应用化学 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 1783-1802.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220114

• 综合评述 •    下一篇

侧链磺化聚芳醚质子交换膜的研究进展

曹桐1,2, 彭军1,2, 冯炎3, 刘孝波1,2(), 黄宇敏1,2()   

  1. 1.电子科技大学材料与能源学院,成都 611731
    2.四川省碳氮高分子新材料工程技术研究中心,成都 611731
    3.深圳伊腾迪新能源有限公司,深圳 518103
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-07 接受日期:2022-09-04 出版日期:2022-12-01 发布日期:2022-12-13
  • 通讯作者: 刘孝波,黄宇敏
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(21805027);四川省科技计划项目(2019YJ0197)

Research Progress of Side-Chain Sulfonated Polyarylene Ether Proton Exchange Membranes

Tong CAO1,2, Jun PENG1,2, Yan FENG3, Xiao-Bo LIU1,2(), Yu-Min HUANG1,2()   

  1. 1.School of Materials and Energy,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731,China
    2.Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Novel CN Polymeric Materials,Chengdu 611731,China
    3.Shenzhen Extender Co. ,Ltd,Shenzhen 518103,China
  • Received:2022-04-07 Accepted:2022-09-04 Published:2022-12-01 Online:2022-12-13
  • Contact: Xiao-Bo LIU,Yu-Min HUANG
  • About author:hym@uestc.edu.cn
    liuxb@uestc.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21805027);Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2019YJ0197)

摘要:

燃料电池是以氢气、甲醇等作为燃料的一种新型能量转化装置,其中质子交换膜燃料电池(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, PEMFC)凭借其能量功率高、启动速度快和使用寿命长等优点已经在移动电源、潜艇和电动汽车等领域得到了广泛应用。质子交换膜(Proton Exchange Membrane, PEM)对PEMFC的性能影响最大,高效的PEMFC需要PEM具有高的质子电导率、良好的热稳定性和机械性能、低燃料渗透率以及优异的物理化学稳定性等。目前市面上多数使用的均是具有优异质子电导率的Nafion系列膜,但其存在制备困难、成本昂贵、质子电导率严重依赖湿度等缺点,在一定程度上限制了其发展。为了让PEM有更多的选择,科学家一直专注于使用新材料替代Nafion膜。近年来,科学家们模拟Nafion结构,通过合成各种侧链含磺酸基团的聚芳醚结构,使得亲水基团磺酸基和疏水基团之间形成微相分离结构,从而获得了一系列具有优异综合性能的PEM。本文将重点对侧链烷基磺化型、侧链磺化嵌段型、侧链局部密集磺化型、侧链磺化交联型和侧链磺化复合型这几种常见策略的合成方法及性能进行了综述,最后展望了侧链磺化聚芳醚在PEM领域的优势及发展前景。

关键词: 燃料电池, 质子交换膜, 侧链磺化, 质子电导率

Abstract:

Fuel cell is a new type of energy conversion device using hydrogen, methanol, etc. as fuel, among which the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been widely used in mobile power, submarines and electric vehicles by virtue of its high energy power, fast start-up speed and long service life. Proton exchange membranes (PEM) have the greatest impact on the performance of PEMFC. Efficient PEMFC requires PEM with high proton conductivity, good thermal stability and mechanical properties, low fuel permeability and excellent physical and chemical stability. Most of the membranes currently used in the market are Nafion membranes with excellent proton conductivity, but they have disadvantages such as difficulty in preparation, expensive cost, and heavy dependence on humidity for proton conductivity, which limits their development to some extent. In order to make more options for proton exchange membranes, scientists have been focusing on using new materials to replace Nafion membranes. In recent years, scientists have simulated the Nafion structure by synthesizing various side chain polyaryl ether structures containing sulfonic acid groups, allowing the formation of microphase separation structures between hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups and hydrophobic groups, resulting in a series of proton exchange membranes with excellent overall performance. This paper focuses on the synthesis methods and properties of several common strategies, such as side chain alkyl sulfonated type, side chain sulfonated block type, side chain partially dense sulfonated type, side chain sulfonated cross-linked type and side chain sulfonated composite type. Finally, the advantages and development prospects of side chain sulfonated polyaryl ethers in the field of proton exchange membranes are reviewed.

Key words: Fuel cell, Proton exchange membrane, Side chain sulfonation, Proton conductivity

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