Synthesis and Photovoltaic Application of Two Organic Small Molecules as Hole Transport Materials with Light-Absorbing Properties

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240115

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 1572-1584.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240115

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Synthesis and Photovoltaic Application of Two Organic Small Molecules as Hole Transport Materials with Light-Absorbing Properties

Juan PEI¹^,²(), Xin-Hui WANG¹, Hai-Jun LYU³(), Ting-Ting WANG³

^1.School of Science，Hebei University of Science and Technology，Shijiazhuang 050018，China
^2.（Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry （Ministry of Education），Nankai University，Tianjin 300071，China ）
^3.School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering，Hebei University of Science and Technology，Shijiazhuang 050018，China

Received:2024-04-02 Accepted:2024-10-01 Published:2024-11-01 Online:2024-12-04
Contact: Juan PEI,Hai-Jun LYU
About author:lvhaijun@hebust.edu.cn
peijuan2009@126.com；
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21603053);the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China(B2014208066)

1. .pdf(446KB)

Abstract

Abstract:

Electron donors with light absorption ability are important components in organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells. Organic small molecule hole transport materials are gradually becoming a research hotspot in the field of optoelectronics due to their advantages of clear chemical structure， adjustable structure and energy level， as well as simple synthesis and easy purification properties. In this work， two kinds of organic small molecule hole transport materials H1 and H3 were designed and synthesized with benzothiadizole as electron acceptor， conjugated π bridge of different lengths and substituted triphenylamine group as electron donor. The spatial configuration and electron cloud distribution were studied by density functional theory， the photophysical and electrochemical properties were characterized， and they were applied as electron donors in hybrid solar cells to study their photovoltaic characteristics. The experimental results showed that there are obvious intramolecular charge transfer phenomena in both molecules， which confirmed their D-A-D linear configuration. Both materials have a wide and strong optical response in the UV-visible region， and high hole mobility and conductivity. The energy levels of the molecules are in a suitable position to achieve efficient charge transfer between materials in hybrid solar cells. The photoelectric conversion efficiency （PCE） of hybrid solar cells based on H1 and H3 were 5.60% and 3.89%， respectively. Among them， H1 molecule has the highest hole mobility and conductivity values， and could form better heterojunction with TiO₂ layer， so the charge recombination of the corresponding cell device was significantly reduced， and the cell efficiency was better than the commonly used conjugated polymer hole transport material P3HT （PCE： 5.19%）.

Key words: Hybrid solar cells, Hole transport materials, Donor-Acceptor-Donor, Hole mobility, Charge recombination, Photoelectric conversion efficiency

CLC Number:

O649

Juan PEI, Xin-Hui WANG, Hai-Jun LYU, Ting-Ting WANG. Synthesis and Photovoltaic Application of Two Organic Small Molecules as Hole Transport Materials with Light-Absorbing Properties[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2024, 41(11): 1572-1584.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Synthetic route of organic small molecules based on benzothiadizole electron acceptor units

Fig.?2 ?DFT optimized molecular geometries， calculated spatial distributions of HOMO and LUMO and ESP distributions of HTMs

Fig.3 UV-Vis absorption spectra （A） and fluorescence spectra （B） of HTMs on FTO substrate， cyclic voltammetry curves （C， D） and normalized UV-Vis-fluorescence curves of HTMs （E， F）

Fig.4 Schematic diagrams of material energy levels and charge transport process

Fig.5 Linear scanning voltammetry of HTMs

Fig. 6 Mott-Schottky curves of H1 （A ） and H3（B） molecules， hole mobility curves （C） and conductivity curves （D） of H1， H3 and P3HT molecules

Fig.7 Images of contact angles with water on H1 （A） and H3 （B） surfaces

Table 1 Photoelectric performance parameters of cells

Device	V_oc/V	J_sc/（mA·cm^-2）	FF/%	PCE/%	R₂/Ω	f_max/Hz	τ_r/ms
1	0.71	13.58	57.81	5.60	3 988	82.54	1.93
2	0.55	14.44	49.21	3.89	838.6	145.2	1.09
3	0.64	14.51	58.08	5.19	1 568	141.2	1.13

Fig.8 J-V characteristic curves （A， insert： steady-state photocurrent spectroscopy） and dark current curves （B）， electrochemical impedance spectroscopy： Nyquist plots （C）， Bode plots （D） and the open circuit voltage decay curves： voltage-time decay polts （E）， carrier lifetime-voltage curves （F）

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Synthesis and Photovoltaic Application of Two Organic Small Molecules as Hole Transport Materials with Light-Absorbing Properties

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