Research Progress on the Immunomodulatory Mechanism of Ginseng Active Ingredients and Its Application in the Treatment of Diseases

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250054

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 182-194.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250054

• Review • Previous Articles

Research Progress on the Immunomodulatory Mechanism of Ginseng Active Ingredients and Its Application in the Treatment of Diseases

Jing LI¹, Zhi-Yuan SUN², Shuo ZHOU¹, Lin-Yi XU¹, Hao-Ming LUO¹, Xiao-Xue FANG¹()

^1.School of Pharmacy，Changchun University of Chinese Medicine，Changchun 130117，China
^2.School of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Changchun University of Chinese Medicine，Changchun 130117，China

Received:2025-02-13 Accepted:2025-10-21 Published:2026-02-01 Online:2026-03-06
Contact: Xiao-Xue FANG
About author:fangxiaoxue1996@163.com
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82304913);the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(YDZJ202501ZYTS803)

Abstract

Abstract:

Ginseng is a qi-tonifying herb with the properties of sweet， slightly bitter， and neutral taste. It is known for its effects of replenishing vital energy， promoting the production of body fluids， and calming the mind. The main active components of ginseng include ginsenosides， ginseng polysaccharides， volatile oils， and amino acids. These components have significant immunomodulatory effects on the human body and can exert actions against metabolic disorders， atherosclerosis， tumors， inflammation， and oxidation through immune regulation. Therefore， the active components of ginseng have potential applications in the fields of metabolic diseases， tumors， bone and joint diseases， and respiratory diseases. This article reviews the pharmacological effects of ginseng active components in treating various diseases through immune regulation and elucidates the mechanisms of action. It provides potential resources for the development of new traditional Chinese medicine drugs and health products， and also offers theoretical basis for the basic research and clinical application of ginseng active components in immunotherapy of various diseases.

Key words: Ginseng active ingredient, Immune system, Mechanism of action, Diabetes mellitus, Atherosclerosis, Tumors, Bone and joint diseases, Respiratory diseases

CLC Number:

O629

Jing LI, Zhi-Yuan SUN, Shuo ZHOU, Lin-Yi XU, Hao-Ming LUO, Xiao-Xue FANG. Research Progress on the Immunomodulatory Mechanism of Ginseng Active Ingredients and Its Application in the Treatment of Diseases[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2026, 43(2): 182-194.

Figures/Tables 6

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Ginsenoside			Polysaccharide	Amino acids	Volatility oil	Other
Protopanaxadiol	Protopanaxatriol	Oleanolic acid type	Monosaccharides	Ginseng peptide	Terpenoid	Trace element
Ginsenoside Rb1	Ginsenoside Rg1	Ginsenoside Ro	Oligosaccharide	-	Alcohols	Vitamins
Ginsenoside Rb2	Ginsenoside Rg2	-	Polysaccharide	-	Ketone	-
Ginsenoside Rb3	Ginsenoside Re	-	-	-	Aldehyde	-
Ginsenoside Rg5	Ginsenoside Rh1	-	-	-	Phenolic	-
Ginsenoside Rd	Ginsenoside Rf	-	-	-	Heterocyclic	-
Ginsenoside Rg3	-	-	-	-	Alkane	-
Ginsenoside CK	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ginsenoside Rh2	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ginsenoside Rh3	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ginsenoside Rk1	-	-	-	-	-	-

Ginsenoside			Polysaccharide	Amino acids	Volatility oil	Other
Protopanaxadiol	Protopanaxatriol	Oleanolic acid type	Monosaccharides	Ginseng peptide	Terpenoid	Trace element
Ginsenoside Rb1	Ginsenoside Rg1	Ginsenoside Ro	Oligosaccharide	-	Alcohols	Vitamins
Ginsenoside Rb2	Ginsenoside Rg2	-	Polysaccharide	-	Ketone	-
Ginsenoside Rb3	Ginsenoside Re	-	-	-	Aldehyde	-
Ginsenoside Rg5	Ginsenoside Rh1	-	-	-	Phenolic	-
Ginsenoside Rd	Ginsenoside Rf	-	-	-	Heterocyclic	-
Ginsenoside Rg3	-	-	-	-	Alkane	-
Ginsenoside CK	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ginsenoside Rh2	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ginsenoside Rh3	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ginsenoside Rk1	-	-	-	-	-	-

Research Progress on the Immunomodulatory Mechanism of Ginseng Active Ingredients and Its Application in the Treatment of Diseases

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