Research Progress of Gas Analysis Methods and Applications Based on Optical Detection Technology

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240420

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 885-900.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240420

• Review • Next Articles

Research Progress of Gas Analysis Methods and Applications Based on Optical Detection Technology

Yi CHEN¹, Yi-Ge MA¹, Ji GUO³, Xin-Zhi SHAN¹^,²(), Xiu-Min GAO¹

^1.School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering，University of Shanghai for Science and Technology，Shanghai 200093，China
^2.School of Health Science and Engineering，University of Shanghai for Science and Technology，Shanghai 200093，China
^3.College of Information Engineering，Yancheng Institute of Technology，Yancheng 224061，China

Received:2024-12-19 Accepted:2025-05-23 Published:2025-07-01 Online:2025-07-23
Contact: Xin-Zhi SHAN
About author:sxz@usst.edu.cn
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62305222)

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid development of industrial manufacturing， medical diagnosis and environmental monitoring， the demand for detection of toxic and harmful， flammable and mixed gases is growing. Harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide （H₂S）， nitrogen dioxide （NO₂）， and methane （CH₄） can pose a threat to human health even at low concentrations. Therefore， the detection of trace gases has become very important in environmental monitoring and industrial manufacturing. This review focuses on the latest research progress in the field of gas detection in recent years， compares and analyzes the traditional gas detection technology and optical gas detection technology， and especially emphasizes the latest development of optical detection technology. Optical detection technology has attracted more attention because of its advantages such as high efficiency， multi-component detection ability and high sensitivity. This paper introduces in detail the working principles and application progress of typical gas optical detection technologies， including tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy （TDLAS）， Raman spectroscopy， Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and photoacoustic spectroscopy （PAS）， and conducts an analysis and outlook on the future development direction of gas detection technology.

Key words: Gas detection, Tunable diode laser absorption spectrum, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, Raman spectroscopy

CLC Number:

O657.3

Yi CHEN, Yi-Ge MA, Ji GUO, Xin-Zhi SHAN, Xiu-Min GAO. Research Progress of Gas Analysis Methods and Applications Based on Optical Detection Technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2025, 42(7): 885-900.

Figures/Tables 21

Fig.1 Development of gas detection technology

Fig.2 Schematic diagrams of compact， automated and inexpensive gas sensor mechanism［10］

Fig.3 An array of three sensors made of a layer of WO3 nanoparticles［12］

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of sensor （A） and measurement platform （B）［13］

Fig.5 The structure schematic of the MPRE gas sensor［14］

Fig.6 Flow diagram of compact， automated and inexpensive gas chromatograph［18］

Fig.7 Temperature corrected TDLAS gas detection structure diagram［22］

Fig.8 Apparatus for performance testing of the SPWAS， housed within a sealed chamber for controlled CH4 release studies［23］

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of CH4 sensor using miniature fiber-coupled multipass cells［24］

Fig.10 Overall block diagram of the methane telemetry sensor［25］

Fig.11 Experimental schematic： Temperature tuned Laser 1 is led through an off-axis parabolic mirror （OAP） in the ROI. Reflections from the window and mirror at the sealed cell are collected by a high bandwidth fiber coupled photodiode （FCPD） and analyzed in the DAQ-system［26］

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the trace multicomponent gas sensor［32］

Fig.13 Trace gas sensor based on S-QEDS：（a） S-QEDS sensor system configuration；（b） QEPAS sensor system configuration；（c） QEPTS sensor system configuration［33］

Fig.14 Photo of photoacoustic cells by 3D print［35］

Fig.15 Schematic of the instrumentation used to assess the accuracy of N2O and CO2 concentration determined by OP-FTIR［41］

Fig.16 Schematic diagrams of （A） mechanisms of NH3 adsorption in MHCFs；（B） In situ detection of NH3 adsorption in InHCF-NPs dropped onto a membrane inside a 3D-printed cell by FT-IR spectroscopy［43］

Fig.17 （A） Schematic of CERS prototype；（B） engineering drawing and cutaway view of the eight-sided cuvette；（C） image of the eight-sided cuvette［60］

Fig.18 A high-density multi-channel CERS device consisting of four spherical mirrors［61］

Fig.19 Schematic diagram of the CERS setup［62］

Fig.20 SERS-based strategy to identify COVID-positive individuals using their breath volatile organic compounds （BVOCs）［64］

Table 1 The advantages and disadvantages of various gas detection technologies and their detection limits for specific gases

Detection technology	Gas detection limit	Advantages	Disadvantages	Ref.
Semiconductor gas sensor	C?H?： 200 ng/L C₃H₆O： 13 μg/L	Low cost， miniaturization	Sensitive to temperature， humidity	［11-12］
Electrochemical sensors	O?： 92 mg/L C₂H₆O： 12.7 mg/L	Portable， fast response	Requires an oxygen-rich environment	［14，16］
Gas chromatography	CH?O： 0.6 mg/L CH?CHO： 0.2 mg/L	Multi-component， high-precision	Complex， time-consuming	［17］
TDLAS	CH₄： 117 μg/L	High sensitivity	Single-component， high cost	［24］
FT-IR	NH?： 3 μg/L	Multi-component， high resolution	Low sensitivity， complex equipment	［42］
PAS	SO?： 2.45 μg/L C?H?： 4.28 mg/L	No background interference， ultra-high sensitivity	Noise-sensitive， complex design	［32，34］
RS	H?： 69 μg/L	Multi-component， resistance to water interference	The sensitivity depends on enhancement technology， weak signal	［62］

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