Applications of Rare Earth-Based Nanoparticles in Brain Tumors

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230308

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 309-327.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230308

• Rare Earth •

Applications of Rare Earth-Based Nanoparticles in Brain Tumors

Na YIN¹, Ying-Hui WANG¹(), Hong-Jie ZHANG¹^,²()

^1.State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization，Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Changchun 130022，China
^2.Department of Chemistry，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China

Received:2023-10-08 Accepted:2024-01-09 Published:2024-03-01 Online:2024-04-09
Contact: Ying-Hui WANG,Hong-Jie ZHANG
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52022094)

Abstract

Abstract:

Brain tumors are among the most fatal and devastating diseases， and the lack of effective diagnosis and treatment methods leads to poor prognosis， recurrence-prone， and low patient survival. So far， many researchers have dedicated to develop noninvasive high-resolution imaging to obtain anatomical structures and information about brain tumors， to achieve precise early diagnosis， and to develop novel and efficient therapeutic methods， as well as all-in-one theranostic nanoplatform. Rare earth-based nanoparticles （RENPs） have been widely used in the fields of disease diagnosis， drug delivery， tumor therapy， and bio-imaging， etc. RENPs with unique optical， magnetic properties and high X-ray absorption can be applied for high-resolution imaging of brain tumors by fluorescence imaging， magnetic resonance imaging， and computed tomography imaging. The emission spectrum of RENPs is characterized by low absorption， low photon scattering， and low autofluorescence interference， especially in the NIR-Ⅱ band （Second near-infrared， 1000~1700 nm）， which has deep tissue penetration and is suitable as exogenous stimulation for light-responsive therapy. Importantly， RENPs also exhibit low toxicity， biocompatibility， and facile surface functionalization for binding to biomolecules such as antibodies， peptides， and drugs to enhance the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier， which favors targeting therapy and high-contrast imaging. Therefore， this review focuses on the design strategies and applications of rare earth-based materials in the field of brain tumor imaging and therapy， and finally discusses the challenges of RENPs in tumor diagnosis and treatment and provides an outlook on their future development.

Key words: Rare earth-based nanoparticles, Lanthanide metal doping, Brain tumors, Bioimaging, Tumor therapy, All-in-one theranostic nanoplatform

CLC Number:

O611

Na YIN, Ying-Hui WANG, Hong-Jie ZHANG. Applications of Rare Earth-Based Nanoparticles in Brain Tumors[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2024, 41(3): 309-327.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Simplified energy state diagrams， typical adsorption and emission wavelength of trivalent lathanide ions （Yb3+， Er3+， Tm3+， Nd3+， Ho3+， Pr3+ and Sm3+）

Fig.2 （a） Schematic illustration for synthesis of the Fe3O4/Gd2O3 hybrid nanoparticles and the results for T1-weighted imaging effect［36］；（b） Schematic illustration for cell-penetrating NaGdF4-TAT/FITC and non-cell-penetrating NaGdF4-FITC labeling of adoptive T cell and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging effects of both on adoptive T cell in orthotopic glioma［39］

Fig.3 （a） Schematic illustration of NIR-Ⅱb EDBM-8.4 nanoprobes for targeted imaging of M2-type TAMs both in vitro and in orthotopic GBM. And T2-weighted MRI and NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging of orthotopic GBM-bearing mice post intravenous injection of EDB-8.4 NPs and EDBM-8.4 NPs， with or without FUS［45］；（b） Schematic illustration of the preparation processes of brain tumor cell membrane-coated RENPs and its application in brain tumor imaging and surgical navigation. and the results in vivo fluorescence imaging and surgery of mice［46］

Fig.4 （a） Schematic illustration of the design of the NaNdF4@NaLuF4/IR-808@DSPE-PEG5000 RENPs and their applications in NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging of orthotopic glioblastoma under ultrasound-mediated BBB opening and in vivo fluorescence imaging of orthotopic glioblastomas at 1340 nm emission under ultrasound［52］；（b） Schematic diagram of the construction of YHM and main mechanism of multimodal bioimaging and therapy， and its NIR-Ⅱ imaging in vascular and orthotopic gliomas［53］

Fig.5 （a） In vivo T1-weighted MRI in glioblastoma-bearing mice before and at various time points after the intravenous injections of ANG/PEG-UCNPs， and ex vivo fluorescent images of glioblastoma-bearing brain［63］?；（b） Schematic illustration of biofunctionalization of multilayer nanoparticles （LnNP@DSPE-PEG-DBCO） for dual-modal tumor imaging， and the results of T1-weighted MRI images and NIR-Ⅱb fluorescence imaging in glioblastoma-bearing mice at different time points［65］

Fig.6 （a） Gd2O3∶Nd3+-based nanomaterials for MRI imaging as well as NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging of orthotopic gliomas and fluorescence-guided surgical resection［76］；（b） Schematic illustration of the Er-DCNPs-Dye-BP-ANG design， emission mechanism and the application of biomedical imaging and the assessment about NIR-Ⅱb fluorescence imaging to guide surgical resection of orthotopic gliomas［50］

Fig.7 Schematic of the preparation of rare-earth nanoscintillator LaF3∶Ce and its role in radiation therapy enhancement of brain tumors［85］

Fig.8 （a） The structure scheme and energy-transfer mechanisms of the six-petals nanoplates. And NIR-?Ⅱ FL bioimaging guided glioblastoma-bearing mice PDT of six-petals@RB［90］?；（b） The concept of UCNPs implant for wireless NIR-PDT in a mouse GBM model， and the results of microCT scan of UCNPs implant and effectiveness of PDT treatment［24］

Fig.9 （a） Illustration of active BBB penetration and the photothermal/photodynamic therapeutic design of ANG-IMNPs in an orthotopic glioblastoma tumor model， and the assessment of ANG-IMNPs treatment effects［92］?；（b） Illustration of the core-shell NaYF4∶?Yb/Tm@NaYF4∶?Nd@ATD/Dye@DSPE-PEG5000 NPs in the NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging of orthotopic glioblastoma and photo-controlled release of SO2 for therapy， and the assessment of NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging and gas therapy［100］

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Applications of Rare Earth-Based Nanoparticles in Brain Tumors

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