应用化学 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (9): 1288-1301.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230044

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

磷系阻燃剂插层镁铝型水滑石复合物的制备及其在热塑性聚氨酯中的阻燃应用

史俊杰, 史哲航, 李红周()   

  1. 福建师范大学环境与资源学院、碳中和现代产业学院,聚合物资源绿色循环利用教育部工程研究中心,福州 350007
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-01 接受日期:2023-07-08 出版日期:2023-09-01 发布日期:2023-09-14
  • 通讯作者: 李红周
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51903049);福建省自然科学基金(2021J01198);泉州市科技计划项目(2022C008R)

Preparation of Magnesium Aluminum-Type Hydrotalcite Compounds Intercalated with Phosphorus Flame Retardants and Their Flame Retardant Application in Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Jun-Jie SHI, Zhe-Hang SHI, Hong-Zhou LI()   

  1. College of Environmental and Resources,College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry,Engineering Research Center of Polymer Resources Green Recycling of Ministry of Education,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China
  • Received:2023-03-01 Accepted:2023-07-08 Published:2023-09-01 Online:2023-09-14
  • Contact: Hong-Zhou LI
  • About author:lihongzhou@fjnu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51903049);the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2021J01198);the Scientific and Technological Project of Quanzhou(2022C008R)

摘要:

采用直接的无溶剂制备方法,将3种磷系阻燃剂9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)、聚磷酸铵(APP)和三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)分别插层到镁铝型水滑石(MAH)片层中,制备了3种含磷阻燃剂的MAH复合物(DOPO-MAH、APP-MAH和MPP-MAH),并采用模压成型法制备了MAH复合物与热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)的复合材料。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和热重分析分别对复合物进行了表征,并且通过锥形量热仪对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,MAH中MPP的分散性较差,DOPO和APP的分散性较好,并且磷元素分布均匀。MAH的初始层间距为4.11 nm,APP和MPP均在0.5 h时就已完成插层,最终层间距分别缩小到3.93和4.04 nm。DOPO则在0.5 h后完成,但插层后的层间距更小,为3.86 nm。与物理混合物所制得的复合材料相比,(DOPO-MAH-6h)/TPU和(APP-MAH-6h)/TPU的热释放速率峰值分别从669.3 kW/m2降至573.9 kW/m2,从657.7 kW/m2降至405.9 kW/m2,(MPP-MAH-6h)/TPU与(MPP+MAH)/TPU的热释放速率峰值的差别不大。与TPU热释放速率峰值的1236.6 kW/m2相比,(DOPO-MAH-6h)/TPU降低了53%,(APP-MAH-6h)/TPU降低了67%,(MPP-MAH-6h)/TPU降低了57%,以上表明DOPO-MAH、APP-MAH和MPP-MAH可以用来改善TPU的阻燃性能,但DOPO-MAH与APP-MAH在TPU中的阻燃应用前景更好。

关键词: 9, 10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物, 聚磷酸铵, 三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐, 水滑石插层, 热塑性聚氨酯, 阻燃

Abstract:

Three phosphorus flame retardants 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphafi-10-oxide (DOPO), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and melamine polyphosphate (MPP) are intercalated into magnesium-aluminium type hydrotalcite (MAH) sheets by direct solvent-free preparation method, and three MAH compounds containing phosphorus flame retardants (DOPO-MAH, APP-MAH and MPP-MAH) are obtained. The three MAH compounds are added into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to obtain their composites by hot-pressing. The compounds are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and their composites are characterized via cone calorimetry. The results show that the dispersion of MPP in MAH is poor; the dispersion of DOPO and APP in MAH is better and the distribution of elemental phosphorus is uniform. The initial interlayer spacing of MAH is 4.11 nm. Both APP and MPP are intercalated at 0.5 h, and the final interlayer spacing is reduced to 3.93 and 4.04 nm, respectively. DOPO is completed after 0.5 h, and the interlayer spacing of the intercalated MAH is smaller, 3.86 nm. Compared with composites made from physical mixtures, the peak heat release rate of (DOPO-MAH-6h)/TPU and (APP-MAH-6h)/TPU is decreased from 669.3 kW/m2 to 573.9 kW/m2 and from 657.7 kW/m2 to 405.9 kW/m2. (MPP-MAH-6h)/TPU have no difference with (MPP+MAH)/TPU in peak heat release rate. Compared to the peak heat release rate of TPU, 1236.6 kW/m2, the peak heat release rate of (DOPO-MAH-6h)/TPU, (APP-MAH-6h)/TPU and (MPP-MAH-6h)/TPU was reduced by 53%, 67% and 57%, respectively. The results indicate that DOPO-MAH, APP-MAH and MPP-MAH can be used to improve the flame retardant properties of TPU, however, DOPO-MAH and APP-MAH have better prospects for flame retardant applications in TPU.

Key words: 9, 10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, Ammonium polyphosphate, Melamine pyrophosphate, Hydrotalcite intercalation, Thermoplastic polyurethane, Flame retardancy

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