K2CO3活化制备花椒籽废渣的活性炭及其对对硝基苯酚的吸附性能

doi:10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2017.05.160335

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用花椒籽废渣(RPS)为原料,K₂CO₃为活化剂制备了花椒籽废渣活性炭(KAC),以期实现农业废弃物的再利用。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)、能量散射光谱(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和气体吸附法等技术手段对其进行表征。分析了浸渍比(m(K₂CO₃)：m(RPS))、浸渍时间、活化温度和活化时间对制备花椒籽废渣活性炭的影响,并且测试了花椒籽废渣活性炭对对硝基苯酚的吸附行为。研究结果表明,在浸渍比为0.8,浸渍时间为12 h,活化温度为550 ℃,活化时间为60 min的条件下,活性炭的产率为29.3%,比表面积为1210 m²/g,碘值为1002 mg/g,对亚甲基蓝的平衡吸附容量为362 mg/g,灰分为2.2%,水分为6.6%。对对硝基苯酚的吸附性能研究表明,293 K,pH=8.0,吸附180 min后可达到吸附平衡,对硝基苯酚的吸附容量为406 mg/g,吸附可用Langmuir等温方程较好模拟,吸附为自发的放热过程。动力学研究表明该吸附符合准二级动力学模型。 K₂CO₃活化法制备花椒籽废渣活性炭原料廉价,工艺简单,制得的活性炭吸附性能优异,具有较好的应用前景。

关键词: 花椒籽废渣活性炭, K2CO3活化, 对硝基苯酚, 吸附

Abstract:

To achieve the recycling of agricultural wastes, activated carbons were prepared from waste residue of Chinese prickly ash seeds(RPS) activated by K₂CO₃(KAC). It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR), scanning elecrton microscopy(SEM), thermal gravimetric analyzer(TGA), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and N₂-adsorption-desorption. The effect of various process parameters such as the impregnation ratio(mass ratio of K₂CO₃ to waste residue of Chinese prickly ash seeds) and time, and the carbonisation temperature and time on the yield was analyzed. Under the conditions that the impregnation ratio is 0.8, the impregnation time is 12 h, the carbonisation temperature is 550 ℃ and the carbonisation time is 60 min, the yield, specific area, iodine number, and methylene blue adsorption capacity of activated carbon are 29.3%, 1210 m²/g, 1002 mg/g, and 362 mg/g, respectively. The ash and moisture masses are 2.2% and 6.6%, respectively. Its adsorption capacity for p-nitrophenol is 406 mg/g at 293 K, pH=8.0 after being adsorbed for 180 min. Thermodynamics studies show that the adsorption process can be favorably described by Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption kinetics is better fitted to the pseudo-second-order model. Preparation of KAC has the advantages of low cost materials and simple technics. Activated carbon prepared has the good adsorption property and can be applied in many fields.

Key words: Chinese prickly ash seeds, activated carbon, p-nitrophenol, adsorption

王亚非, 于霞, 朱钰, 查飞. K₂CO₃活化制备花椒籽废渣的活性炭及其对对硝基苯酚的吸附性能[J]. 应用化学, 2017, 34(5): 597-605.

WANG Yafei, YU Xia, ZHU Yu, ZHA Fei. Preparation of Activated Carbon from Waste Residue of Chinese Prickly Ash Seeds Activated with K₂CO₃ and Its Adsorption Properties for p-Nitrophenol[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2017, 34(5): 597-605.

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K₂CO₃活化制备花椒籽废渣的活性炭及其对对硝基苯酚的吸附性能

Preparation of Activated Carbon from Waste Residue of Chinese Prickly Ash Seeds Activated with K₂CO₃ and Its Adsorption Properties for p-Nitrophenol

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