Explosives & Propellants and Chemistry

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220390

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 916-922.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220390

Explosives & Propellants and Chemistry

De-Hong YANG(), Yang YANG, Kun WANG, Wen-Jie FAN, Fang HE, Liu-Xue ZHANG, Yao-Min ZHAO

School of Materials and Chemical Engineering，Zhongyuan University of Technology，Zhengzhou 450007，China

Received:2022-11-29 Accepted:2023-05-12 Published:2023-06-01 Online:2023-06-27
Contact: De-Hong YANG
About author:ydh@zut.edu.cn
Supported by:
Henan Province Online and Offline Courses Construction Project in 2021 （Higher education ［2021］ No.174）,Henan Provincial Undergraduate College“ Fight Epidemic”Curriculum Ideological and Political Model Courses in 2020 （Higher education ［2020］ No.531）, Henan Provincial University Outstanding Grass-roots Teaching Organizations in 2020 （Higher education ［2020］ No.393）, Henan Provincial University of the Youth Backbone Teacher Training Program(2019GGJS141);“Textile Light”Higher Education Reform Project （Nos.202 1BKJGLX531, 2021BKJGLX532）, Learning Cooperation and Cooperative Education Project(202102366060);Zhongyuan University of Technology's Graduate Education Quality Improvement Project(JG202117);Zhongyuan University of Technology's Education Reform Project(2020ZGJGLX055)

Abstract

Abstract:

Gunpowder is one of the four great inventions of ancient China， which once had an important impact on the world pattern and development process. However， after the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty， gunpowder firearms gradually declined in China. Gunpowder moved to the West with the war and became black powder， which promoted the birth and development of modern chemical science. The development of chemical science is of great significance to the dynamite family. The brilliant achievements of China's modern king of dynamite revitalize the glory of Chinese gunpowder. This paper reviews the legendary development course and the groundbreaking role of dynamite， describes the properties， rich types and unique working principles of its special chemical energy， and tries to trace the internal mechanism of gunpowder combustion and explosion. It aims to highlight the importance of scientific thinking mode and the development of chemistry discipline to the study of explosives， so as to continuously enrich the knowledge connotation of chemistry students， stimulate their enthusiasm for innovative thinking， enhance their professional confidence， cultural confidence and national confidence， and promote the spirit of scientists.

Key words: Explosives & propellants, Chemistry, Combustion and explosion, History of development, Logical thinking, Scientist spirit

CLC Number:

O622.6

De-Hong YANG, Yang YANG, Kun WANG, Wen-Jie FAN, Fang HE, Liu-Xue ZHANG, Yao-Min ZHAO. Explosives & Propellants and Chemistry[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2023, 40(6): 916-922.

Figures/Tables 3

References 14

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A common name or code name	Year of invention	A common name or code name	Year of invention
PA	1742	RDX	1899
NG	1847	NQ	1900
TNT	1863	HMX	1943
CE	1877	ADN	1970
NC	1886	HNIW	1994
TATB	1888	ONC	2000
PETN	1894	DNTF	2002

A common name or code name	Year of invention	A common name or code name	Year of invention
PA	1742	RDX	1899
NG	1847	NQ	1900
TNT	1863	HMX	1943
CE	1877	ADN	1970
NC	1886	HNIW	1994
TATB	1888	ONC	2000
PETN	1894	DNTF	2002

Explosives	Representative	Energy ratio	Explosion velocity/（m·s^-1）	Present situation
第1代	TNT	1	6 800	仍在使用
第2代	RDX、HMX	1.4~1.6	8 600， 9 000	现役武器装备主装药
第3代	CL-20、DNTF	1.5~1.7	9 500， 9 250	步入装备阶段
第4代	全氮类、金属氢	2~10， 25~35	14 000， 15 000	实验室探索

Explosives	Representative	Energy ratio	Explosion velocity/（m·s^-1）	Present situation
第1代	TNT	1	6 800	仍在使用
第2代	RDX、HMX	1.4~1.6	8 600， 9 000	现役武器装备主装药
第3代	CL-20、DNTF	1.5~1.7	9 500， 9 250	步入装备阶段
第4代	全氮类、金属氢	2~10， 25~35	14 000， 15 000	实验室探索

Typical substances	Reaction speed control factors	Reaction time/s	Reaction type	Power output/（W·cm^-3）
煤-空气	热传递	1×10^-1	氧化-还原	10
火药	热传递	1×10^-3	氧化-还原	1×10³
炸药	冲击波传递	1×10^-6	氧化-还原（少数例外）	1×10⁹

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