应用化学 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 707-722.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210133
董国华, 郝丽娟(), 张文治(), 柴东凤, 赵明, 郎坤
收稿日期:
2021-03-22
接受日期:
2021-07-07
出版日期:
2022-05-01
发布日期:
2022-05-24
通讯作者:
郝丽娟,张文治
基金资助:
Guo-Hua DONG, Li-Juan HAO(), Wen-Zhi ZHANG(), Dong-Feng CHAI, Ming ZHAO, Kun LANG
Received:
2021-03-22
Accepted:
2021-07-07
Published:
2022-05-01
Online:
2022-05-24
Contact:
Li-Juan HAO,Wen-Zhi ZHANG
About author:
zhangwenzhi@qqhru.edu.cnSupported by:
摘要:
碳量子点(CQDs)是一类粒径较小,光学性能显著,且电荷传输性能优异的类半导体纳米材料,在钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能调控和改善中得到广泛的应用。从CQDs纳米材料的合成、性能及应用出发,综述了CQDs纳米材料在钙钛矿太阳能光电器件中电子传输层、钙钛矿光吸收层和空穴传输层等方面的应用进展,并展望了该类材料调控钙钛矿太阳能器件性能的发展趋势。
中图分类号:
董国华, 郝丽娟, 张文治, 柴东凤, 赵明, 郎坤. 碳量子点纳米材料在铅卤钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用研究进展[J]. 应用化学, 2022, 39(5): 707-722.
Guo-Hua DONG, Li-Juan HAO, Wen-Zhi ZHANG, Dong-Feng CHAI, Ming ZHAO, Kun LANG. Recent Progress on the Application of Carbon Quantum Dots Nano⁃materials in Lead Halogen Perovskite Solar Photoelectric Devices[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2022, 39(5): 707-722.
图2 (A)使用莲花粉作为原料通过水热技术形成S-CQDs、N-CQDs和CQDs的过程; (B)透射电子显微镜图像和CQDs的尺寸分布;(C)CQDs的HRTEM和SAED图像[63]
Fig.2 (A) Formation processes of S-CQDs, N-CQDs and CQDs using lotus powders as raw materials via a hydrothermal technique; (B) TEM image and size distribution of the CQDs; (C) HRTEM and SAED images of the CQDs[63]
性质 Properties | 领域 Field | 应用实例 Application examples |
---|---|---|
光学特性 Optical properties | 化学传感器Chemical sensors | 气体和离子检测 Detection of gases and ions[ |
生物相容性 Biocompatibility | 生物传感器Biosensor | 荧光标记 Fluorescent labeling [ |
水溶性,负载性能,无毒 Water soluble, loading performance, non?toxic | 生物成像Bioimaging | 目标识别 Target recognition[ |
绿色环保,催化效率高 Green environmental protection, high catalytic efficiency | 催化作用Catalysis | 催化与降解 Catalysis and degradation[ |
表1 碳量子点的性质及应用
Table 1 Properties and applications of carbon quantum dots
性质 Properties | 领域 Field | 应用实例 Application examples |
---|---|---|
光学特性 Optical properties | 化学传感器Chemical sensors | 气体和离子检测 Detection of gases and ions[ |
生物相容性 Biocompatibility | 生物传感器Biosensor | 荧光标记 Fluorescent labeling [ |
水溶性,负载性能,无毒 Water soluble, loading performance, non?toxic | 生物成像Bioimaging | 目标识别 Target recognition[ |
绿色环保,催化效率高 Green environmental protection, high catalytic efficiency | 催化作用Catalysis | 催化与降解 Catalysis and degradation[ |
图3 (A) 在80 ℃、 (B) 100 ℃和 (C) 120 ℃下合成的GQD的TEM图像(插图:对应的HR-TEM图像);(D) 钙钛矿型太阳能电池平面结构示意图; (E) 电池能级结构示意图; (F) 钙钛矿型太阳能电池截面SEM图片 [95]
Fig.3 TEM image of GQDs synthesized at (A) 80 ℃, (B) 100 ℃ and (C) 120 ℃ (inset: the corresponding HR-TEM image); (D) A schematic representation of the prepared planar structure of the perovskite solar cells; (E) An energy diagram of the materials used in this work; (F) A cross-sectional SEM image of the GQD-based planar perovskite solar cells [95]
图4 (A) CQDs-MAPbBr3的合成工艺; (B) CQDs-MAPbBr3的制备工艺示意图CQDs-MAPbBr3@SiO2; (C) CQDs-MAPbBr3和CQDs-MAPbBr3@SiO2在空气和湿度条件下的比较; (D)纯SiO2和(E)CQDs-MAPbBr3@SiO2的TEM图像[110]
Fig.4 Schematic illustration of (A) synthesis process of CQDs-MAPbBr3,(B) preparation process of CQDs-MAPbBr3@SiO2; and (C) comparison of CQDs-MAPbBr3 and proposed CQDs-MAPbBr3@SiO2 under air and moisture conditions; TEM images of (D) pure SiO2 (E) CQDs-MAPbBr3@SiO2[110]
图5 装置描述(A)以及设备架构FTO/d-TiO2/mp-TiO2/MAPI/HTM/Au中使用的材料的能级(B),其中HTM是CQDs或spiro-OMeTAD (C)有无HTM的MAPI器件的电流-电压特性[113]
Fig.5 Depiction of the device (A) and energy levels of the materials employed (B) with the device architecture FTO/d-TiO2/mp-TiO2/MAPI/HTM/Au, where HTM is either CQDs or spiro-OMeTAD (C) Current density-voltage charac-teristics of the MAPI devices with and without the HTMs studied in this work. The measurements have been performed in reverse scan (from higher to lower voltages)[113]
序号 Num | 碳纳米材料 Nano carbon materials | 结构 Structure | 种类 Species | 光电转换效率 Photoelectric conversion efficiency/% | 文献 Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | GQDs | FTO/GQDs/TiO2/Perovskite/Spiro?OMeTAD/Au | 平面 Plane | 19.11 | [ |
2 | CDs | FTO/c?TiO2/m?TiO2/ CDS/Perovskite/Spiro?OMeTAD/Au | 介孔Mesoporous | 16.4 | [ |
3 | CQDs | FTO/m?TiO2/LPP layer/Redox electrolyte/Counter electrode | 介孔Mesoporous | 15.1 | [ |
4 | GQDs | ITO/SnO2∶GQDs/Perovskite/Spiro?OMeTAD/Au | 平面 Plane | 20.23 | [ |
5 | GQDs | FTO/TiO2/Perovskite/Spiro?OMeTAD/Au | 平面 Plane | 19.89 | [ |
6 | GQDs | FTO/Perovskite/Carbon | 平面 Plane | 4.1 | [ |
7 | CQDs | FTO/PEDOT∶PSS/Perovskite/PCBM∶CQDs/BCP/Ag | 平面 Plane | 18.1 | [ |
8 | CQDs | ITO/SnO2?RCQs/Perovskite/Spiro/MoO3/Au | 平面 Plane | 22.77 | [ |
9 | g?C3N4 | ITO/G?SnO2/Perovskite/Spiro?OMeTAD/Au | 平面 Plane | 22.13 | [ |
10 | CQDs | FTO/bl?TiO2/TiO2 nanosheets/ZrO2/Perovskite/Carbon electrode | 平面 Plane | 7.62 | [ |
11 | CQDs | FTO/bl?TiO2/Perovskite/ml?TiO2/Spiro?OMeTAD/Ag | 平面 Plane | 15.93 | [ |
12 | CQDs | FTO/c?TiO2/TiO2/Perovskite/Spiro?OMeTAD/Ag | 平面 Plane | 19.38 | [ |
13 | GQDs | FTO/TiO2 NPs/GQDs/Perovskite/Au | 平面 Plane | - | [ |
14 | CQDs | ITO/PCB61M/Perovskite/NiO x /Ag | 反向 | 18.24 | [ |
15 | CQDs | ITO/PTAA/Perovskite+CQDs/Ti/Cu | 平面 Plane | 19.17 | [ |
16 | g?CNQDs | FTO/SnO2/g?CNQD/Perovskite/Spiro?OMeTAD/Au | 平面 Plane | 21.23 | [ |
17 | CQDs | FTO/d?TiO2/mp?TiO2/Perovskite/HTM/Au | 平面 Plane | 3 | [ |
18 | GQDs | FTO/c?TiO2/Perovskite(GQDs)/Spiro?OMeTAD/Au | 平面 Plane | 18.9 | [ |
19 | E?g?C3N4 | FTO/TiO2/Perovskite(E?g?C3N4)/Spiro?OMeTAD/Au | 平面 Plane | 15.8 | [ |
20 | CQDs | ITO/NiO/Perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Ag | 平面 Plane | 17.02 | [ |
21 | CQDs | FTO/GO/C?dots/Perovskite/PCBM/Ag | 平面 Plane | 16.2 | [ |
表2 碳纳米材料种类及钙钛矿太阳能电池类型
Table 2 Types of carbon nanomaterials and perovskite solar cells
序号 Num | 碳纳米材料 Nano carbon materials | 结构 Structure | 种类 Species | 光电转换效率 Photoelectric conversion efficiency/% | 文献 Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | GQDs | FTO/GQDs/TiO2/Perovskite/Spiro?OMeTAD/Au | 平面 Plane | 19.11 | [ |
2 | CDs | FTO/c?TiO2/m?TiO2/ CDS/Perovskite/Spiro?OMeTAD/Au | 介孔Mesoporous | 16.4 | [ |
3 | CQDs | FTO/m?TiO2/LPP layer/Redox electrolyte/Counter electrode | 介孔Mesoporous | 15.1 | [ |
4 | GQDs | ITO/SnO2∶GQDs/Perovskite/Spiro?OMeTAD/Au | 平面 Plane | 20.23 | [ |
5 | GQDs | FTO/TiO2/Perovskite/Spiro?OMeTAD/Au | 平面 Plane | 19.89 | [ |
6 | GQDs | FTO/Perovskite/Carbon | 平面 Plane | 4.1 | [ |
7 | CQDs | FTO/PEDOT∶PSS/Perovskite/PCBM∶CQDs/BCP/Ag | 平面 Plane | 18.1 | [ |
8 | CQDs | ITO/SnO2?RCQs/Perovskite/Spiro/MoO3/Au | 平面 Plane | 22.77 | [ |
9 | g?C3N4 | ITO/G?SnO2/Perovskite/Spiro?OMeTAD/Au | 平面 Plane | 22.13 | [ |
10 | CQDs | FTO/bl?TiO2/TiO2 nanosheets/ZrO2/Perovskite/Carbon electrode | 平面 Plane | 7.62 | [ |
11 | CQDs | FTO/bl?TiO2/Perovskite/ml?TiO2/Spiro?OMeTAD/Ag | 平面 Plane | 15.93 | [ |
12 | CQDs | FTO/c?TiO2/TiO2/Perovskite/Spiro?OMeTAD/Ag | 平面 Plane | 19.38 | [ |
13 | GQDs | FTO/TiO2 NPs/GQDs/Perovskite/Au | 平面 Plane | - | [ |
14 | CQDs | ITO/PCB61M/Perovskite/NiO x /Ag | 反向 | 18.24 | [ |
15 | CQDs | ITO/PTAA/Perovskite+CQDs/Ti/Cu | 平面 Plane | 19.17 | [ |
16 | g?CNQDs | FTO/SnO2/g?CNQD/Perovskite/Spiro?OMeTAD/Au | 平面 Plane | 21.23 | [ |
17 | CQDs | FTO/d?TiO2/mp?TiO2/Perovskite/HTM/Au | 平面 Plane | 3 | [ |
18 | GQDs | FTO/c?TiO2/Perovskite(GQDs)/Spiro?OMeTAD/Au | 平面 Plane | 18.9 | [ |
19 | E?g?C3N4 | FTO/TiO2/Perovskite(E?g?C3N4)/Spiro?OMeTAD/Au | 平面 Plane | 15.8 | [ |
20 | CQDs | ITO/NiO/Perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Ag | 平面 Plane | 17.02 | [ |
21 | CQDs | FTO/GO/C?dots/Perovskite/PCBM/Ag | 平面 Plane | 16.2 | [ |
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