纳米生物材料在抗病毒疫苗佐剂中的应用

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210062

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 病毒引发的传染病严重危害人类的健康,新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)感染的肺炎疫情已构成全球重大公共卫生事件。疫苗接种是有效防止病毒感染和控制传染病蔓延的重要途径。常规疫苗往往存在半衰期较短、免疫原性不强、靶向性弱、吸收慢、储存和运送要求高等问题。近年来,纳米生物材料由于具有较低的全身毒性,更强的组织靶向性,较高的比表面积和更低的免疫滴度,有望作为疫苗佐剂用于病毒感染性疾病的预防和治疗。本篇综述了纳米生物材料作为抗病毒疫苗佐剂的分类、作用途径和机制,并结合目前正在世界范围内流行的新型冠状病毒肺炎,描述了纳米生物材料在新冠疫苗中的应用。最后,总结了纳米生物材料在抗病毒疫苗佐剂中面临的挑战。

关键词: 纳米生物材料, 疫苗佐剂, 抗病毒, 新型冠状病毒

Abstract: Viral infectious diseases seriously endanger human health, the new type of coronary pneumonia has become a major global public safety and health incident. Vaccination is an important way to effectively prevent and control viral infections and the spread of infectious diseases. While routine vaccines have shown a shortfall, such as short half-life, weak immunogenicity, weak targeting, slow absorption, and high storage and delivery requirements. In recent years, nanobiomaterials are expected to be used as vaccine adjuvants for the prevention and treatment of viral infectious diseases due to their lower systemic toxicity, stronger tissue targeting, higher specific surface area and lower immune titer. This review will focus on the classification, action pathways and mechanisms of nanobiomaterials as adjuvants for antiviral vaccines. In addition, the application of nanobiomaterials in the new crown vaccine is described in combination with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), which is currently popular worldwide. Finally, the challenges faced by nanobiomaterials in antiviral vaccine adjuvants are summarized.

Key words: Nano-biomaterials, Adjuvants of vaccine, Antiviral, COVID-19

中图分类号:

O641.3

曹灵芝, 王钊铄, 王蓓. 纳米生物材料在抗病毒疫苗佐剂中的应用[J]. 应用化学, 2021, 38(5): 572-581.

CAO Ling-Zhi, WANG Zhao-Shuo, WANG Bei. Application of Nano Biomaterials in Antiviral Vaccine Adjuvant[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2021, 38(5): 572-581.

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