Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 937-947.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230372
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Sai CUI1, Ya-Ting MENG1,2, Song-Bai WANG1, Chuan DONG1, Shao-Min SHUANG1()
Received:
2023-11-28
Accepted:
2024-05-06
Published:
2024-07-01
Online:
2024-08-03
Contact:
Shao-Min SHUANG
About author:
smshuang@sxu.edu.cnSupported by:
CLC Number:
Sai CUI, Ya-Ting MENG, Song-Bai WANG, Chuan DONG, Shao-Min SHUANG. Preparation of Solvent-Dependent Carbon Dots for Water Content Detection and Anti-Counterfeiting[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2024, 41(7): 937-947.
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URL: http://yyhx.ciac.jl.cn/EN/10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230372
Fig.3 (A) The UV-visible absorption and excitation-emission spectra; (B) Fluorescence spectra at different excitation wavelengths; (C) 3D fluorescence spectra; (D) Fluorescence lifetime decay curve of N-CDs
Quinine sulfate | N-CDs | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abs | 0.018 | 0.024 | 0.025 | 0.031 | 0.043 | 0.013 | 0.023 | 0.029 | 0.044 | 0.050 |
Integrated FL intensity/a.u. | 112.223 | 145.650 | 178.785 | 219.476 | 347.290 | 252.846 | 308.065 | 453.895 | 664.643 | 758.695 |
Grad | 9 548.2 | 14 346 | ||||||||
QY/% | 56.1 | 87.76 |
Table 1 Relevant data of integrated fluorescence intensity and absorbance of Quinine sulfate and N-CDs at 360 nm excitation wavelength
Quinine sulfate | N-CDs | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abs | 0.018 | 0.024 | 0.025 | 0.031 | 0.043 | 0.013 | 0.023 | 0.029 | 0.044 | 0.050 |
Integrated FL intensity/a.u. | 112.223 | 145.650 | 178.785 | 219.476 | 347.290 | 252.846 | 308.065 | 453.895 | 664.643 | 758.695 |
Grad | 9 548.2 | 14 346 | ||||||||
QY/% | 56.1 | 87.76 |
Fig.5 (A) The UV-visible absorpton spectra, (B) optimal fluorescence emission peak, (C) lmages in sunlight and ultraviolet light (The solvents from left to right are THF, acetone,DMF, DMSO, ethanol, methanol,water), (D) the emission peak position varies with relative polarity parameter (ETN) of N-CDs in different solvents
Fig.6 (A) The normalized fluorescence spectra; (B)Color coordinate graph of different water volume fraction; (C) The ultraviolet light images of N-CDs with water volume fraction (The volume fractions of water from left to right are 2%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%,80%, 90% and 98%, respectively)
S. N | Water volume fractions in EtOH/% | (x, y) |
---|---|---|
1 | 2 | (0.15, 0.12) |
2 | 10 | (0.18, 0.20) |
3 | 20 | (0.18, 0.22) |
4 | 30 | (0.20, 0.27) |
5 | 40 | (0.23, 0.37) |
6 | 50 | (0.23, 0.38) |
7 | 60 | (0.23, 0.38) |
8 | 70 | (0.26, 0.39) |
9 | 80 | (0.29, 0.41) |
10 | 90 | (0.33, 0.44) |
11 | 98 | (0.40, 0.50) |
Table 2 Chromaticity color coordinates (x, y) of CDs with different water volume fractions in EtOH
S. N | Water volume fractions in EtOH/% | (x, y) |
---|---|---|
1 | 2 | (0.15, 0.12) |
2 | 10 | (0.18, 0.20) |
3 | 20 | (0.18, 0.22) |
4 | 30 | (0.20, 0.27) |
5 | 40 | (0.23, 0.37) |
6 | 50 | (0.23, 0.38) |
7 | 60 | (0.23, 0.38) |
8 | 70 | (0.26, 0.39) |
9 | 80 | (0.29, 0.41) |
10 | 90 | (0.33, 0.44) |
11 | 98 | (0.40, 0.50) |
Sample 1 (42° Shanxi Fen Wine) | Measured (φ/%) | Amount spiked (φ/%) | Amount measured (φ/%) | Recovery/% | RSD/% (n=6) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fluorescence intensity method | 60.41 | 10 | 73.64 | 104.60 | 0.38 |
20 | 78.96 | 98.20 | 0.09 | ||
30 | 90.70 | 100.32 | 0.06 | ||
Emission peak method | 54.65 | 10 | 61.88 | 103.20 | 2.34 |
20 | 81.62 | 109.34 | 2.32 | ||
30 | 88.43 | 104.47 | 1.87 |
Table 3 Determination of water volume fraction in Shanxi Fen Wine
Sample 1 (42° Shanxi Fen Wine) | Measured (φ/%) | Amount spiked (φ/%) | Amount measured (φ/%) | Recovery/% | RSD/% (n=6) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fluorescence intensity method | 60.41 | 10 | 73.64 | 104.60 | 0.38 |
20 | 78.96 | 98.20 | 0.09 | ||
30 | 90.70 | 100.32 | 0.06 | ||
Emission peak method | 54.65 | 10 | 61.88 | 103.20 | 2.34 |
20 | 81.62 | 109.34 | 2.32 | ||
30 | 88.43 | 104.47 | 1.87 |
Sample 2 (75% medicinal alcohol) | Measured (φ/%) | Amount spiked (φ/%) | Amount measured (φ/%) | Recovery/% | RSD/% (n=6) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fluorescence intensity method | 30.32 | 10 | 41.83 | 103.75 | 0.26 |
20 | 49.74 | 98.85 | 0.29 | ||
30 | 59.47 | 96.94 | 0.35 | ||
Emission peak method | 26.41 | 10 | 37.18 | 102.11 | 1.34 |
20 | 43.72 | 94.20 | 2.46 | ||
30 | 63.61 | 112.76 | 2.85 |
Table 4 Determination of water content in medicinal alcohol
Sample 2 (75% medicinal alcohol) | Measured (φ/%) | Amount spiked (φ/%) | Amount measured (φ/%) | Recovery/% | RSD/% (n=6) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fluorescence intensity method | 30.32 | 10 | 41.83 | 103.75 | 0.26 |
20 | 49.74 | 98.85 | 0.29 | ||
30 | 59.47 | 96.94 | 0.35 | ||
Emission peak method | 26.41 | 10 | 37.18 | 102.11 | 1.34 |
20 | 43.72 | 94.20 | 2.46 | ||
30 | 63.61 | 112.76 | 2.85 |
Fig. 8 (A) Picture of the evaporation and drying process of N-CDs test strips soaked in ethanol under ultraviolet light (λ=365 nm); (B) Pictures in the presence of ethanol, drying, and water; (C) Pictures of cyclic recovery capability (λ=365 nm)
Fig.10 Anti-counterfeiting application of N-CDs: (A) N-CDs as fluorescent ink; (B) N-CDs as writing paper; (C) N-CDs test paper is designed as paper-cuttings; (D) N-CDs/PVA film
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