Bio⁃inspired Hydrogels： Synthesis， Bionic Design and Applications in the Field of Energy Storage and Conversion

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210488

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 35-54.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210488

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Bio⁃inspired Hydrogels： Synthesis， Bionic Design and Applications in the Field of Energy Storage and Conversion

LIU Xu¹,LI Yang-Ke-Xin¹,DU Li¹,YU Jian²,WANG Jia-Cheng¹,GENG Yang¹,HAN Guang²,SUN Kuan¹,LI Meng¹()

^1.CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory，MOE Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems，School of Energy & Power Engineering，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044，China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044，China

Received:2021-09-30 Accepted:2021-11-04 Published:2022-01-01 Online:2022-01-10
Contact: Meng LI
About author:limeng@cqu.edu.cn
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51702032);the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2018jcyjAX0375)

Abstract

Abstract:

Energy and environmental issues are one of the greatest challenges in the 21st. Utilizing and storing energy helps alleviate a series of severe environment pollution problems， thus， becoming a hotpot of research. Methods of using cleaning energy， such as electrochemical energy storage， photocatalysis， interfacial solar evaporation and fog collection， have been considered as an environment-friendly way to solve issues above. In recent years， learning from nature has been an efficient way to acquire inspiration. Natural creatures， characteristics in organisms， structure of bio-system， these natural designs all show fabulous mysteries. In this review， we emphasis applications of hydrogel in the field of energy conversion and storage. Firstly， we briefly introduce the characteristics， classification， synthesis and other relevant information of hydrogel. Furthermore， we also give a brief introduction of the advanced technology and corresponding requirements in the field of energy， such as electrochemical energy storage， photocatalysis， solar evaporation and so on. Electrochemical energy storage requires enough reactive active sites to ensure efficient energy conversion and hydrogels can provide more reaction sites because of larger surface area. Besides， the good flexibility and mechanical properties of hydrogels are more adaptable to be used in more situations. The technologies of photocatalysis and photothermal evaporation are all required efficient solar absorption performance. The methods that heat localization and water states adjustment can improve the performance of solar evaporation efficiently. Hydrogels are porous， which can enhance the multiple reflection in the micro-channels， thereby enhancing the absorption of light. Selecting proper functional group of polymers can adjust the state of water， so the polymer chain of hydrogel has a certain impact on the state of water. Regulating the state of water can help reduce the evaporation enthalpy of water， which can improve the performance of photothermal evaporation. By learning from nature， hydrogel has gone through three processes from simple use of biomass components to structural bionics to the current bio-inspired bionics. This review provides new ideas for follow-up research by giving specific examples of bionic hydrogel applications in the energy and environment fields. Finally， we give a simple summary and concise outlook about the development of bio-inspired hydrogels.

Key words: Hydrogels, Bio-inspired materials, Electrochemical energy storage, Energy conversion, Solar evaporation, Water harvesting

CLC Number:

O621

LIU Xu, LI Yang-Ke-Xin, DU Li, YU Jian, WANG Jia-Cheng, GENG Yang, HAN Guang, SUN Kuan, LI Meng. Bio⁃inspired Hydrogels： Synthesis， Bionic Design and Applications in the Field of Energy Storage and Conversion[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2022, 39(1): 35-54.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Applications of hydrogels ：（a） Conduction mechanism in hydrogels［17］；（b） Characterization of hydrogel-derived framework［17］；（c - d） Tuning water states in the network of hydrogel［25］

Fig.2 Some bio-inspired work：（a） Enhanced solar evaporation inspired by fractal structure［26］；（b） Self-propelled hydrogel inspired by water striders［28］；（c） Improvement mechanism of light adsorption inspired by butterfly wings［30］

Fig.3 Cross-linking of hydrogels［48］（a - d） Physical cross-linking；（e） Chemical cross-linking

Fig.4 Correlated work of bio-inspired hydrogels：（a） DNA sequence-directed shape change of hydrogels［57］；（b） Self-assembly phenomenon in synthesis of hydrogels［63］；（c） Mussel-inspired functional hydrogel［64］；（d） Mimosa-inspired hydrogel actuator［60］

Fig.5 Applications of bio-inspired hydrogels in batteries：（a） A chlorophyll-a/polyacrylamide hydrogel for biomimetic solar cells［80］；（b） Biomass-derived hydrogel for supercapacitors［81］；（c） Skin-inspired tough hydrogel electrolyte［9］；（d） Wood-Inspired Morphologically Tunable Aligned Hydrogel for Supercapacitors［82］

Fig.6 （a - b） H2O2 generation of the bionic sunflower［35］；（c） The photodegradation of seagrass-inspired hydrogel［91］；（d - f） The HER performance of the bio-inspired hydrogel［92］

Fig.7 Designs of bio-inspired for water collection and solar evaporation：（a - b）Pufferfish-inspired hydrogels for water purification［99］；（c - d）Tree-inspired hydrogels for solar evaporation ［100］；（e） The synthesis routine and morphology of the micro-tree hydrogel［101］

Fig.8 （a，b） The morphology of tree-inspired hydrogels［100］；（c，d） The morphology of cactus spine-inspired hydrogels［101］

Fig.9 （a，b） The evaporation performance of TIH［100］；（c，d） The purification performance of the pufferfish-inspired hydrogels［99］；（e，f） The water collection performance of the micro-tree hydrogels［101］

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Bio⁃inspired Hydrogels： Synthesis， Bionic Design and Applications in the Field of Energy Storage and Conversion

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