Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 789-805.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220414
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Yi-Chen YU, Yu-Chen ZHANG, Yao-Yuan ZHANG(), Qin WU, Da-Xin SHI, Kang-Cheng CHEN, Han-Sheng LI()
Received:
2022-12-29
Accepted:
2023-05-22
Published:
2023-06-01
Online:
2023-06-27
Contact:
Yao-Yuan ZHANG,Han-Sheng LI
About author:
hanshengli@bit.edu.cnSupported by:
CLC Number:
Yi-Chen YU, Yu-Chen ZHANG, Yao-Yuan ZHANG, Qin WU, Da-Xin SHI, Kang-Cheng CHEN, Han-Sheng LI. Research Progress of Bulk Metal Oxides for Non-oxidative Propane Dehydrogenation[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2023, 40(6): 789-805.
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URL: http://yyhx.ciac.jl.cn/EN/10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220414
Fig.1 Mechanism of PDH on ZrO2(-111). (a) The calculated energy profiles along the pathways of PDH and the optimized structures of intermediates and transition states (TS) on (b) s-ZrO2(-111) and (c) d-ZrO2(-111) surfaces (cyan, grey, red and white symbols stand for Zr, C, O and H, respectively)[24]
Fig.2 Propane dehydrogenation reaction mechanism of AlVa-OIIIa site on γ-Al2O3(100) surface. Transition states denoted with double daggers (?); top panel: concerted mechanism, bottom panel: stepwise mechanism[25]
Fig.3 Mechanism of propane dehydrogenation on the surface of TiO2(101). Top panel: s-TiO2(101), bottom panel:d-TiO2(101) (light grey, yellow, dark grey, red and white symbols stand for Ti, Ticus, C, O and H, respectively)[27]
Catalysts | Temperature/℃ | Feed composition(V∶V) | m(catalysts)/g | Propane conversion/% | Propene selectivity/% | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.05%Cu/LaZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.04 | 12.6 | 90 | [ |
0.05%Ru/LaZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.04 | 19.7 | 99 | [ |
A-TiO2(anatase) | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1∶10 | 0.3 | 22 | 92 | [ |
Air-TiO2-600 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1∶10 | 0.3 | 10 | 70 | [ |
H2-TiO2-600 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1∶10 | 0.3 | 24 | 92 | [ |
ZrO2_A (mixed phases) | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.68~1.8 | 13 | 75 | [ |
ZrO2_F (monoclinic) | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.68~1.8 | 8 | 85 | [ |
ZrO2_300 (mixed phases) | 550 | V(C3H8):V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.68~1.8 | 8 | 93 | [ |
γ-Al2O3(CO reduction) | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=5∶95 | 0.05~0.4 | 25 | 95 | [ |
δ-Al2O3(CO reduction) | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=5∶95 | 0.05~0.4 | 13 | 95 | [ |
0.05%Cu/LaZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)∶V(N2)=4:1∶5 | - | 30 | 90 | [ |
0.05%Cu/LaZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)∶V(N2)=4∶3∶3 | - | 20 | 90 | [ |
0.005%Ru/YZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | - | 20 | 90 | [ |
0.005%Ru/YZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)∶V(N2)=4∶1∶5 | - | 28 | 90 | [ |
1%V-TiO2 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1∶39 | 0.2 | 11 | 95 | [ |
0.05%Rh/LaZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 23 | 92 | [ |
0.05%Rh/YZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 28 | 93 | [ |
0.05%Ru/ZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 15 | 92 | [ |
0.05%Pt/ZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 16 | 93 | [ |
0.05%Ir/ZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 18 | 93 | [ |
0.005%Rh/ZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 18 | 90 | [ |
0.1%Rh/ZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 22 | 95 | [ |
0.01%Rh/LaZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 20 | 95 | [ |
0.01%Ru/LaZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 19 | 93 | [ |
0.03%Ir/LaZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 20 | 95 | [ |
0.025%Rh/ZrO2 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.3 | 25 | 90 | [ |
0.05%Rh/ZrO2 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.3 | 26 | 88 | [ |
0.01%Rh/ZrO2 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.3 | 18 | 90 | [ |
0.1%Rh/ZrO2 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.3 | 20 | 90 | [ |
ZrO2 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.3 | 15 | 88 | [ |
Cr5Zr95O x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.01~1.2 | 15 | 93 | [ |
Cr10Zr90O x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.01~1.2 | 5 | 97 | [ |
Cr10Zr90/SiO2 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05 | 13 | 95 | [ |
CuZrO-8 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=4∶26 | 0.2 | 26 | 99 | [ |
CuZrO-5 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=4∶26 | 0.2 | 26 | 99 | [ |
CuZrO-10 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=4∶26 | 0.2 | 26 | 99 | [ |
ZnZr2 | 500 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=5∶95 | 0.1 | 44 | 73 | [ |
ZnZr3 | 500 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=5∶95 | 0.1 | 45 | 61 | [ |
ZrO2 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=4∶26 | 0.2 | 11 | 99 | [ |
VZrO-4 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=4∶26 | 0.2 | 23 | 98 | [ |
VZrO-8 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=4∶26 | 0.2 | 25 | 98 | [ |
θ-Al2O3-90 | 630 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)∶V(N2)=1∶1∶8 | 2 | 47.5 | 88 | [ |
γ-Al2O3-200 | 630 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)∶V(N2)=1∶1∶8 | 2 | 40 | 83 | [ |
γ-Al2O3-100 | 630 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)∶V(N2)=1∶1∶8 | 2 | 32 | 88 | [ |
TiO2-600 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1.5∶12 | 0.3 | 15 | 93 | [ |
1.5%Sc/TiO2-500 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1.5∶12 | 0.3 | 40 | 90 | [ |
TiO2-600 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1.5∶12 | 0.3 | 15 | 93 | [ |
1.5%Sc/TiO2-500 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1.5∶12 | 0.3 | 40 | 90 | [ |
1.5%Sc/TiO2-600 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1.5∶12 | 0.3 | 35 | 95 | [ |
WO3 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)=2 | 0.2 | 3 | 90 | [ |
WO3 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)=1 | 0.2 | 5 | 90 | [ |
WO3 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)=0.5 | 0.2 | 10 | 85 | [ |
Eu2O3 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05 | 25 | 60 | [ |
Gd2O3 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05 | 25 | 70 | [ |
Table 1 Catalytic performance of different bulk metal oxide catalysts in PDH reaction
Catalysts | Temperature/℃ | Feed composition(V∶V) | m(catalysts)/g | Propane conversion/% | Propene selectivity/% | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.05%Cu/LaZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.04 | 12.6 | 90 | [ |
0.05%Ru/LaZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.04 | 19.7 | 99 | [ |
A-TiO2(anatase) | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1∶10 | 0.3 | 22 | 92 | [ |
Air-TiO2-600 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1∶10 | 0.3 | 10 | 70 | [ |
H2-TiO2-600 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1∶10 | 0.3 | 24 | 92 | [ |
ZrO2_A (mixed phases) | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.68~1.8 | 13 | 75 | [ |
ZrO2_F (monoclinic) | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.68~1.8 | 8 | 85 | [ |
ZrO2_300 (mixed phases) | 550 | V(C3H8):V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.68~1.8 | 8 | 93 | [ |
γ-Al2O3(CO reduction) | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=5∶95 | 0.05~0.4 | 25 | 95 | [ |
δ-Al2O3(CO reduction) | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=5∶95 | 0.05~0.4 | 13 | 95 | [ |
0.05%Cu/LaZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)∶V(N2)=4:1∶5 | - | 30 | 90 | [ |
0.05%Cu/LaZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)∶V(N2)=4∶3∶3 | - | 20 | 90 | [ |
0.005%Ru/YZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | - | 20 | 90 | [ |
0.005%Ru/YZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)∶V(N2)=4∶1∶5 | - | 28 | 90 | [ |
1%V-TiO2 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1∶39 | 0.2 | 11 | 95 | [ |
0.05%Rh/LaZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 23 | 92 | [ |
0.05%Rh/YZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 28 | 93 | [ |
0.05%Ru/ZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 15 | 92 | [ |
0.05%Pt/ZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 16 | 93 | [ |
0.05%Ir/ZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 18 | 93 | [ |
0.005%Rh/ZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 18 | 90 | [ |
0.1%Rh/ZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 22 | 95 | [ |
0.01%Rh/LaZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 20 | 95 | [ |
0.01%Ru/LaZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 19 | 93 | [ |
0.03%Ir/LaZrO x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05~0.3 | 20 | 95 | [ |
0.025%Rh/ZrO2 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.3 | 25 | 90 | [ |
0.05%Rh/ZrO2 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.3 | 26 | 88 | [ |
0.01%Rh/ZrO2 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.3 | 18 | 90 | [ |
0.1%Rh/ZrO2 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.3 | 20 | 90 | [ |
ZrO2 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.3 | 15 | 88 | [ |
Cr5Zr95O x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.01~1.2 | 15 | 93 | [ |
Cr10Zr90O x | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.01~1.2 | 5 | 97 | [ |
Cr10Zr90/SiO2 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05 | 13 | 95 | [ |
CuZrO-8 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=4∶26 | 0.2 | 26 | 99 | [ |
CuZrO-5 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=4∶26 | 0.2 | 26 | 99 | [ |
CuZrO-10 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=4∶26 | 0.2 | 26 | 99 | [ |
ZnZr2 | 500 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=5∶95 | 0.1 | 44 | 73 | [ |
ZnZr3 | 500 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=5∶95 | 0.1 | 45 | 61 | [ |
ZrO2 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=4∶26 | 0.2 | 11 | 99 | [ |
VZrO-4 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=4∶26 | 0.2 | 23 | 98 | [ |
VZrO-8 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=4∶26 | 0.2 | 25 | 98 | [ |
θ-Al2O3-90 | 630 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)∶V(N2)=1∶1∶8 | 2 | 47.5 | 88 | [ |
γ-Al2O3-200 | 630 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)∶V(N2)=1∶1∶8 | 2 | 40 | 83 | [ |
γ-Al2O3-100 | 630 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)∶V(N2)=1∶1∶8 | 2 | 32 | 88 | [ |
TiO2-600 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1.5∶12 | 0.3 | 15 | 93 | [ |
1.5%Sc/TiO2-500 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1.5∶12 | 0.3 | 40 | 90 | [ |
TiO2-600 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1.5∶12 | 0.3 | 15 | 93 | [ |
1.5%Sc/TiO2-500 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1.5∶12 | 0.3 | 40 | 90 | [ |
1.5%Sc/TiO2-600 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(Ar)=1.5∶12 | 0.3 | 35 | 95 | [ |
WO3 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)=2 | 0.2 | 3 | 90 | [ |
WO3 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)=1 | 0.2 | 5 | 90 | [ |
WO3 | 600 | V(C3H8)∶V(H2)=0.5 | 0.2 | 10 | 85 | [ |
Eu2O3 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05 | 25 | 60 | [ |
Gd2O3 | 550 | V(C3H8)∶V(N2)=2∶3 | 0.05 | 25 | 70 | [ |
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