应用化学 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 169-187.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220236

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功能化介孔二氧化硅的制备及其吸附分离水中铀的研究进展

张琴, 刘文彬, 樊利娇, 谢宇铭, 黄国林()   

  1. 东华理工大学化学生物与材料科学学院,南昌 330013
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-08 接受日期:2022-10-28 出版日期:2023-02-01 发布日期:2023-02-27
  • 通讯作者: 黄国林
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(21866005)

Research Progress in the Preparation of Functionalized Mesoporous Silica and Its Application in Adsorption and Separation of Uranium from Water

Qin ZHANG, Wen-Bin LIU, Li-Jiao FAN, Yu-Ming XIE, Guo-Lin HUANG()   

  1. School of Chemistry,Biology and Material Science,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China
  • Received:2022-07-08 Accepted:2022-10-28 Published:2023-02-01 Online:2023-02-27
  • Contact: Guo-Lin HUANG
  • About author:guolinhuang@sina.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21866005)

摘要:

铀是一种高效、清洁的核能燃料,但在核工业中不可避免地会产生含铀废水。如果不及时处理,泄漏到环境中,将对动植物和人类的健康构成威胁。因此,从能源回收和环境保护的角度来说,研究水溶液中U(Ⅵ)的分离工艺迫在眉睫。吸附技术因其可行性、效率高和操作简单等优点备受关注。功能化介孔二氧化硅材料具有比表面积大、孔容量大和吸附能力强等优点,是一种理想的吸附剂,在铀的吸附分离领域有着广泛的应用。本文在功能化介孔二氧化硅制备方法的基础上,结合X射线光电子能谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线吸收精细结构谱、X射线能谱分析和拉曼光谱等分析方法,对国内外目前水溶液中U(Ⅵ)吸附的表征及吸附机理进行了综述。虽然功能化介孔硅吸附铀已经取得了令人鼓舞和潜在的发展,但新型多功能吸附剂的设计和批量生产在实际环境的应用方面仍具有挑战性。

关键词: 介孔二氧化硅, 功能化, 铀, 吸附, 机理

Abstract:

Uranium is an efficient and clean fuel for nuclear energy, but it inevitably produces uranium-containing wastewater in the nuclear industry. If it is not treated in time and leaked into the environment, it will pose a threat to the health of animals, plants and human beings. Therefore, the separation process of U(Ⅵ) in aqueous solution is urgent based on the perspective of energy recovery and environmental protection. Adsorption techniques have especially attracted attentions because of their advantages on feasibility, efficiency and simple operation. As an ideal adsorbent, functionalized mesoporous silica material has the advantages of large specific surface area, high pore capacity and adsorption capacity. It has a wide range of applications in the field of adsorption and separation for uranium. In this paper, the characterization and adsorption mechanism of U(?Ⅵ?) adsorption in aqueous solutions at home and abroad are reviewed on the basis of functionalized mesoporous silica preparation methods, combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, X-ray energy spectrum analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Although there have been encouraging and potential developments in functionalized mesoporous silica adsorbed uranium, the design and mass production of novel multifunctional adsorbents for applications in actual environments remain challenging.

Key words: Mesoporous silica, Functionalization, Uranium, Adsorption, Mechanism

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