双功能离子液体[A336][P507]在盐酸和硝酸介质中对Sc(Ⅲ)的萃取

doi:10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2016.03.150305

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用双功能离子液体萃取剂三辛基甲基氯化铵2-乙基己基磷酸2-乙基己基酯盐([A336][P507])在HCl和HNO₃介质中对Sc(Ⅲ)的萃取和分离。研究表明,萃取剂在低酸度条件下,对Sc(Ⅲ)有较好的萃取能力;但是当水相酸度从0.5 mol/L增加到4 mol/L,Sc(Ⅲ)的萃取率有较大程度的下降。并且讨论了在HCl介质和HNO₃介质中,[A336][P507]萃取Sc(Ⅲ)的机理,由于Sc(Ⅲ)的半径最小,而且在萃取过程中存在P=O与P—O的竞争作用,使得其萃合物结构与轻稀土不同。水相中加入盐析剂NaCl或NaNO₃对Sc(Ⅲ)的萃取有一定的促进作用;萃取过程的热力学参数的结果表明,萃取反应是放热反应。还研究了混合稀土中Sc(Ⅲ)和其它稀土离子的分离,在较低酸度的条件下萃取剂[A336][P507]对其它稀土离子的萃取可以忽略不计,因此该萃取体系对Sc(Ⅲ)和其它稀土离子有较好的分离效果,显示了本研究潜在的应用价值。

关键词: [A336][P507], 萃取, Sc(Ⅲ), 盐酸和硝酸介质

Abstract:

Extraction of Sc(Ⅲ) from HNO₃ medium and HCl medium using a bifunctional ionic liquid extractant [A336][P507] was investigated. The results show that the extractability of Sc(Ⅲ) by [A336][P507] is high at low acidity. The extraction efficiency of Sc(Ⅲ) decreases when the aqueous phase acidity increases from 0.5 mol/L to 4 mol/L. The extraction mechanism was investigated. The extracted complex of Sc(Ⅲ) is different from light REs due to the smaller radius of Sc(Ⅲ) and the competitive effect of P—O and P=O. The extraction efficiency of Sc(Ⅲ) is enhanced with the increase concentration of NaCl or NaNO₃ in the aqueous phase. Thermodynamic functions of the extraction reaction demonstrate that the extraction of Sc(Ⅲ) is an exothermic process. Extraction of other rare earth ions at low acidity by the extractant is negligible suggesting that [A336][P507] has potential in industrial applications of Sc(Ⅲ) extraction and separation over other rare earth ions.

Key words: [A336][P507], extraction, Sc(Ⅲ), hydrochloric acid medium and nitric acid medium

中图分类号:

沈璐, 陈继, 邓岳锋. 双功能离子液体[A336][P507]在盐酸和硝酸介质中对Sc(Ⅲ)的萃取[J]. 应用化学, 2016, 33(3): 330-335.

SHEN Lu, CHEN Ji, DENG Yuefeng. Extraction of Sc(Ⅲ) Using a Bifunctional Ionic Liquid [A336][P507][J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2016, 33(3): 330-335.

参考文献

[1]	ZHANG Yuxue. Types of Sc Deposits and Research Prospects[J]. Geol-Geochem,1997,77(60):116-119(in Chinese). 张玉学. 分散元素钪的矿床类型与研究前景[J]. 地质地球化学,1997,77(60):116-119.
[2]	CHI Ru'an,WANG Dianzuo. Rare Earth Dressing and Extraction Technology[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1996:293(in Chinese). 池汝安,王淀佐. 稀土选矿与提取技术[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1996:293.
[3]	XIAO Jinkai. Distribution Characteristics of Industrial Waste Red Mud[J]. Geol-Geochem,1996,(2):82-86(in Chinese). 肖金凯. 工业废渣赤泥中钪的分布特征[J]. 地质地球化学,1996,(2):82-86.
[4]	XIAO Jinkai,LEI Jianquan,XIA Xiang. Some Characteristics of Scandium in Bauxite from Central Guizhou as well as in Red Mud[J]. Acta Miner Sin,1994,14(4):388-393(in Chinese). 肖金凯,雷剑泉,夏祥. 黔中铝土矿及赤泥中钪的某些特征[J]. 矿物学报,1994,14(4):388-393.
[5]	LIAO Chunsheng,Xu Gang,JIA Jiangtao. Recovery and Applicaion of Scandium-A Strategic Resource of New Centry[J]. J Chinese Rare Earth Soc,2001,19(1):289-297(in Chinese). 廖春生,徐刚,贾江涛. 新世纪的战略资源-钪的提取与应用[J]. 中国稀土学报,2001,19(4):289-297.
[6]	WANG Xiquan. The Separation and Enrichment of Sc by P204 Solvent Extraction[J]. Liaoning Chem Ind,1998,27(6):320-322(in Chinese). 王喜全. 用P204作萃取剂分离富集钪[J]. 辽宁化工,1998,27(6):320-322.
[7]	Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Rare Earth Chemical Proceedings[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1982(in Chinese). 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所. 稀土化学论文集[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1982.
[8]	Li D Q,Wang C. Solvent Extraction of Scandium(Ⅲ) by Cyanex 923 and Cyanex 925[J]. Hydrometallurgy,1998,48(3):301-312.
[9]	Whitehead J A,Lawrance G A, McCluskey A. ‘Green’ Leaching: Recyclable and Selective Leaching of Gold-Bearing Ore in An Ionic Liquid[J]. Green Chem,2004,6(7):313-315.
[10]	Nakashima K,Kubota F,Maruyama T,et al.Ionic liquids as a Novel Solvent for Lanthanide Extraction[J]. Anal Sci,2003,19(8):1097-1098.
[11]	Sun X Q,Ji Y,Liu Y,et al.An Engineering-Purpose Preparation Strategy for Ammonium-Type Ionic Liquid with High Purity[J]. AlChE J,2010,56(4):989-996.
[12]	Guo L,Chen J,Shen L,et al.Highly Selective Extraction and Separation of Rare Earths(Ⅲ) Using Bifunctional Ionic Liquid Extractant[J]. ACS Sustain Chem Eng,2014,2(8):1968-1975.
[13]	Zhang D L,Wang W,Deng Y F,et al.Extraction and Recovery of Cerium(Ⅳ) and Fluorine(Ⅰ) from Sulfuric Solutions Using Bifunctional Ionic Liquid Extractants[J]. Chem Eng J,2012,179(1):19-25.
[14]	Wang W,Yang H L,Cui H M,et al.Application of Bifunctional Ionic Liquid Extractants [A336][CA-12] and [A336][CA-100] to the Lanthanum Extraction and Separation from Rare Earths in the Chloride Medium[J]. Ind Eng Chem Res,2011,50(12):7534-7541.
[15]	Sun X Q,Ji Y,Hu F C,et al.The Inner Synergistic Effect of Bifunctional Ionic Liquid Extractant for Solvent Extraction[J]. Talanta,2010,81(4/5):1877-1883.