Research Progress on Anodic Titanium‑Based Gas Diffusion Layer in Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230262

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 365-376.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230262

• Review • Previous Articles

Research Progress on Anodic Titanium‑Based Gas Diffusion Layer in Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell

Ting-Ting GU¹, Ke ZHANG¹, Xin-Zhou ZHANG¹, Yang LIU¹, Wei-Cai SUN¹, Ai-Dong TAN², Jian-Guo LIU²()

^1.（China Titanium Guochuang （Qingdao） Technology Co. ，Ltd. ，Qingdao 266111，China ）
^2.North China Electric Power University，Beijing 100054，China

Received:2023-08-30 Accepted:2023-12-08 Published:2024-03-01 Online:2024-04-09
Contact: Jian-Guo LIU
About author:jianguoliu@ncepu.edu.cn
Supported by:
the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB4000100)

Abstract

Abstract:

In the proton exchange membrane （PEM） electrolysis cell， the gas diffusion layers play an important role in supporting the membrane components， supplying water for the reaction， removing gas bubbles from catalyst layers， and decreasing the electronic resistance. The anode at the PEM electrolysis cell works in an acidic， oxygen-rich， and high-potential environment. Therefore， a cell with excellent electrochemical performance requires a gas diffusion layer with a suitable structure and high corrosion resistance. This review categorizes the anodic titanium-based gas diffusion layers used in the PEM electrolysis cell， and briefly describes the way their structural characteristics affect the electrochemical performance of the cell. In addition， this review discusses how various coating materials improve the electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance of the gas diffusion layer and the performance of the oxygen evolution reaction in the cell. Finally， a perspective on future high-performance cells with low-cost gas diffusion layers is proposed.

Key words: Proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell, Anode gas diffusion layers, Structural characteristics, Coating materials

CLC Number:

O646

Ting-Ting GU, Ke ZHANG, Xin-Zhou ZHANG, Yang LIU, Wei-Cai SUN, Ai-Dong TAN, Jian-Guo LIU. Research Progress on Anodic Titanium‑Based Gas Diffusion Layer in Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2024, 41(3): 365-376.

Figures/Tables 8

References 55

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Type	Raw material	Raw material diameter/μm	Porosity ratio/%	Pore diameter/μm	Thickness/μm	Ref.
Titanium powder sintered felt	Ordinary titanium powder	/	10~33	/	253~526	［19］
		75~100	35~40	11~25	1 200~1 400	［31］
		380~520	/	100	1 000	［31］
		100~200	34.3	16	1 300	［32］
		330~780	32.7	60	1 200	［32］
		20	50~70	10~35	200/300	［37］
	Hydrogenated dehydrogenation titanium powder	/	10~55	/	246~515	［19］
		/	54	/	513	［21］
		40	28	8	800	［31］
Titanium fiber sintered felt	Titanium fiber	/	53	/	1 000	［21］
		20	75	50	300	［29］
		80	75	180	300
		20	50	28	300
		/	75	/	300	［30］
		20	50	12.7	350/500/1 000	［36］
Porous titanium foil	Titanium foil	/	/	1~25	50.8	［3］

Type	Raw material	Raw material diameter/μm	Porosity ratio/%	Pore diameter/μm	Thickness/μm	Ref.
Titanium powder sintered felt	Ordinary titanium powder	/	10~33	/	253~526	［19］
		75~100	35~40	11~25	1 200~1 400	［31］
		380~520	/	100	1 000	［31］
		100~200	34.3	16	1 300	［32］
		330~780	32.7	60	1 200	［32］
		20	50~70	10~35	200/300	［37］
	Hydrogenated dehydrogenation titanium powder	/	10~55	/	246~515	［19］
		/	54	/	513	［21］
		40	28	8	800	［31］
Titanium fiber sintered felt	Titanium fiber	/	53	/	1 000	［21］
		20	75	50	300	［29］
		80	75	180	300
		20	50	28	300
		/	75	/	300	［30］
		20	50	12.7	350/500/1 000	［36］
Porous titanium foil	Titanium foil	/	/	1~25	50.8	［3］

Coating	Contact resistance	Load capacity	Electrolytic performance	Stability	Ref.
IrO₂	/	1.0 mg/cm²	0.36 A/cm²@1.60 V	53 h@1.52 A/cm²	［55］
IrO₂	/	0.60 mg/cm²	2.72 A/cm²@2.0 V	/	［46］
Ir	11.5 mΩ·cm²@0.5 MPa	0.10 mg/cm²	2.0 A/ cm²@1.86 V	/	［42］
	4.0 mΩ·cm²@3 MPa	0.10 mg/cm²	2.38 A/cm²@1.90 V	4 000 h@2.0 V	［43］
	3.1 mΩ·cm²@3 MPa	0.025 mg/cm²	1.0 A/cm²@1.70 V	/	［47］
Pt	6.0 mΩ·cm²@3 MPa	0.16 mg/cm²	2.4 A/cm²@1.90 V	4 000 h@2.0 V	［43］
Pt	/	200 nm （thickness）	2.82 A/cm²@2.0 V	1 100 h@2.0 A/cm²	［50］
Au	2.0 mΩ·cm²@3 MPa	0.18 mg/cm²	2.35 A/cm²@1.90 V	2 000 h@2.0 V	［43］
Au	/	180 nm （thickness）	2.0 A/cm² @1.63 V	100 h@0.2 A/cm²	［22］
Ir_0.7Ru_0.3O₂	6.5 mΩ·cm²@2 MPa	1.0 mg/cm²	1.84 V@2.0 A/cm²	/	［51］
IrO₂?RuO₂?TaO _x	/	1.0 mg （Ir+Ru）/cm²	1.84 V@2.0 A/cm²	/	［52］
STN?RuTi	/	STN （thickness）99 nm	/	225 h@0.10A/cm²	［53］
NbN_500_60	/	1.0 μm （thickness）	/	/	［54］

Coating	Contact resistance	Load capacity	Electrolytic performance	Stability	Ref.
IrO₂	/	1.0 mg/cm²	0.36 A/cm²@1.60 V	53 h@1.52 A/cm²	［55］
IrO₂	/	0.60 mg/cm²	2.72 A/cm²@2.0 V	/	［46］
Ir	11.5 mΩ·cm²@0.5 MPa	0.10 mg/cm²	2.0 A/ cm²@1.86 V	/	［42］
	4.0 mΩ·cm²@3 MPa	0.10 mg/cm²	2.38 A/cm²@1.90 V	4 000 h@2.0 V	［43］
	3.1 mΩ·cm²@3 MPa	0.025 mg/cm²	1.0 A/cm²@1.70 V	/	［47］
Pt	6.0 mΩ·cm²@3 MPa	0.16 mg/cm²	2.4 A/cm²@1.90 V	4 000 h@2.0 V	［43］
Pt	/	200 nm （thickness）	2.82 A/cm²@2.0 V	1 100 h@2.0 A/cm²	［50］
Au	2.0 mΩ·cm²@3 MPa	0.18 mg/cm²	2.35 A/cm²@1.90 V	2 000 h@2.0 V	［43］
Au	/	180 nm （thickness）	2.0 A/cm² @1.63 V	100 h@0.2 A/cm²	［22］
Ir_0.7Ru_0.3O₂	6.5 mΩ·cm²@2 MPa	1.0 mg/cm²	1.84 V@2.0 A/cm²	/	［51］
IrO₂?RuO₂?TaO _x	/	1.0 mg （Ir+Ru）/cm²	1.84 V@2.0 A/cm²	/	［52］
STN?RuTi	/	STN （thickness）99 nm	/	225 h@0.10A/cm²	［53］
NbN_500_60	/	1.0 μm （thickness）	/	/	［54］

Coating material	Electrical conductivity	Corrosion resistance	OER catalytic performance
Ir/IrO₂	++	+++	+++
Pt	++	+++	+
Au	+++	+	-
RuO₂	-	-	+++
Other metallic materials	+	+	-

Research Progress on Anodic Titanium‑Based Gas Diffusion Layer in Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell

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