Preparation of Ce-Mn/ZrO2 Composite Catalyst and Its Sulfur Fixation Performance

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240018

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 839-850.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240018

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Preparation of Ce-Mn/ZrO₂ Composite Catalyst and Its Sulfur Fixation Performance

Zhi-Yan LU¹, Wen-Xuan CHEN¹, Wang-Shi-Yi SUN¹, Ning-Ze ZHUO², Xiao WEI¹, Li-Fang LIAO¹, Qing-Li XU¹, Shi-Yong WU¹()

^1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering，East China University of Science and Technology，Shanghai 200237，China
^2.Shanghai Environmental Sanitation Engineering Design Institute Co. ，Ltd. ，Shanghai 200232，China

Received:2024-01-18 Accepted:2024-04-18 Published:2024-06-01 Online:2024-07-09
Contact: Shi-Yong WU
About author:wsy@ecust.edu.cn
Supported by:
the College Students′ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program(S202210251089);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21978091)

Abstract

Abstract:

SO₂ released during sludge combustion causes significant environmental pollution. Sulfur can be fixed in the ash by adding a calcium-based sulfur-fixing agent，but the effect is limited because of its easy sintering at high temperatures. Herein， Ce-Mn/ZrO₂ composite catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation method to improve the sulfur-fixing effect， and the composition and morphology of the catalysts were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopic-energy dispersive spectroscopy （FESEM-EDS）， transmission electron microscopy （TEM）， X-ray diffraction （XRD）， and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. Further， by mixing the catalyst with a calcium-based sulfur-fixing agent and sludge， high-temperature sulfur-fixing experiments were carried out on a sulfur determination device to study its sulfur-fixing performance. The results showed that the synthesis method of the catalyst could effectively disperse Ce and Mn elements in the carrier. The synergistic effect between Ce-Mn could promote a reaction to produce more oxygen vacancies， thereby promoting the conversion of SO₂ to SO₃. The sulfur fixation rate was as high as 72.60% when n（Ca）/n（S）=1.5， the content of Ce-Mn/ZrO₂ catalyst was 3.5% and the combustion temperature was 1000 ℃. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the temperatures of sludge ignition were depressed as well as reaction activation energy， and the combustibility of sludge could be promoted after the agents were added. So that the sulfur fixation product could be stable. Ce-Mn/ZrO₂ presents an excellent catalytic activity for sulfur fixation， so it has a broad prospect in enhancing sulfur removal in sludge combustion.

Key words: Catalyst, Sludge combustion, Thermogravimetric analysis, Kinetics, Sulfur fixation mechanism

CLC Number:

O643.3

Zhi-Yan LU, Wen-Xuan CHEN, Wang-Shi-Yi SUN, Ning-Ze ZHUO, Xiao WEI, Li-Fang LIAO, Qing-Li XU, Shi-Yong WU. Preparation of Ce-Mn/ZrO₂ Composite Catalyst and Its Sulfur Fixation Performance[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2024, 41(6): 839-850.

Figures/Tables 13

Table 1 Proximate and ultimate analysis of sludge

Sample	Proximate analysis/%（mass percent）				Ultimate analysis/%（mass percent）
Sample	M_ad	A_ad	V_ad	FC_ad	C_daf	H_daf	O_daf	N_daf	S_daf
Sludge	3.78	49.23	42.84	4.15	50.00	9.17	29.74	6.48	4.61

Fig.1 Flow chart of Ce-Mn/ZrO2 catalyst preparation

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of sulfur fixation equipment

Fig.3 FESEM images （A）， TEM images （B）， enlarged images by FESEM （C）， EDS pattern（D） and surface elemental distribution diagram （E） of Ce-Mn/ZrO2

Fig.4 XRD pattern （A）， XPS spectra （B）， Ce3d XPS spectrum （C） and Mn2p XPS spectrum （D） of Ce-Mn/ZrO2

Fig.5 Sulfur-fixation efficiency with different active components at 1100 ℃ with n（Ca）/n（S）=2

Fig.7 Sulfur-fixation efficiency without catalysts （A）， sulfur-fixation efficiency with catalysts （B）

Fig.8 Effect of catalysts on sulfur-fixation efficiency under different n（Ca）/n（S） conditions with various tempetures

Fig.9 SO2 release curves of various samples within the temperature range of 500 to 1100 ℃

Fig.10 TG/DTG curves of sludge （A）， TG curves of each group of samples （B） and DTG curves of each group of samples （C）

Fig.11 Kinetic plots of sludge

Table 2 Kinetic parameters for combustion of sludge

Sample	Ignition point/℃	Combustion stage	Corresponding temperature range/℃	Reaction order n	Fitting equation	Coefficient of determination R²	E/ （kJ·mol^-1）
Sludge	218.00	Before volatile peak 1	217.66~264.91	0.5	y=-4 054.5x-6.071 9	0.963 4	33.71
		After volatile peak 1	272.09~300.28	2	y=-4 478.1x-4.757 4	0.975 6	37.23
		After fixed carbon peak 2	400.72~467.43	2	y=-6 627.9x-1.815 2	0.995 9	55.10
Sludge-Ca	212.06	Before volatile peak 1	220.92~263.66	0.5	y=-3 358.7x-7.380 9	0.964 0	27.92
		After volatile peak 1	275.01~305.03	2	y=-4 358.9x-5.022 9	0.985 2	36.24
		After fixed carbon peak 2	402.13~471.85	2	y=-5 172.6x-4.066 5	0.987 3	43.01
Sludge-Ca-C	206.21	Before volatile peak 1	227.08~261.98	0.5	y=-2 759.5x-8.640 5	0.981 0	22.94
		After volatile peak 1	286.34~324.70	2	y=-4 025.9x-5.875 0	0.993 2	33.47
		After fixed carbon peak 2	396.46~457.86	2	y=-3596.6x-6.6980	0.988 3	29.90

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Preparation of Ce-Mn/ZrO₂ Composite Catalyst and Its Sulfur Fixation Performance

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