Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Zn-CdS/g-C3N4 Composites

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240289

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 1196-1208.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240289

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Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Zn-CdS/g-C₃N₄ Composites

Hao-Ying ZHAI, Qin YANG, Yi WU, Hong-Yang JIANG, Wen-Jun ZHOU()

Key Laboratory of Fruit Waste Treatment and Resource Recycling of Sichuan Provincial College，Special Agricultural Resources in Tuojiang River Basin Sharing and Service Platform of Sichuan Province，College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Neijiang Normal University，Neijiang 641100，China

Received:2024-09-04 Accepted:2025-07-16 Published:2025-09-01 Online:2025-09-28
Contact: Wen-Jun ZHOU
About author:zhwj84@126.com
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21801176);the Key Research Project of Neijiang Normal University(2021ZD05)

Abstract

Abstract:

Under strong light irradiation， CdS quantum dots are prone to photocorrosion. The photocatalytic performance and photostability of CdS can be improved by metal doping and recombination. In this paper， Zn-doped CdS/g-C₃N₄ composite nanomaterials （Zn-CdS/g-C₃N₄） were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The morphology， structure and composition of Zn-CdS/g-C₃N₄ were characterized by scanning electron microscope （SEM）， transmission electron microscope （TEM）， X-ray diffraction （XRD）， X-ray photoelectron spectrometer （XPS） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）. The results show that Zn-CdS nanoparticles are attached on g-C₃N₄ to form Zn-CdS/g-C₃N₄ composite nanomaterials with the smaller band gap and lower recombination rate of electron-hole. The photocatalytic performance of Zn-CdS/g-C₃N₄ for rhodamine B （RhB） was studied. Under the optimum conditions， the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of as-prepared Zn-CdS/g-C₃N₄ is up to 99% after 40 min of light irradiation with 500 W Xe lamp. In addition， the synthesized Zn-CdS/g-C₃N₄ composites have high photostability and good reproducibility. This is attributed to the synergistic effect between Zn and Cd and the recombination with g-C₃N₄， which promotes the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers.

Key words: CdS, g-C₃N₄, Hydrothermal method, Rhodamine B, Photocatalytic degradation

CLC Number:

O611

Hao-Ying ZHAI, Qin YANG, Yi WU, Hong-Yang JIANG, Wen-Jun ZHOU. Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Zn-CdS/g-C₃N₄ Composites[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2025, 42(9): 1196-1208.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 SEM images of g-C3N4 （A） and Zn-CdS/g-C3N4 （B）； TEM images of g-C3N4 （C）， Zn-CdS/g-C3N4 （D）， Zn-CdS/g-C3N4 after one （E） and four cycles （F）

Fig.2 XRD （A） and FT-IR （B） patterns of different photocatalytic materials

Fig.3 XPS images of overall （A）， C1s （B）， N1s （C）， S2p （D）， Cd3d （E） and Zn2p （F） of Zn-CdS/g-C3N4 and CdS/g-C3N4

Fig.4 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms （A） and pore size distribution curves （B）

Fig.5 UV-Vis absorption spectra （A）， the plot of （αhv）2 and photon energy （hv）（B）， PL spectra （C） and EIS spectra （D） of Zn-CdS/g-C3N4， CdS/g-C3N4 and Zn-CdS

Fig.6 Degradation of RhB by the different photocatalysts （A）（Inset： influence of Zn2+ doping amount） and degradation of RhB after 60 min irradiation （B）

Table 1 Comparison of the results of the present study with those of related literatures

Material	Degradation efficiency/%	Time/min	Dye	Source light	Ref.
CdS/g-C₃N₄/MOF	90.2	90	RhB	Visible	［46］
Zn doped CdS	93	135	RhB	Visible	［47］
CdS/ZnS	83	60	MO	UV	［48］
CdS/g-C₃N₄	95	150	RhB	Visible	［49］
CdS-ZnS-BiPO₄	95	150	MB	Visible	［50］
CuS@ZnS	65	90	MB	UV	［51］
T-CN/CdS	100	60	RhB	Visible	［22］
P25/Zn_0.15Cd_0.85S 1-5	100	60	RhB	Visible	［52］
Zn-CdS/g-C₃N₄	99	40	RhB	Visible	This work

Fig.7 Influence of pH values on the degradation of RhB by Zn-CdS/g-C3N4 （A） and degradation of RhB by Zn-CdS/g-C3N4 after 60 min irradiation at different pH values （B）

Fig.8 Cyclability of Zn-CdS/g-C3N4 and CdS/g-C3N4

Fig.9 Photocatalytic kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of RhB by different photocatalytic materials （A） and RhB at different concentrations by Zn-CdS/g-C3N4 （B）

Table 2 Kinetic equations and apparent rate constants of photodegradation RhB by different materials

Material	Kinetic equation	Apparent rate constant（k）/min^-1	Correlation coefficient（R²）
CdS	ln （ρ₀/ρ）=0.01975t+0.01442	0.019 75	0.995 43
Zn-CdS	ln （ρ₀/ρ）=0.01335t+0.02642	0.013 35	0.989 50
g-C₃N₄	ln （ρ₀/ρ）=0.00663t+0.00228	0.006 63	0.991 28
Zn-g-C₃N₄	ln （ρ₀/ρ）=0.00604t+0.0026	0.006 04	0.992 42
CdS/g-C₃N₄	ln （ρ₀/ρ）=0.07482t-0.02937	0.074 82	0.999 23
ZnS	ln （ρ₀/ρ）=0.00368t-0.00947	0.003 68	0.973 92
Zn-CdS/g-C₃N₄	ln （ρ₀/ρ）=0.11267t+0.16488	0.112 67	0.991 59

Table 3 Kinetic equations and apparent rate constants of photodegradation RhB at different concentrations

ρ（RhB）/（mg?L^-1）	Kinetic equation	Apparent rate constant（k）/min^-1	Correlation coefficient（R²）
5	ln （ρ₀/ρ）=0.05586t+0.33524	0.055 86	0.957 85
10	ln （ρ₀/ρ）=0.06111t+0.29714	0.061 11	0.970 57
15	ln （ρ₀/ρ）=0.06897t+0.23238	0.068 97	0.982 06
20	ln （ρ₀/ρ）=0.07980t+0.27333	0.079 80	0.980 74
30	ln （ρ₀/ρ）=0.09371t+0.05048	0.093 71	0.993 22

Fig.10 Proposed mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of RhB in water by Zn-CdS/g-C3N4

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Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Zn-CdS/g-C₃N₄ Composites

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