Application of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen and Human Papillomavirus Genotyping in the Diagnosis of Cervical Precancerous Lesions

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250266

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1532-1538.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250266

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Application of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen and Human Papillomavirus Genotyping in the Diagnosis of Cervical Precancerous Lesions

Jing JI(), Yan ZHAO

Taiyuan Central Hospital，Taiyuan 030009，China

Received:2025-07-02 Accepted:2025-09-16 Published:2025-11-01 Online:2025-12-05
Contact: Jing JI
About author:1946784311@qq.com

Abstract

Abstract:

Comparing the serum tumor markers， squamous cell carcinoma antigen （SCC-Ag） levels of cervical cancer patients， precancerous lesions （i.e. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia） patients， and healthy controls during the same period using SPSS software， analyzing the serum SCC-Ag levels and high-risk human papillomavirus （HPV） typing positive rates of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer patients， and analyzing the differences in serum SCC-Ag levels before and after treatment （surgery/radiotherapy/chemotherapy）； Study the correlation between different clinical characteristics and pre-treatment serum SCC-Ag positivity rate in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. The research results showed that there were statistically significant differences in serum SCC-Ag levels and HPV detection rates among the cervical cancer group， precancerous lesion group， and healthy control group before treatment （P＜0.05）. After treatment such as surgery or chemotherapy， SCC-Ag levels significantly decreased （P＜0.05）； According to univariate analysis， there were significant differences （all P＜0.05） in age （physiological menopausal age≥45 years）， FIGO （International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology） stage， pelvic lymph node metastasis， para aortic lymph node metastasis， infiltration depth， and serum SCC-Ag positivity rate； Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factor of serum ρ（SCC-Ag）＞2.70 ng/mL before treatment in cervical cancer patients was correlated with pelvic lymph node metastasis （OR=7.130）， para aortic lymph node metastasis （OR=7.130）， and depth of invasion （OR=63.250）. The detection of serum SCC-Ag and HPV typing has clinical value for the early diagnosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma， and serum SCC-Ag is of great significance for monitoring therapeutic efficacy and predicting prognosis. The detection of HPV typing is beneficial for improving the accuracy of diagnosis and providing reliable basis for the diagnosis of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.

Key words: Tumor markers, Squamous cell carcinoma associated antigen, Human papillomavirus, Diagnosis of cervical cancer

CLC Number:

O654

Jing JI, Yan ZHAO. Application of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen and Human Papillomavirus Genotyping in the Diagnosis of Cervical Precancerous Lesions[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2025, 42(11): 1532-1538.

Figures/Tables 5

References 16

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Group	Number of cases	ρ（SCC-Ag）/（ng·mL^-1）	Median ρ（SCC-Ag）/（ng·mL^-1）	Positive rate ［n（%）］
Cervical squamous cell carcinoma group	197	12.18±23.70	3.54 （0.5~156.2）	113 （57.3）
Cervical other carcinoma group	75	3.44±10.77	1.21 （0.45~91.1）	18 （24）
Cervical precancerous lesion group	134	1.25±1.19	0.96 （0.42~12.22）	7 （5.2）
Healthy control group	201	1.07±0.41	0.99 （0.5~2.55）	0 （0）

Group	Number of cases	ρ（SCC-Ag）/（ng·mL^-1）	Median ρ（SCC-Ag）/（ng·mL^-1）	Positive rate ［n（%）］
Cervical squamous cell carcinoma group	197	12.18±23.70	3.54 （0.5~156.2）	113 （57.3）
Cervical other carcinoma group	75	3.44±10.77	1.21 （0.45~91.1）	18 （24）
Cervical precancerous lesion group	134	1.25±1.19	0.96 （0.42~12.22）	7 （5.2）
Healthy control group	201	1.07±0.41	0.99 （0.5~2.55）	0 （0）

Group	Number of cases	Pre-treatment SCC-Ag/（ng·mL^-1）	Pre-treatment positive rate ［n（%）］	Post-treatment SCC-Ag/（ng·mL^-1）	Post-treatment positive rate ［n（%）］
Cervical cancer surgery group
Squamous cell carcinoma subgroup	90	8.64±18.30	44 （48.9）	1.33±2.72	2 （2.2）
Other carcinoma subgroup	37	4.98±15.14	9 （24.3）	0.96±0.53	1 （2.7）
Cervical cancer chemotherapy group
Squamous cell carcinoma subgroup	64	17.85±31.42	47 （73.4）	4.15±10.60	12 （18.8）
Other carcinoma subgroup	22	2.24±2.57	6 （27.2）	1.12±0.73	2 （9.1）
Cervical precancerous lesion group	35	1.60±2.07	4 （0.11）	1.17±0.53	2 （0.05）

Group	Number of cases	Pre-treatment SCC-Ag/（ng·mL^-1）	Pre-treatment positive rate ［n（%）］	Post-treatment SCC-Ag/（ng·mL^-1）	Post-treatment positive rate ［n（%）］
Cervical cancer surgery group
Squamous cell carcinoma subgroup	90	8.64±18.30	44 （48.9）	1.33±2.72	2 （2.2）
Other carcinoma subgroup	37	4.98±15.14	9 （24.3）	0.96±0.53	1 （2.7）
Cervical cancer chemotherapy group
Squamous cell carcinoma subgroup	64	17.85±31.42	47 （73.4）	4.15±10.60	12 （18.8）
Other carcinoma subgroup	22	2.24±2.57	6 （27.2）	1.12±0.73	2 （9.1）
Cervical precancerous lesion group	35	1.60±2.07	4 （0.11）	1.17±0.53	2 （0.05）

Group Sd	Number of cases	HPV detection			SCC-Ag detection	Combined SCC-Ag and HPV detection
Group Sd	Number of cases	Negative	Low-to-medium risk type	High-risk type	SCC-Ag detection	Combined SCC-Ag and HPV detection
Cervical cancer group
Squamous cell carcinoma subgroup	103	5（4.8）	2（2.0）	96（93.2）	52（50.5）	98（95.1）
Other carcinoma subgroup	37	9（24）	0（0）	28（76）	7（18.9）	30（81.1）
Total	140	14（10）	2（1.4）	124（88.6）	59（42.1）	128（91.4）
Cervical precancerous lesion group
Low-grade （Grade Ⅰ） Subgroup	33	1（3.0）	4（12.1）	28（84.9）	0（0）	32（96.9）
High-grade （Grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ） Subgroup	134	4（3.0）	4（3.0）	125（96.0）	7（5.2）	130（97.0）
Total	167	5（3.0）	8（4.8）	153（91.6）	7（4.2）	162（97.1）

Application of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen and Human Papillomavirus Genotyping in the Diagnosis of Cervical Precancerous Lesions

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Clinicopathological characteristic	Total number of cases	Pre-treatment SCC-Ag positive		X²	P
Clinicopathological characteristic	Total number of cases	Number of cases	Percentage/%	X²	P
Age （years）
＜45	27	9	33.3	3.170	0.075
≥45	79	42	53.2	3.170	0.075
FIGO stage
Stage IA	4	1	25	20.311	0.000
Stage IB	48	15	31.3
Stage IIA	22	10	45.5
Stage IIB	2	1	50
Stage IIIC	29	24	82.7
Differentiation degree
Well-differentiated	2	1	50	0.562	0.755
Moderately differentiated	65	32	49.2
Poorly differentiated	39	17	42.5
Lymphovascular embolism
Positive	64	31	48.4	0.104	0.747
Negative	42	19	45.2	0.104	0.747
Pelvic lymph node metastasis
Positive	26	21	80.8	14.716	0.000
Negative	80	30	37.5	14.716	0.000
Para-aortic lymph node metastasis
Positive	12	12	100	15.156	0.000
Negative	94	38	40.4	15.156	0.000
Infiltration depth
Full thickness of cervix involved	25	19	76	12.927	0.002
1/3 Thickness of cervix involved	67	28	41.8
Gland involvement	14	1	7.1

Clinicopathological characteristic	β	Standard error	Wald	OR	95%CI	P value
Age	0.418	0.572	0.533	0.659	0.215~2.0211	0.465
FIGO stage	0.898	0.579	2.404	2.455	0.789~7.637	0.121
Pelvic lymph node metastasis	1.964	0.424	21.426	7.130	3.104~16.380	0.000
Para-aortic lymph node metastasis	1.881	0.675	7.761	6.560	1.747~24.638	0.005
Infiltration depth	4.147	1.102	14.168	63.250	7.298~548.154	0.000

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