Abstract:

Silica aerogel has attracted extensive attention due to its unique three-dimensional network structure， excellent thermal insulation performance， low density and other advantages. However， its poor mechanical properties， fragility， and the problems of complex traditional preparation process， long cycle and high cost limit its large-scale application. In this study， glass fiber-reinforced silica aerogel composite mats were prepared by sol-gel method and atmospheric pressure drying process using cheap sodium silicate as the silicon source and glass fiber as the reinforcing material. The effects of aging time， deionized water dosage and soaking time， trimethylchlorosilane dosage and modification time on the properties of glass fiber reinforced silica aerogel composites were discussed.Under the conditions of an aging time of 10 h， a dosage of 200 mL deionized water， a soaking time of （24+12） h， a dosage of 18 mL trimethylchlorosilane （TMCS）， and a modification time of 60 h， the specific surface area of the prepared silica aerogel mat was 776.38 m²/g， the density was 0.228 g/cm³， the thermal conductivity was 0.0218 W/（m·K）， the compressive strength was 2.4 MPa， and the tensile strength was 0.5 MPa. The material also exhibits excellent high-temperature stability and hydrophobicity， with a water contact angle of 141.5（°）， providing new practical insights for its industrial application in thermal insulation.

Key words: SiO₂ aerogel mat, Fiberglass, Thermal insulation, Sol-gel method, Atmospheric pressure drying