应用化学 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 365-376.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230262
• 综合评述 • 上一篇
顾婷婷1, 张科1, 张心周1, 刘阳1, 孙伟才1, 谭爱东2, 刘建国2()
收稿日期:
2023-08-30
接受日期:
2023-12-08
出版日期:
2024-03-01
发布日期:
2024-04-09
通讯作者:
刘建国
基金资助:
Ting-Ting GU1, Ke ZHANG1, Xin-Zhou ZHANG1, Yang LIU1, Wei-Cai SUN1, Ai-Dong TAN2, Jian-Guo LIU2()
Received:
2023-08-30
Accepted:
2023-12-08
Published:
2024-03-01
Online:
2024-04-09
Contact:
Jian-Guo LIU
About author:
jianguoliu@ncepu.edu.cnSupported by:
摘要:
气体扩散层在质子交换膜(PEM)水电解池中有着支撑膜组件、供给反应水、移除气体产物以及降低欧姆电阻的重要作用。 PEM水电解池阳极区具有酸性、富氧且高电位的工作环境,对阳极区的气体扩散层具有严苛的要求。 气体扩散层结构特性、导电性与耐腐蚀性是决定其电化学性能的关键。 本文总结了可用于PEM电解池阳极气体扩散层的材料,简述了其结构特性对PEM电解池电化学性能的影响,分析了各种镀层材料在提高气体扩散层的导电性、耐腐蚀性以及电解池阳极氧析出反应(OER)性能方面的作用。 最后,展望了气体扩散层在降低成本和提高电解池性能方面的研究趋势。
中图分类号:
顾婷婷, 张科, 张心周, 刘阳, 孙伟才, 谭爱东, 刘建国. 质子交换膜电解池阳极钛基气体扩散层研究进展[J]. 应用化学, 2024, 41(3): 365-376.
Ting-Ting GU, Ke ZHANG, Xin-Zhou ZHANG, Yang LIU, Wei-Cai SUN, Ai-Dong TAN, Jian-Guo LIU. Research Progress on Anodic Titanium‑Based Gas Diffusion Layer in Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2024, 41(3): 365-376.
图1 PEM电解池的工作原理图和阳极的气、液、固三相界面反应区示意图
Fig.1 Principle diagram of PEM electrolytic cell and schematic diagram of the interface between gas diffusion layer and membrane electrode
图2 (a)多孔钛粉烧结毡、(b)钛纤维烧结毡、(c)多孔钛箔和(d)泡沫钛的结构示意图
Fig.2 Schematic diagram of (a) porous titanium powder sintered felt, (b) titanium fiber sintered felt, (c) porous titanium foil and (d) metal foam
图3 气体扩散层与膜电极界面示意图[34]SL: support layer; MPL: mesoporous layer; CL: catalytic layer; MEM: mass exchange membrane
Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the interface between gas diffusion layer and membrane electrode[34]
Type | Raw material | Raw material diameter/μm | Porosity ratio/% | Pore diameter/μm | Thickness/μm | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Titanium powder sintered felt | Ordinary titanium powder | / | 10~33 | / | 253~526 | [ |
75~100 | 35~40 | 11~25 | 1 200~1 400 | [ | ||
380~520 | / | 100 | 1 000 | |||
100~200 | 34.3 | 16 | 1 300 | [ | ||
330~780 | 32.7 | 60 | 1 200 | |||
20 | 50~70 | 10~35 | 200/300 | [ | ||
Hydrogenated dehydrogenation titanium powder | / | 10~55 | / | 246~515 | [ | |
/ | 54 | / | 513 | [ | ||
40 | 28 | 8 | 800 | [ | ||
Titanium fiber sintered felt | Titanium fiber | / | 53 | / | 1 000 | [ |
20 | 75 | 50 | 300 | [ | ||
80 | 75 | 180 | 300 | |||
20 | 50 | 28 | 300 | |||
/ | 75 | / | 300 | [ | ||
20 | 50 | 12.7 | 350/500/1 000 | [ | ||
Porous titanium foil | Titanium foil | / | / | 1~25 | 50.8 | [ |
表1 各种多孔钛材料的结构参数
Table 1 Structural parameters of various porous titanium materials
Type | Raw material | Raw material diameter/μm | Porosity ratio/% | Pore diameter/μm | Thickness/μm | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Titanium powder sintered felt | Ordinary titanium powder | / | 10~33 | / | 253~526 | [ |
75~100 | 35~40 | 11~25 | 1 200~1 400 | [ | ||
380~520 | / | 100 | 1 000 | |||
100~200 | 34.3 | 16 | 1 300 | [ | ||
330~780 | 32.7 | 60 | 1 200 | |||
20 | 50~70 | 10~35 | 200/300 | [ | ||
Hydrogenated dehydrogenation titanium powder | / | 10~55 | / | 246~515 | [ | |
/ | 54 | / | 513 | [ | ||
40 | 28 | 8 | 800 | [ | ||
Titanium fiber sintered felt | Titanium fiber | / | 53 | / | 1 000 | [ |
20 | 75 | 50 | 300 | [ | ||
80 | 75 | 180 | 300 | |||
20 | 50 | 28 | 300 | |||
/ | 75 | / | 300 | [ | ||
20 | 50 | 12.7 | 350/500/1 000 | [ | ||
Porous titanium foil | Titanium foil | / | / | 1~25 | 50.8 | [ |
图4 稳定性测试和极化测试结果: (a) Au、Ir和Pt作为镀层材料和未镀层钛毡运行4000 h的电压变化情况; (b) Au、Ir和Pt作为镀层材料的钛毡运行4000 h后的极化曲线[43]
Fig.4 The results of stability test and polarization test: (a) The voltage change of Au, Ir and Pt as coating materials and uncoated titanium felt after 4000 h operation; (b) The polarization curve of titanium felt with Au, Ir and Pt as coating material after 4000 h operation[43]
图5 接触电阻和极化曲线测试结果图: (a)未涂层的气体传输层和涂层Ir质量为0.005、0.013、0.025和0.05 mg/cm2的气体传输层的接触电阻; (b)未涂层的气体传输层和涂层Ir质量为0.005、0.013、0.025和0.05 mg/cm2的气体传输层的极化曲线[47]
Fig.5 Test results of contact resistance and polarization curves: (a) Contact resistance of uncoated gas transport layer and coated gas transport layer with Ir mass of 0.005, 0.013, 0.025 and 0.025 mg/cm2; (b) Polarization curve of uncoated gas transport layer and coated gas transport layer with Ir mass of 0.005, 0.013, 0.025 and 0.05 mg/cm2[47]
Coating | Contact resistance | Load capacity | Electrolytic performance | Stability | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IrO2 | / | 1.0 mg/cm2 | 0.36 A/cm2@1.60 V | 53 h@1.52 A/cm2 | [ |
/ | 0.60 mg/cm2 | 2.72 A/cm2@2.0 V | / | [ | |
Ir | 11.5 mΩ·cm2@0.5 MPa | 0.10 mg/cm2 | 2.0 A/ cm2@1.86 V | / | [ |
4.0 mΩ·cm2@3 MPa | 0.10 mg/cm2 | 2.38 A/cm2@1.90 V | 4 000 h@2.0 V | [ | |
3.1 mΩ·cm2@3 MPa | 0.025 mg/cm2 | 1.0 A/cm2@1.70 V | / | [ | |
Pt | 6.0 mΩ·cm2@3 MPa | 0.16 mg/cm2 | 2.4 A/cm2@1.90 V | 4 000 h@2.0 V | [ |
/ | 200 nm (thickness) | 2.82 A/cm2@2.0 V | 1 100 h@2.0 A/cm2 | [ | |
Au | 2.0 mΩ·cm2@3 MPa | 0.18 mg/cm2 | 2.35 A/cm2@1.90 V | 2 000 h@2.0 V | [ |
/ | 180 nm (thickness) | 2.0 A/cm2 @1.63 V | 100 h@0.2 A/cm2 | [22] | |
Ir0.7Ru0.3O2 | 6.5 mΩ·cm2@2 MPa | 1.0 mg/cm2 | 1.84 V@2.0 A/cm2 | / | [ |
IrO2?RuO2?TaO x | / | 1.0 mg (Ir+Ru)/cm2 | 1.84 V@2.0 A/cm2 | / | [ |
STN?RuTi | / | STN (thickness)99 nm | / | 225 h@0.10A/cm2 | [ |
NbN_500_60 | / | 1.0 μm (thickness) | / | / | [ |
表2 文献中各种镀层处理气体扩散层电化学性能
Table 2 Electrochemical energy table of gas diffusion layer treated by various coatings in literature
Coating | Contact resistance | Load capacity | Electrolytic performance | Stability | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IrO2 | / | 1.0 mg/cm2 | 0.36 A/cm2@1.60 V | 53 h@1.52 A/cm2 | [ |
/ | 0.60 mg/cm2 | 2.72 A/cm2@2.0 V | / | [ | |
Ir | 11.5 mΩ·cm2@0.5 MPa | 0.10 mg/cm2 | 2.0 A/ cm2@1.86 V | / | [ |
4.0 mΩ·cm2@3 MPa | 0.10 mg/cm2 | 2.38 A/cm2@1.90 V | 4 000 h@2.0 V | [ | |
3.1 mΩ·cm2@3 MPa | 0.025 mg/cm2 | 1.0 A/cm2@1.70 V | / | [ | |
Pt | 6.0 mΩ·cm2@3 MPa | 0.16 mg/cm2 | 2.4 A/cm2@1.90 V | 4 000 h@2.0 V | [ |
/ | 200 nm (thickness) | 2.82 A/cm2@2.0 V | 1 100 h@2.0 A/cm2 | [ | |
Au | 2.0 mΩ·cm2@3 MPa | 0.18 mg/cm2 | 2.35 A/cm2@1.90 V | 2 000 h@2.0 V | [ |
/ | 180 nm (thickness) | 2.0 A/cm2 @1.63 V | 100 h@0.2 A/cm2 | [22] | |
Ir0.7Ru0.3O2 | 6.5 mΩ·cm2@2 MPa | 1.0 mg/cm2 | 1.84 V@2.0 A/cm2 | / | [ |
IrO2?RuO2?TaO x | / | 1.0 mg (Ir+Ru)/cm2 | 1.84 V@2.0 A/cm2 | / | [ |
STN?RuTi | / | STN (thickness)99 nm | / | 225 h@0.10A/cm2 | [ |
NbN_500_60 | / | 1.0 μm (thickness) | / | / | [ |
Coating material | Electrical conductivity | Corrosion resistance | OER catalytic performance |
---|---|---|---|
Ir/IrO2 | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Pt | ++ | +++ | + |
Au | +++ | + | - |
RuO2 | - | - | +++ |
Other metallic materials | + | + | - |
表3 各种涂层材料性能对比
Table 3 Comparison table of properties of various coating materials
Coating material | Electrical conductivity | Corrosion resistance | OER catalytic performance |
---|---|---|---|
Ir/IrO2 | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Pt | ++ | +++ | + |
Au | +++ | + | - |
RuO2 | - | - | +++ |
Other metallic materials | + | + | - |
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