应用化学 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 1158-1174.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230131

• 综合评述 • 上一篇    下一篇

浅析尿素电解制氢及尿素燃料电池研究进展

尹春, 李家欣, 冯立纲()   

  1. 扬州大学化学化工学院,扬州 225002
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-04 接受日期:2023-07-06 出版日期:2023-08-01 发布日期:2023-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 冯立纲
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22272148)

Basics of Research Progress for Urea Electrolysis for Hydrogen Generation and Urea Fuel Cells

Chun YIN, Jia-Xin LI, Li-Gang FENG()   

  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225002,China
  • Received:2023-05-04 Accepted:2023-07-06 Published:2023-08-01 Online:2023-08-24
  • Contact: Li-Gang FENG
  • About author:ligang.feng@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272148)

摘要:

尿素作为有效的氢载体,可应用于尿素电解(UE)制氢和直接尿素燃料电池(DUFC)。在尿素电解制氢中,阳极的尿素氧化反应(UOR)与阴极的析氢反应(HER)耦合生产氢气,与水电解制氢相比更具成本效益,能耗约降低30%,经济成本约降低36%。在直接尿素燃料电池中,尿素作为燃料在阳极进行氧化,与阴极的氧还原耦合将化学能转化为电能。UOR作为这2种能量转换技术的基础半反应,受到越来越多的关注。本文讨论了UOR在碱性电解质中的反应原理和性能描述参数,分别介绍了UOR在UE和DUFC中的应用,主要对UE和DUFC的作用原理和一些催化剂的发展现状进行了分析,最后探讨了UE和DUFC发展面临的挑战,希望本篇综述能对UE和DUFC的理解提供参考。

关键词: 尿素, 电解, 燃料电池, 氢气, 电化学

Abstract:

Urea as an effective hydrogen carrier can be used in urea electrolysis (UE) for hydrogen production and direct urea fuel cells (DUFC). In urea electrolysis, the coupling of urea oxidation reaction (UOR) at the anode and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode to produce hydrogen is more cost-effective than water electrolysis, with energy consumption reduced by about 30% and economic cost reduced by about 36%. In the direct urea fuel cells, urea as fuel at the anode and coupled with oxygen reduction at the cathode can convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. As the basis of these two energy conversion technologies, UOR has received more and more attention. This review discusses the reaction principle and performance description parameters of UOR in alkaline electrolytes and introduces the application of UOR in UE and DUFC. Attention is also given to the principles of UE and DUFC and the development status of some catalysts, and finally, the challenges faced in the development of UE and DUFC are also commented. Hopefully, this review will be helpful for understanding the basics of UE and DUFC.

Key words: Urea, Electrolysis, Fuel cell, Hydrogen, Electrochemistry

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