Research Progress on Nanozymes in the Treatment of Ophthalmic Diseases

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240348

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 1679-1696.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240348

• Review • Next Articles

Research Progress on Nanozymes in the Treatment of Ophthalmic Diseases

Shuang LIU, Si-Ying TENG, Peng HUI, Ya-Bin SUN()

Ophthalmology Department，First Hospital of Jilin University，Changchun 130021，China

Received:2024-11-01 Accepted:2024-11-14 Published:2024-12-01 Online:2025-01-02
Contact: Ya-Bin SUN
About author:yabin@jlu.edu.cn
Supported by:
the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province(20200201424JC)

Abstract

Abstract:

Moderate levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS） are essential in modulating a range of physiological processes in living organisms. An increase in ROS content can result in oxidative stress and harm to biological molecules， resulting in various diseases. Due to prolonged exposure to light， the eyes with high metabolic activity are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress， which is strongly associated with the onset and progression of various ophthalmic diseases. Therefore， it is crucial to eliminate ROS and maintain oxidation-reduction homeosta. With the progress of nanotechnology， nanozymes with enzyme-like activities， such as catalase （CAT） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）， have attracted extensive attention due to their stability， ease of preparation， and good biocompatibility， in regulating oxidation-reduction homeosta and alleviating ROS-related damage. In this review， we systematically summarize the relationship between reactive oxygen species and ophthalmic diseases， the research progress of nanozymes in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases， and the challenges and difficulties in clinical translation.

Key words: Nanozymes, Ophthalmic diseases, Reactive oxygen species

CLC Number:

O611

Shuang LIU, Si-Ying TENG, Peng HUI, Ya-Bin SUN. Research Progress on Nanozymes in the Treatment of Ophthalmic Diseases[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2024, 41(12): 1679-1696.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Application of nanozymes in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases

Fig.2 （A） Illustrative representation of the synthesis of dual-atom nanozyme and disrupting the detrimental cycle of DED through the suppression of NLPR3 inflammasome activation［66］；（B） Cs@P/CeO2 inhibits the production of ROS in cells， downregulates inflammatory processes， and induces polarization of macrophages［68］；（C） A schematic representation of the synthesis of Ce@PBD and the mechanism of action， which clears excessively accumulated ROS and can restore the tear film［75］；（D） Schematic representation of the synthesis process for PBnZ nanozyme-based eye drops， which can alleviate DED by increasing the time of corneal residence and continuously clearing ROS［77］；（E） Illustrative representation of the synthesis of C-dots@Gel， which efficiently alleviates DED by maintaining the stability of the tear film， prolonging the secretion of tears， restoring the corneal surface integrity， and increasing the cup-shaped cell group of the conjunctiva［79］

Fig.3 （A） The preparation process of Fe-Quer NZs and the synthesized multifunctional nanozymes have excellent water solubility and high efficiency in clearing ROS and anti-vascular permeability， microvascular hemangioma and anti-angiogenesis effects［80］；（B） Pt NPs reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses， and increase the survival of rod and cone photoreceptors （PRs）［81］

Fig.4 （A） Figure illustrating the synthesis of Fe-curcumin nanozyme and downregulation of inflammatory factors including IFN-γ， IL-17， and TNF-α， as well as inhibition of Th1 and Th17 cell proliferation［87］；（B） Schematic illustration of the synthesis of CX3CL1@PEI-PBA-HA/CeNPs and delivering functional molecules of CX3CL1/CeNPs for coordinated regulation of inflammation and the immune microenvironment［92］

Fig.5 A schematic diagram of the synthesis of MGMN， employed in the management of infectious keratitis. The elimination of microorganisms including bacteria and fungi， and the regulation of overactive inflammatory reactions. The cascade reaction involving SOD and CAT is used to transform surplus ROS into oxygen， thus relieving hypoxic conditions and facilitating the repair of epithelial tissue［98］

Fig.6 （A） A diagram illustrating the mechanism of treatment using Pd nanocrystals， Pd nanocrystals reduce oxidative stress in HSF exposed to hypoxia， regulate the Nrf-2/Ho-1 signaling pathway， and prevent Col-1 oxidative degradation［116］；（B） A schematic diagram of the synthesis of Cu MOF nanozymes and its application in treating chemical corneal burns［119］

Fig.7 A diagrammatic representation of retinal neovascularization disease caused by hypoxia， along with the application of Pt@MitoLipo nanozymes for targeted scavenging of mitochondrial ROS and alleviation of hypoxia in the treatment of retinal neovascular diseases［124］

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Research Progress on Nanozymes in the Treatment of Ophthalmic Diseases

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