （B） 2 min，（C） 5 min，（D） 10 min and （E） 16 min. Live cells and dead cells are shown in green and red， respectively；（F） Dependence of the survival rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 on the X-ray irradiation time of the given phosphor sheet

Fig.9 Time-dependent NIR-Ⅱ persistent luminescence （center） and NIR-Ⅱ PL （right） images of a ureter in a living mouse after renal pelvic injection of Er-PLNPs （left）. Scale bar： 100 μm［58］

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Research Progress on Metal Halide Long Persistent Luminescence Materials

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