基于高分子的疫苗递送系统构建和应用

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210055

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 疫苗是人类用于抵御病原体入侵所开发的一类生物制品,能够有效地控制和预防各种传染性疾病,而现有的一些疫苗由于其成分和结构的缺陷,使得其免疫原性较差,不能很好地诱导机体产生体免疫反应,保护机体。因此,如何通过合理设计,使用合适的载体和佐剂构建有效的疫苗递送系统成为学术界和产业界的关注重点。本文回顾了现有疫苗递送系统的进展,并阐述了现有疫苗递送系统的不足和高分子疫苗递送系统的优势,随后结合本课题组相关研究工作从天然高分子和合成高分子两方面系统阐述了高分子疫苗递送系统在各种类型疫苗中的应用,同时思考了高分子疫苗递送系统在开发新的免疫方式上的优势和广泛应用前景,并展望了高分子疫苗递送系统的未来发展趋势。

关键词: 高分子, 疫苗, 递送系统, 载体, 佐剂

Abstract: Vaccine is a biological product developed by humans to resist the invasion of the pathogens, which can control and prevent the infectious diseases effectively. However, some existing vaccines have poor immunogenicity due to their component and structural defects, which cannot induce the immune response well. As a consequence, using the suitable carriers and adjuvant to construct an effective vaccine delivery system through reasonable design has received the attention of the academic and industrial circles. This article reviews the recent progress of existing vaccine delivery systems, explains the shortcomings of existing vaccine delivery systems and the advantages of polymer vaccine delivery systems. Besides, the application of the polymer-based vaccine delivery system in various types of vaccines is systematically explained in terms of natural polymer and synthetic polymer. Subsequently, the advantages of the application prospects of the polymer-based vaccine systems in the development of new immune methods are discussed. Finally, the future trend of the polymer-based vaccine systems is prospected.

Key words: Polymer, Vaccine, Delivery system, Carrier, Adjuvant

中图分类号:

O631

潘勇, 齐延新, 李晓媛, 黄宇彬. 基于高分子的疫苗递送系统构建和应用[J]. 应用化学, 2021, 38(5): 582-591.

PAN Yong, QI Yan-Xin, LI Xiao-Yuan, HUANG Yu-Bin. Progress of the Construction and Application of the Polymer-based Vaccine Delivery System[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2021, 38(5): 582-591.

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