Research Progress of Mechanism of Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Development of Ir⁃based Catalysts

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210336

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 616-628.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210336

• Review • Previous Articles Next Articles

Research Progress of Mechanism of Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Development of Ir⁃based Catalysts

Xue WANG¹^,², Yi-Bo WANG¹^,², Xian WANG¹^,², Jian-Bing ZHU¹^,²(), Jun-Jie GE¹^,²(), Chang-Peng LIU¹^,²(), Wei XING¹^,²

^1.Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources，Changchun Insititute of Applied Chemistry，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Changchun 130022，China
^2.University of Science and Technology of China，Hefei 230026，China

Received:2021-07-09 Accepted:2021-09-25 Published:2022-04-01 Online:2022-04-19
Contact: Jian-Bing ZHU,Jun-Jie GE,Chang-Peng LIU
Supported by:
the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFB1506802);the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(XDA21090400);Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program(20190201300JC)

Abstract

Abstract:

The rapid development of sustainable energy has made green and clean hydrogen energy a hot spot. Proton exchange membrane （PEM） water electrolysis is a promising technology that can efficiently produce high-purity hydrogen. IrO₂， the-state-of-the-art electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction （OER）， can not only overcome the high corrosion conditions in acidic media， but also exhibit superior catalytic performance. However， due to the scarcity and high price of Ir， it is crucial to develop low-Ir catalysts and improve the OER activity. The study of its reaction mechanism is one of the current research hotspots， and it is also the key to the design of excellent OER catalysts. The conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism （AEM） and lattice oxygen evolution reaction mechanism （LOER） are introduced. Subsequently， based on the two proposed mechanisms， the basic design principles of OER catalysts are introduced， namely， regulating the electronic structure of Ir-based catalysts， improving the adsorption energy of reaction intermediate species on the catalytic active sites， thereby increasing the catalytic activity of OER. It also briefly summarizes the recent research progress of OER catalysts from the three aspects of catalyst structure design， morphology control， and support materials， and the recent research progress of OER catalysts is briefly summarized. Moreover， several unresolved problems are put forward on the basis of the existing OER catalysts， which points out the direction for further research.

Key words: Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis technology, Oxygen evolution reaction, Ir-based catalysts, Adsorbate evolution mechanism, Lattice oxygen evolution mechanism

CLC Number:

O643

Xue WANG, Yi-Bo WANG, Xian WANG, Jian-Bing ZHU, Jun-Jie GE, Chang-Peng LIU, Wei XING. Research Progress of Mechanism of Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Development of Ir⁃based Catalysts[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2022, 39(4): 616-628.

Figures/Tables 1

References 73

1	LIAO H， SUN Y， DAI C， et al. An electron deficiency strategy for enhancing hydrogen evolution on CoP nano-electrocatalysts［J］. Nano Energy， 2018， 50： 273-280.
2	AN L， WEI C， LU M， et al. Recent development of oxygen evolution electrocatalysts in acidic environment［J］. Adv Mater， 2021.33：2006328.
3	WEI C， RAO R R， PENG J， et al. Recommended practices and benchmark activity for hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalysis in water splitting and fuel cells［J］. Adv Mater， 2019， 31（31）： 1806296.
4	ZAHRAN Z N， MOHAMED E A， TSUBONOUCHI Y， et al. Concisely synthesized FeNiWOx film as a highly efficient and robust catalyst for electrochemical water oxidation［J］. ACS Appl Energy Mater， 2021， 4（2）： 1410-1420.
5	SHIRVANIAN P， VAN BERKEL F. Novel components in proton exchange membrane （PEM） water electrolyzers （PEMWE）： status， challenges and future needs. a mini review［J］. Electrochem Commun， 2020， 114：106704.
6	MAN I C， SU H Y， CALLE-VALLEJO F， et al. Universality in oxygen evolution electrocatalysis on oxide surfaces［J］. ChemCatChem， 2011， 3（7）： 1159-1165.
7	SONG J， WEI C， HUANG Z F， et al. A review on fundamentals for designing oxygen evolution electrocatalysts［J］. Chem Soc Rev， 2020， 49（7）： 2196-2214.
8	KOPER M T M. Theory of multiple proton-electron transfer reactions and its implications for electrocatalysis［J］. Chem Sci， 2013， 4（7）： 2710-2723.
9	MONTOYA J H， SEITZ L C， CHAKTHRANONT P， et al. Materials for solar fuels and chemicals［J］. Nat Mater， 2016， 16（1）： 70-81.
10	WANG L， DUAN X， LIU X， et al. Atomically dispersed Mo supported on metallic Co₉S₈ nanoflakes as an advanced noble-metal-free bifunctional water splitting catalyst working in universal pH conditions［J］. Adv Energy Mater， 2019， 10（4）： 1903137.
11	REIER T， NONG H N， TESCHNER D， et al. Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction in acidic environments-reaction mechanisms and catalysts［J］. Adv Energy Mater， 2017， 7（1）： 1601275.
12	CHENG J， YANG J， KITANO S， et al. Impact of Ir-valence control and surface nanostructure on oxygen evolution reaction over a highly efficient Ir-TiO₂ nanorod catalyst［J］. ACS Catal， 2019， 9（8）： 6974-6986.
13	KIM J， SHIH P C， QIN Y， et al. A porous pyrochlore Y₂［Ru_1.6Y_0.4］O₇-delta electrocatalyst for enhanced performance towards the oxygen evolution reaction in acidic media［J］. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl， 2018， 57（42）： 13877-13881.
14	YAO Y， HU S， CHEN W， et al. Engineering the electronic structure of single atom Ru sites via compressive strain boosts acidic water oxidation electrocatalysis［J］. Na Catal， 2019， 2（4）： 304-313.
15	KUZNETSOV D A， NAEEM M A， KUMAR P V， et al. Tailoring lattice oxygen binding in ruthenium pyrochlores to enhance oxygen evolution activity［J］. J Am Chem Soc， 2020， 142（17）： 7883-7888.
16	SHAN J， ZHENG Y， SHI B， et al. Regulating electrocatalysts via surface and interface engineering for acidic water electrooxidation［J］. ACS Energy Lett， 2019， 4（11）： 2719-2730.
17	NONG H N， REIER T， OH H S， et al. A unique oxygen ligand environment facilitates water oxidation in hole-doped IrNiOx core-shell electrocatalysts ［J］. Nat Catal， 2018， 1（11）： 841-851.
18	GRIMAUD A， DIAZ-MORALES O， HAN B， et al. Activating lattice oxygen redox reactions in metal oxides to catalyst oxygen evolution［J］. Nat Chem， 2017， 9（5）： 457-465.
19	FABBRI E， SCHMIDT T J. Oxygen evolution reaction—the enigma in water electrolysis［J］. ACS Catal， 2018， 8（10）： 9765-9774.
20	YOO J S， RONG X， LIU Y， et al. Role of lattice oxygen participation in understanding trends in the oxygen evolution reaction on perovskites［J］. ACS Catal， 2018， 8（5）： 4628-4636.
21	DICKENS C F， NØRSKOV J K. A theoretical investigation into the role of surface defects for oxygen evolution on RuO₂［J］. J Phys Chem C， 2017， 121（34）： 18516-18524.
22	WANG L， SAVELEVA V A， ZAFEIRATOS S， et al. Highly active anode electrocatalysts derived from electrochemical leaching of Ru from metallic Ir_0.7Ru_0.3 for proton exchange membrane electrolyzers［J］. Nano Energy， 2017， 34： 385-391.
23	PEDERSEN A F， ESCUDERO-ESCRIBANO M， SEBOK B， et al. Operando XAS study of the surfaceoxidationstate on a monolayer IrOx on RuOx and Ru oxide based nanoparticles for oxygen evolution in acidic media［J］. J Phys Chem B， 2018， 122（2）： 878-887.
24	AUDICHON T， GUENOT B， BARANTON S， et al. Preparation and characterization of supported Ru_xIr_1-xO₂nano-oxides using a modified polyol synthesis assisted by microwave activation for energy storage applications［J］. Appl Catal B： Environ， 2017， 200： 493-502.
25	PHAM H H， NGUYEN N P， DO C L， et al. Nanosized Ir_xRu_1- xO₂ electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer［J］. Adv Nat Sci： Nanosci Nanotechnol， 2015， 6（2）： 025015.
26	WANG Y， HAO S， LIU X， et al. Ce-doped IrO₂electrocatalysts with enhanced performance for water oxidation in acidic media［J］. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces， 2020， 12（33）： 37006-37012.
27	LEE H， KIM J Y， LEE S Y， et al. Comparative study of catalytic activities among transition metal-doped IrO₂ nanoparticles［J］. Sci Rep， 2018， 8（1）： 16777.
28	FENG J， LV F， ZHANG W， et al. Iridium-based multimetallic porous hollow nanocrystals for efficient overall-water-splitting catalysis［J］. Adv Mater， 2017， 29（47）： 1703798.
29	ZAMAN W Q， WANG Z， SUN W， et al. Ni-Co codoping breaks the limitation of single-metal-doped IrO₂ with higher oxygen evolution reaction performance and less Iiidium［J］. ACS Energy Lett， 2017， 2（12）： 2786-2793.
30	PEI J， MAO J， LIANG X， et al. Ir-Cu nanoframes： one-pot synthesis and efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction［J］. Chem Commun， 2016， 52（19）： 3793-3796.
31	LI G， YU H， WANG X， et al. Highly effective IrxSn_1- xO₂ electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in the solid polymer electrolyte water electrolyser［J］. PhysChemChemPhys， 2013， 15（8）： 2858-2866.
32	HU W， CHEN S， XIA Q. IrO₂/Nb-TiO₂ electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction in acidic medium［J］. Int J Hydrogen Energy， 2014， 39（13）： 6967-6976.
33	YAN Z， ZHAO Y， ZHANG Z， et al. A study on the performance of IrO₂-Ta₂O₅ coated anodes with surface treated Ti substrates［J］. Electrochim Acta， 2015， 157： 345-350.
34	KOKOH K B， MAYOUSSE E， NAPPORN T W， et al. Efficient multi-metallic anode catalysts in a PEM water electrolyzer［J］. Int J Hydrogen Energy， 2014， 39（5）： 1924-1931.
35	MA C， SUN W， QAMAR ZAMAN W， et al. Lanthanides regulated the amorphization-crystallization of IrO₂ for outstanding OER performance［J］. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces， 2020， 12（31）： 34980-34989.
36	NONG H N， GAN L， WILLINGER E， et al. IrOx core-shell nanocatalysts for cost- and energy-efficient electrochemical water splitting［J］. Chem Sci， 2014， 5（8）： 2955-2963.
37	TACKETT B M， SHENG W， KATTEL S， et al. Reducing Iridium loading in oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts using core-shell particles with Nntride cores［J］. ACS Catal， 2018， 8（3）： 2615-2621.
38	ESCUDERO-ESCRIBANO M， PEDERSEN A F， PAOLI E A， et al. Importance of surface IrOx in stabilizing RuO₂ for oxygen evolution［J］. J Phys Chem B， 2018， 122（2）： 947-955.
39	GAO J， XU C Q， HUNG S F， et al. Breakinglong-range order in iridium oxide by alkali ion for efficient water oxidation［J］. J Am Chem Soc， 2019， 141（7）： 3014-3023.
40	CHEN H， SHI L， LIANG X， et al. Optimization of active sites via crystal phase， composition， and morphology for efficient low-iridium oxygen evolution catalysts［J］. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl， 2020， 59（44）： 19654-19658.
41	DANILOVIC N， SUBBARAMAN R， CHANG K C， et al. Using surface segregation to design stable Ru-Ir oxides for the oxygen evolution reaction in acidic environments［J］. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl， 2014， 53（51）： 14016-14021.
42	LI G， LI S， GE J， et al. Discontinuously covered IrO₂-RuO₂@Ru electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction： how high activity and long-term durability can be simultaneously realized in the synergistic and hybrid nano-structure［J］. J Mater Chem A， 2017， 5（33）： 17221-17229.
43	LIM J， PARK D， JEON S S， et al. Ultrathin IrO₂ nanoneedles for electrochemical water oxidation［J］. Adv Functl Mater， 2018， 28（4）： 1704796.
44	FU L， YANG F， CHENG G， et al. Ultrathin Ir nanowires as high-performance electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting in acidic media［J］. Nanoscale， 2018， 10（4）： 1892-1897.
45	CUI Z， QI R. First-principles simulation of oxygen evolution reaction （OER） catalytic performance of IrO₂ bulk-like structures： nanosphere， nanowire and nanotube［J］. Appl Surface Sci， 2021， 554： 149591.
46	CHANDRA D， ABE N， TAKAMA D， et al. Open pore architecture of an ordered mesoporous IrO₂ thin film for highly efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation［J］. ChemSusChem， 2015， 8（5）： 795-799.
47	SHI Q， ZHU C， DU D， et al. Ultrathin dendritic IrTe nanotubes for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction in a wide pH range［J］. J Mater Chemi A， 2018， 6（19）： 8855-8859.
48	TAKIMOTO D， FUKUDA K， MIYASAKA S， et al. Synthesis and oxygen electrocatalysis of iridium oxide nanosheets［J］. Electrocatalysis， 2016， 8（2）： 144-150.
49	CHENG Z， HUANG B， PI Y， et al. Partially hydroxylated ultrathin iridium nanosheets as efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting［J］. Natl Sci Rev， 2020， 7（8）： 1340-1348.
50	JIANG B， GUO Y， KIM J， et al. Mesoporous metallic iridium nanosheets［J］. J Am Chem Soc， 2018， 140（39）： 12434-12441.
51	JIANG B， KIM J， GUO Y， et al. Efficient oxygen evolution on mesoporous IrO_x nanosheets［J］. Catal Sci Technol， 2019， 9（14）： 3697-3702.
52	PI Y， ZHANG N， GUO S， et al. Ultrathin laminar Ir superstructure as highly efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalyst in broad pH range［J］. Nano Lett， 2016， 16（7）： 4424-4430.
53	JENSEN A W， SIEVERS G W， JENSEN K D， et al. Self-supported nanostructured iridium-based networks as highly active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution in acidic media［J］. J Mater Chem A， 2020， 8（3）： 1066-1071.
54	LI G， LI S， XIAO M， et al. Nanoporous IrO₂ catalyst with enhanced activity and durability for water oxidation owing to its micro/mesoporous structure［J］. Nanoscale， 2017， 9（27）： 9291-9298.
55	KUNDU M K， MISHRA R， BHOWMIK T， et al. Three-dimensional hierarchically porous iridium oxide-nitrogen doped carbon hybrid： an efficient bifunctional catalyst for oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reaction in acid［J］. Int J Hydrogen Energy， 2020， 45（11）： 6036-6046.
56	XU J， LIU G， LI J， et al. The electrocatalytic properties of an IrO₂/SnO₂ catalyst using SnO₂ as a support and an assisting reagent for the oxygen evolution reaction［J］. Electrochim Acta， 2012， 59： 105-112.
57	BÖHM D， BEETZ M， SCHUSTER M， et al. Efficient OER catalyst with low Ir volume density obtained by homogeneous deposition of Iridium oxide nanoparticles on macroporous antimony-doped tin oxide support［J］. Adv Funct Mater， 2019， 30（1）：1906670.
58	OH H S， NONG H N， REIER T， et al. Electrochemical catalyst-support effects and their stabilizing role for IrOx nanoparticle catalysts during the oxygen evolution reaction［J］. J Am Chem Soc， 2016， 138（38）： 12552-12563.
59	HAN S B， MO Y H， LEE Y S， et al. Mesoporous iridium oxide/Sb-doped SnO₂ nanostructured electrodes for polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis［J］. Int J Hydrogen Energy， 2020， 45（3）： 1409-1416.
60	LU Z X， SHI Y， YAN C F， et al. Investigation on IrO₂ supported on hydrogenated TiO₂ nanotube array as OER electro-catalyst for water electrolysis［J］. Int J Hydrogen Energy， 2017， 42（6）： 3572-3578.
61	LV H， ZUO J， ZHOU W， et al. Synthesis and activities of IrO₂/Ti_1- xWxO₂ electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution in solid polymer electrolyte water electrolyzer［J］. J Electroanall Chemy， 2019， 833： 471-479.
62	LI G， LI K， YANG L， et al. Boosted performance of Ir species by employing TiN as the support toward oxygen evolution reaction［J］. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces， 2018， 10（44）： 38117-38124.
63	KADAKIA K S， JAMPANI P H， VELIKOKHATNYI O I， et al. Nanostructured F doped IrO₂ electro-catalyst powders for PEM based water electrolysis［J］. J Power Sources， 2014， 269： 855-865.
64	ZHENG T， SHANG C， HE Z， et al. Intercalated iridium diselenide electrocatalysts for efficient pH-universal water splitting［J］. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl， 2019， 58（41）： 14764-14769.
65	CHEN Y， LI H， WANG J， et al. Exceptionally active iridium evolved from a pseudo-cubic perovskite for oxygen evolution in acid［J］. Nat Commun， 2019， 10（1）： 572.
66	GHADGE S D， PATEL P P， DATTA M K， et al. Fluorine substituted （Mn，Ir）O₂：F high performance solid solution oxygen evolution reaction electro-catalysts for PEM water electrolysis［J］. RSC Adv， 2017， 7（28）： 17311-17324.
67	ETZI COLLER PASCUZZI M， HOFMANN J P， HENSEN E J M. Promoting oxygen evolution of IrO₂ in acid electrolyte by Mn［J］. Electrochim Acta， 2021， 366：137448.
68	SHAN J， YE C， CHEN S， et al. Short-rangeordered iridium single atoms integrated into cobalt oxide spinel structure for highly efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation［J］. J Am Chem Soc， 2021， 143（13）： 5201-5211.
69	LIM J， YANG S， KIM C， et al. Shaped Ir-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles for minimizing Ir utilization in oxygen evolution reaction［J］. Chem Commun， 2016， 52（32）： 5641-5644.
70	ALIA S M， SHULDA S， NGO C， et al. Iridium-based nanowires as highly active， oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts［J］. ACS Catal， 2018， 8（3）： 2111-2120.
71	TONG J， LIU Y， PENG Q， et al. An efficient Sb-SnO₂-supported IrO₂ electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction in acidic medium［J］. J Mater Sci， 2017， 52： 13427-13443.
72	HAO C， LV H， MI C， et al. Investigation of mesoporous niobium-doped TiO₂ as an oxygen evolution catalyst support in an SPE water electrolyzer［J］. Sustain Chem Eng， 2016， 4： 746-756.
73	LV H， ZHANG G， HAO C， et al. Activity of IrO₂ supported on tantalum-doped TiO₂ electrocatalyst for solid polymer electrolyte water electrolyzer［J］. RSC Adv， 2017， 7： 40427-40436.

催化剂 Catalyst	电解质 Electrolyte	电极 Electrode	负载量 Mass loading/（mg·cm^-2）	过电势 Overpotential/mV	Tafel斜率 Tafel slope/（mV·dec^-1）
F（10%）?IrO₂^［63］	1 mol/L H₂SO₄	Ti箔 Ti foils	0.3	≈250	64
Ce_0.2?IrO₂@NPC^［26］	0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄	碳纸 Carbon paper （CP）	0.4	224	55.9
Ir₄Co₂Ni₂O₁₃^［29］	0.1 mol/L HClO₄	Ti板 Ti plates	0.2	285	53
IrCoNi^［28］	0.1 mol/L HClO₄	玻碳电极 Glassy carbon electrode （GCE）	0.01 mg_Ir	303	53.8
Li?IrSe₂^［64］	0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄	碳纤维纸 Carbon fiber paper （CFP）	0.25	220	-
SrCo_0.9Ir_0.1O_3-δ^［65］	0.1 mol/L HClO₄	玻碳电极 Glassy carbon electrode （GCE）	0.25	270	-
（Mn_0.7Ir₀₃）O₂：F^［66］	1 mol/L H₂SO₄	薄膜电极 Thin film electrodes	0.3	120	67
Mn?IrO₂^［67］	0.1 mol/L H₂SO₄	Ti箔 Ti foils	-	350	74

催化剂 Catalyst	电解质 Electrolyte	电极 Electrode	负载量 Mass loading/（mg·cm^-2）	过电势 Overpotential/mV	Tafel斜率 Tafel slope/（mV·dec^-1）
F（10%）?IrO₂^［63］	1 mol/L H₂SO₄	Ti箔 Ti foils	0.3	≈250	64
Ce_0.2?IrO₂@NPC^［26］	0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄	碳纸 Carbon paper （CP）	0.4	224	55.9
Ir₄Co₂Ni₂O₁₃^［29］	0.1 mol/L HClO₄	Ti板 Ti plates	0.2	285	53
IrCoNi^［28］	0.1 mol/L HClO₄	玻碳电极 Glassy carbon electrode （GCE）	0.01 mg_Ir	303	53.8
Li?IrSe₂^［64］	0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄	碳纤维纸 Carbon fiber paper （CFP）	0.25	220	-
SrCo_0.9Ir_0.1O_3-δ^［65］	0.1 mol/L HClO₄	玻碳电极 Glassy carbon electrode （GCE）	0.25	270	-
（Mn_0.7Ir₀₃）O₂：F^［66］	1 mol/L H₂SO₄	薄膜电极 Thin film electrodes	0.3	120	67
Mn?IrO₂^［67］	0.1 mol/L H₂SO₄	Ti箔 Ti foils	-	350	74

[1]	Wei-Min DU, Xin LIU, Lin ZHU, Jia-Min FU, Wen-Shan GUO, Xiao-Qing YANG, Pei-Shuo SHUANG. Facile Synthesis and High⁃Efficiency Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Performance of Ternary Nickel⁃Based Chalcogenide Nanorod Arrays [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2022, 39(8): 1252-1261.
[2]	Wei-Jin CAO, Lu BAI, Lan-Lan WU, Jing-De LI, Shu-Yan SONG. Multi⁃Shell Hollow Nickel⁃Cobalt Bimetallic Phosphide Nanospheres for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2022, 39(4): 666-672.
[3]	Dan WANG, Xian-Biao HOU, Xing-Kun WANG, Zhi-Cheng LIU, Huan-Lei WANG, Ming-Hua HUANG. Research Progress of Carbon‑Encapsulated Iron‑Based Nanoparticles Electrocatalysts for Zinc‑Air Batteries [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2022, 39(10): 1488-1500.
[4]	CHEN Si,SUN Lizhen,SHU Xinxin,ZHANG Jintao. Graphene-based Catalysts for Efficient Electrocatalytic Applications [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2018, 35(3): 272-285.
[5]	SONG Hongwei, HUANG Hui, TAN Ning, CHENG Buming, GUO Zhongcheng. Electrochemical Behavior of Al/Pb-0.2%Ag Anode in Fluoride Ion and Sulfuric Acid [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2016, 33(12): 1455-1461.
[6]	WANG Lipin, WANG Senlin*, DUAN Qianhua. Ni/NiFe₂O₄ Composite Electrode Prepared by Electro-deposition and Its Electro-catalytic Performance Towards Oxygen Evolution Reaction [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2013, 30(06): 690-697.
[7]	ZHANG Yongchun1, CHEN Buming1, GUO Zhongcheng1,2*, LIU Jianhua1. Corrosion Resistance of Electrodeposited Al/Pb-Ag Anode During Zinc Electrowinning [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2013, 30(04): 458-463.

Research Progress of Mechanism of Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Development of Ir⁃based Catalysts

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 1

References 73

Related Articles 7

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments