倒插式配位自组装染料敏化太阳能电池的制备与表征

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.200359

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用金属-配体的自组装形式构建了卧式卟啉(ZnPA)为锚定基团,上层天线卟啉(ZnPw)的倒插式配位自组装形式(ZnPw-ZnPA),将ZnPw-ZnPA有效地敏化在半导体TiO₂电极表面,构建倒插式染料敏化太阳能电池。在标准光照下,与单卧式锚定卟啉(η=0.61%)相比,由ZnPw-ZnPA制备的自组装电池具有较优的转换效率(η=1.08%),其光电转换效率是单锚定卟啉的1.8倍。

关键词: 染料敏化太阳能电池, 卧式锚定卟啉, 锌卟啉, 倒插式, 自组装

Abstract: In this work, a new metal-mediated self-assembly strategy for organizing horizontally anchored porphyrin (ZnPA) and upper antennal porphyrin (ZnPw) on the nanostructured TiO₂ electrode surfaces has been developed by a ZnPw-ZnPA assembly approach. Further, the horizontally anchored porphyrins are adsorbed on the semiconducting TiO₂ electrode surfaces by the carboxylic groups, and the photovoltaic performances in solar cells are measured under an irradiance of 100 mW/cm² AM 1.5G solar simulator. With single anchored porphyrin (ZnPA, η=0.61%) as reference, the assembly device ZnPw-ZnPA had better photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) of 1.08%. Its η is 1.8 times that of single anchored porphyrin.

Key words: Dye-sensitized solar cell, Horizontally anchored porphyrin, Zinc porphyrin, Inverted insertion, Self-assembly

中图分类号:

O614

武彧, 刘家成. 倒插式配位自组装染料敏化太阳能电池的制备与表征[J]. 应用化学, 2021, 38(11): 1494-1502.

WU Yu, LIU Jia-Cheng. Preparation and Characterization of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells by Inverted Coordination Self-assembly[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2021, 38(11): 1494-1502.

参考文献

[1] GRÄTZEL M. Photoelectrochemical cells[J]. Nature, 2001, 414(6861): 338-344.
[2] HAGFELDT A, BOSCHLOO G, SUN L, et al. Dye-sensitized solar cells[J]. Chem Rev, 2010, 110(2): 6595-6663.
[3] YELLA A, LEE H W, TSAO H N, et al. Porphyrin-sensitized solar cells with cobalt (II/III)-based redox electrolyte exceed 12 percent efficiency[J]. Science, 2011, 334(6056): 629-634.
[4] URBANI M, GRÄTZEL M, NAZEERUDDIN M K, et al. Meso-substituted porphyrins for dye-sensitized solar cells[J]. Chem Rev, 2014, 114: 12330-12396.
[5] BRÉDAS J L, NORTON J E, CORNIL J, et al. Molecular understanding of organic solar cells: the challenges[J]. Acc Chem Res, 2009, 42(11): 1691-1699.
[6] O'REGAN B, GRÄTZEL M. A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO₂ films[J]. Nature, 1991, 353(6346): 737-740.
[7] HAGBERG D P, YUM J H, LEE H, et al. Molecular engineering of organic sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cell applications[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2008, 130(19): 6259-6266.
[8] 顾承志, 孟舒献, 冯亚青. 卟啉敏化太阳能电池研究进展[J]. 有机化学, 2015, 35(6): 1229-1237.
GU C Z, MENG S X, FENG Y Q. Progress of porphyrin sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells[J]. Chinese J Org Chem, 2015, 35(6): 1229-1237.
[9] KANG S H, JEONG M J, EOM Y K, et al. Porphyrin sensitizers with donor structural engineering for superior performance dye-sensitized solar cells and tandem solar cells for water splitting applications[J]. Adv Energy Mater, 2017, 7: 1602117.
[10] 吴水星, 张建钊, 苏欣, 等. 染料敏化太阳能电池中额外给体引入对经典D-π-A 型敏化剂性能影响的理论研究[J]. 高等学校化学学报, 2015, 36(10): 2002-2008.
WU S X, ZHANG J Z, SU X, et al. Theoretical investigation on the effect of extra donor on the performance of D-π-A sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cell[J]. Chem J Chinese Univ, 2015, 36(10): 2002-2008.
[11] MATHEW S, YELLA A, GAO P, et al. Dye-sensitized solar cells with 13% efficiency achieved through the molecular engineering of porphyrin sensitizers[J]. Nat Chem, 2014, 6(3): 242-247.
[12] ICHIKI T, MATSUO Y, NAKAMURA E. Photostability of a dyad of magnesium porphyrin and fullerene and its application to photocurrent conversion[J]. Chem Commun, 2013, 49(3): 279-281.
[13] PANDA M K, LADOMENOU K, COUTSOLELOS A G. Porphyrins in bio-inspired transformations: light-harvesting to solar cell[J]. Coord Chem Rev, 2012, 256(21/22): 2601-2627.
[14] 吴春晓, 艾心, 陈英鑫, 等. 卤素原子的引入对二苯甲基自由基光稳定性、光物理性质及电致发光器件性能的影响[J]. 高等学校化学学报,2020, 5(41): 972-980.
WU C X, AI X, CHEN Y X, et al. Effects of introducing halogen atoms to biphenylmethyl radical on photostability, photophysical and electroluminescent properties[J]. Chem J Chinese Univ, 2020, 5(41): 972-980.
[15] CHEN C, YANG X, CHENG M, et al. Degradation of cyanoacrylic acid-based organic sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells[J]. ChemSusChem, 2013, 6(7): 1270-1275.
[16] GOU F L, JIANG X, FANG R, et al. Strategy to improve photovoltaic performance of DSSC sensitized by zinc prophyrin using salicylic acid as a tridentate anchoring group[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2014, 6(9): 6697-6703.
[17] ROCHFORD J, CHU D, HAGFELDT A, et al. Tetrachelate porphyrin chromophores for metal oxide semiconductor sensitization: effect of the spacer length and anchoring group position[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2007, 129(15): 4655-4665.
[18] CHOI M S, YAMAZAKI T, YAMAZAKI I, et al. Bioinspired molecular design of light-harvesting multiporphyrin arrays[J]. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2004, 43(2): 150-158.
[19] 贾海浪, 彭智杰, 李珊珊, 等. 锌卟啉自组装在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用[J]. 无机化学学报, 2019, 12(35): 2337-2345.
JIA H L, PENG Z J, LI S S, et al. Self-assembly with zinc porphyrin antenna for dye-sensitized solar cells[J]. Chinese J Inorg Chem, 2019, 12(35): 2337-2345.
[20] KC C B, STRANIUS K, D'SOUZA P, et al. Sequential photoinduced energy and electron transfer directed improved performance of the supramolecular solar cell of a zinc porphyrin-zinc phthalocyanine conjugate modified TiO₂ surface[J]. J Phys Chem C, 2013, 117(2): 763-773.
[21] WU Y, LIU J C, GUO W B, et al. Three horizontal anchor porphyrins for dye-sensitized solar cells: an optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic investigation[J]. Polyhedron 2016, 117: 155-160.
[22] WU Y, ZHANG J X, FENG X X, et al. A novel self-assembly with horizontal anchor porphyrin for supramolecular solar cells[J]. RSC Adv, 2016, 6(65): 60773-60779.
[23] WANG P, ZAKEERUDDIN S M, COMTE P, et al. Enhance the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells by co-grafting amphiphilic sensitizer and hexadecylmalonic acid on TiO₂ nanocrystals[J]. J Phys Chem B, 2003, 107(51): 14336-14341.
[24] TRACHSEL D. Synthesis of novel (Phenylalkyl) amines for the investigation of structure-activity relationships. Part 1. Mescalin derivatives[J]. Trachsed Helv Chim Acta 2002, 85(9): 3019-3026.
[25] WU Y, GUO W B, ZHANG J X, et al. Two self-assembled supramolecular solar cells sensitized via axial coordination with zinc porphyrin[J]. J Coord Chem, 2016, 69(21): 3148-3157.
[26] KIRA A, UMEYAMA T, MATANO Y, et al. Upramolecular donor-acceptor heterojunctions by vectorial stepwise assembly of porphyrins and coordination-bonded fullerene arrays for photocurrent generation[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2009, 131(41): 3198-3200.
[27] WU Y, LIU J C, CAO J, et al. Two self-assemblies of Schiff base porphyrins to modify titanium dioxide electrodes for supramolecular solar cells[J]. Res Chem Intermed, 2015, 41(9): 6833-6842.
[28] CHANG S, WANG H, HUA Y, et al. Conformational engineering of co-sensitizers to retard back charge transfer for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells[J]. J Mater Chem A, 2013, 1(38): 11553-11558.
[29] SONG X, ZHANG W, LI X, et al. Influence of ethynyl position on benzothiadiazole based D-A-π-A dye-sensitized solar cells: spectral response and photovoltage performance[J]. J Mater Chem C, 2016, 4(39): 9203-9211.
[30] YANG C, YANG Z, GU H, et al. Facet-selective 2D self-assembly of TiO₂ nanoleaves via supramolecular interactions[J]. Chem Mater, 2008, 20(24): 7514-7520.
[31] VERMA S, GHOSH H N. Exciton energy and charge transfer in porphyrin aggregate/semiconductor (TiO₂) composites[J]. J Phys Chem Lett, 2012, 3(14): 1877-1884.
[32] MAITI N C, MAZUMDAR S, PERIASAMY N, et al. H-aggregates of porphyrin-surfactant complexes: time-resolved fluorescence and other spectroscopic studies[J]. J Phys Chem B, 1998, 102(9): 1528-1538.
[33] WANG Q, MOSER J E, GRÄTZEL M. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis of dye-sensitized solar cells[J]. J Phys Chem B, 2005, 109(31): 14945-14953.
[34] BAREA E M, GONZALEZ-PEDRO V, RIPOLL S-SANCHIS T, et al. Porphyrin dyes with high injection and low recombination for highly efficient mesoscopic dye-sensitized solar cells[J]. J Phys Chem C, 2011, 115(21): 10898-10902.