Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 416-428.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240177

• Chemistry Teaching and Experiment Innovation • Previous Articles    

Optimization of Preparation and Characterization of Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate Crystals

Yi-En DU1(), Shao-Hua GUO2(), Ai-Hua ZHANG1   

  1. 1.Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Jinzhong University,Jinzhong 030619,China
    2.School of Modern Engineering and Applied Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China
  • Received:2024-06-05 Accepted:2024-12-23 Published:2025-03-01 Online:2025-04-11
  • Contact: Yi-En DU,Shao-Hua GUO
  • About author:shguo@nju.edu.cn
    duyien124@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the Teaching Reform and Innovation Project of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province(J20241335);the “Research Project on Higher Science Education” of the Professional Committee of Science Education, China Higher Education Society(21ZSKJYYB08)

Abstract:

The preparation of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) crystals is an important comprehensive synthesis experiment in inorganic chemistry. In this paper, a set of experimental equipment for the preparation of copper sulfate pentahydrate by the reaction of copper powder with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3) was designed. The experimental conditions were discussed. The structure of recrystallization product and the content of crystal water were analyzed by X-ray powder diffractometer and synchronous thermal analyzer. The experimental results indicate that by improving the experimental apparatus and optimization of the experimental method, not only the purity and yield of the prepared product were significantly increased, but also toxic gases such as NO and NO2 generated during the reaction process could be completely absorbed by the NaOH solution, thus achieving environmentally friendly green chemistry practices. This improvement and optimization not only increase the efficiency and safety of the experiment, but also promote the cultivation of students' experimental skills and scientific literacy.

Key words: Copper sulfate pentahydrate, Preparation, Experimental method optimization, Crystal, Compositional analysis

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