超分子聚集体构筑单元的分子设计及其自组装研究进展

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.200298

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 超分子聚集体因有着丰富的形貌和多样化的功能,并具有良好的可调控性,而备受广大超分子科学家的关注。不同结构的超分子聚集体在新材料开发、药物传输、生物成像和医疗卫生等领域均有着极其重要的研究价值和应用前景。基于在不同领域中超分子聚集体的应用特点,其自组装构筑单元的设计方法也有着诸多的选择,如何高效地设计并制备有价值的超分子体系构筑单元已经成为超分子化学研究的一个重要课题。基于超分子聚集体自组装过程的影响因素,对超分子聚集体构筑单元的主要设计方法和思路进行了总结和分析,为后续不同体系超分子聚集体构筑单元的设计及其自组装过程的相关研究提供重要的参考。

关键词: 自组装, 超分子化学, 超分子聚集体, 超分子聚合物

Abstract: Supramolecular assembling is the process in which the building blocks produce ordered-aggregates via non-covalent interactions. The assembling process involves common self-assembly, isodesmic polymerization, cooperatively supramolecular polymerization, supramolecular block polymerization, seeded supramolecular polymerization, living supramolecular polymerization and chiral supramolecular polymerization. Supramolecular aggregates have good controllability in a variety of environments and very important applications in many fields, such as drug deliveries, discoveries and applications, and bio-imagings. For supramolecular assemblies, there are a variety of molecular design methods for the building blocks. Since the characteristics of the self-assembled polymers is strongly affected by the chemical structure of the building blocks, and the polymers with a specific property can be prepared by the use of a rationally designed building block, highlighting the critical role of the design of the building blocks in the supramolecular chemistry. Moreover, multiple non-covalent interaction factors (hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, hydrophobic interaction, coordinate bond, van der Waals forces, host-guest interaction and so on) have to be considered and introduced into the design of the targeting building blocks. Consequently, one or more groups of —OH, —SH, —NH, conjugated groups, hydrophobic chains, hydrophobic groups, electron donor and acceptors, and the host-guest molecules are often incorporated into the designs. Undoubtedly, the rational designs of the building blocks and investigations of the outcome self-assembling processes play key roles in forming a foundation for further study of the supramolecular chemistry and applications.

Key words: Self-assembly, Supramolecular chemistry, Supramolecular aggregate, Supramolecular polymer

中图分类号:

O631

王后臣, 周利, 刘洋, 陈明月, 石铁生. 超分子聚集体构筑单元的分子设计及其自组装研究进展[J]. 应用化学, 2021, 38(6): 615-621.

WANG Hou-Chen, ZHOU Li, LIU Yang, CHEN Ming-Yue, SHI Tie-Sheng. Research Progress on the Molecular Designs of Building Blocks for Supramolecular Aggregates and Self-Assemblies[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2021, 38(6): 615-621.

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