微流控技术在纳米合成中的应用

doi:10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2016.10.160234

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微流控技术具有微型化、集成化的特点,且所合成产物形貌和单分散性好,已经越来越多的被应用于纳米材料的合成中。本文对微流体技术在纳米材料合成中的应用做了系统的阐述。对微流控芯片中流体流动、混合机理进行了介绍,并详细介绍了微流控芯片的制作工艺,展望了微流体技术在合成纳米材料中应用前景。

关键词: 微流体, 微流控芯片, 纳米材料, 合成

Abstract:

Microfluidic technology has been widely used in nanomaterial synthesis since its outstanding properties such as microminiaturization, integration, and good morphology and mono-dispersion of product. In this review, the application of microfluidic technology in the nano-material synthesis is discussed systematically. The flow-mix mechanism of the fluid in the microchannel and the fabricating process of the microfluidic chip are introduced in detail. Finally, the application prospect of microfluidic synthesis is summarized.

Key words: microfluidic, microfluidic chip, nanomaterials, synthesis

郭梦园,李风华,包宇,马玉芹,牛利. 微流控技术在纳米合成中的应用[J]. 应用化学, 2016, 33(10): 1115-1125.

GUO Mengyuan,LI Fenghua,BAO Yu,MA Yuqin,NIU Li. Application of Microfluidic Technology in Nano-material Synthesis[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2016, 33(10): 1115-1125.

参考文献

[1]	Ligler F S,White H S.Nanomaterials in Analytical Chemistry[J]. Anal Chem,2013,85(23):11161-11162.
[2]	LIN Bingcheng,QIN Jianhua.Graphic Laboratory on a Microfluidic Chip[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2008:2-86(in Chinese). 林炳承,秦建华. 图解微流控芯片实验室[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2008:2-86.
[3]	Manz A,Graber N,Widmer H M.Miniaturized Total Chemical-Analysis Systems-A Novel Concept for Chemical Sensing[J]. Sens Actutators B,1990,1(1-6):244-248.
[4]	Manz A,Harrison D J,Verpoorte E M J,et al. Minialurization of Chemical Analysis System-A Look into Next Century's Technology or Just a Fashionable Craze?[J]. Chim Int J Chem,1991,45(4):103-105.
[5]	Manz A,Harrison D J,Verpoorte E,et al.Planar Chips Technologyfor Miniaturizationof Seperation Syatems-A Developing Perspectivein Chemical Monitoring[J]. Adv Chromatogr,1993,33:1-66.
[6]	Xu Q,Hashimoto M,Dang T T,et al.Preparation of Monodisperse Biodegradable Polymer Microparticles Using a Microfluidic Flow-Focusing Device for Controlled Drug Delivery[J]. Small,2009,5(13):1575-1581.
[7]	Nisisako T,Torii T,Higuchi T.Droplet Formation in a Microchannel Network[J]. Lab Chip,2002,2(1):24-26.
[8]	Zhang L,Feng Q,Wang J,et al.Microfluidic Synthesis of Rigid Nanovesicles for Hydrophilic Reagents Delivery[J]. Angew Chem Int Ed,2015,54(13):3952-3956.
[9]	Duffy D C,Mcdonald J C,Schueller O J A,et al. Rapid Prototyping of Microfluidic Systems in Poly(dimethylsiloxane)[J]. Anal Chem,1998,70(23):4974-4984.
[10]	Vandaveer W R,Pasas S A,Martin R S,et al.Recent Developments in Amperometric Ddetection for Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis[J]. Electrophoresis,2002,23(21):3667-3677.
[11]	Johnson T J,Ross D,Locascio L E.Rapid Microfluidic Mixing[J]. Anal Chem,2002,74(1):45-51.
[12]	Olsen K G,Ross D J,Tarlov M J.Immobilization of DNA Hydrogel Plugs in Microfluidic Channels[J]. Anal Chem,2002,74(6):1436-1441.
[13]	Becker H,Locascio L E.Polymer Microfluidic Devices[J]. Talanta,2002,56(2):267-287.
[14]	Mccreedy T.Fabrication Techniques and Materials Commonly Used for the Production of Microreactors and Micro Total Analytical Systems[J]. TrAC Trends Anal Chem,2000,19(6):396-401.
[15]	Manz A,Miyahara Y,Miura J,et al.Design of an Open-Tubular Column Luquid Chromatograph Using Silicon Chip Technology[J]. Sens Actutators B,1990,1(1-6):249-255.
[16]	Liu B F,Ozaki M,Utsumi Y,et al.Chemiluminescence Detection for a Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis System Fabricated in Poly(dimethylsiloxane)[J]. Anal Chem,2003,75(1):36-41.
[17]	Shin Y S,Cho K,Lim S H,et al.PDMS-Based Micro PCR Chip with Parylene Coating[J]. J Micromech Microeng,2003,13(5):768-774.
[18]	Takayama S,Mcdonald J C,Ostuni E,et al.Patterning Cells and Their Environments Using Multiple Laminar Fluid Flows in Capillary Networks[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1999,96(10):5545-5548.
[19]	Chabinyc M L,Chiu D T,Mcdonald J C,et al.An Integrated Fluorescence Detection System in Poly(dimethylsiloxane) for Microfluidic Applications[J]. Anal Chem,2001,73(18):4491-4498.
[20]	Ren X Q,Bachman M,Sims C,et al.Electroosmotic Properties of Microfluidic Channels Composed of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)[J]. J Chromatogr B,2001,762(2):117-125.
[21]	Fu Q,Ran G J,Xu W L.A Microfluidic-Based Controllable Synthesis of Rolled or Rigid Ultrathin Gold Nanoplates[J]. RSC Adv,2015,5(47):37512-37516.
[22]	Ran G J,Fu Q,Xu W L.Microfluidic-Based Controllable Synthesis of Pt Nanocatalysts Supported on Carbon for Fuel Cells[J]. RSC Adv,2015,5(19):14740-14746.
[23]	Liu J S,Wang L D,Liu C,et al.Hot Embossing Methods For Plastic Microchannel Fabrication[J]. China J Mech Eng,2006,19(2):223-225.
[24]	Gong A,Gu S-S,Wang J,et al.A Peculiar Segmented Flow Microfluidics for Isoquercitrin Biosynthesis Based on Coupling of Reaction and Separation[J]. Bioresour Technol,2015,193:498-506.
[25]	DU Xiaoguang,GUAN Yanxia,WANG Furen,et al.Fabrication of Poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) Microfluidic Chipsby a Simple Hot Embossing Method[J]. Chem J Chinese Univ,2003,11(24):1962-1966(in Chinese). 杜晓光,关艳霞,王福仁,等. 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微流控分析芯片的简易热压制作法[J]. 高等学校化学学报,2003,11(24):1962-1966.
[26]	WANG Xiaodong,LUO Yi,LIU Chong,et al.Process Parameter Determination in Fabrication of Microchannel of Plastic(PMMA) Microfluidic Chips Using Hot-embossing Method[J]. China Mech Eng,2005,16(22):2061-2063(in Chinese). 王晓东,罗怡,刘冲,等. 塑料(PMMA)微流控芯片微通道热压成型工艺参数的确定[J]. 中国机械工程,2005,16(22):2061-2063.
[27]	SONG Mancang,LIU Ying,ZHU Tieli,et al.Injection Molding of Plastic Microfluidic Chip[J]. Nanotechnol Precision Eng,2011,9(4):329-334(in Chinese). 宋满仓,刘莹,祝铁丽,等. 塑料微流控芯片的注塑成型[J]. 纳米技术精密工程,2011,9(4),329-334.
[28]	Mecomber J S,Hurd D,Limbach P A.Enhanced Machining of Micron-Scale Features in Microchip Molding Masters by CNC Milling[J]. Int J Mach Tools Manuf,2005,45(12/13):1542-1550.
[29]	Shu Y,Jiang P,Pang DW,et al.Droplet-Based Microreactor for Synthesis of Water-Soluble Ag2S Quantum Dots[J]. Nanotechnology,2015,26(27):275701-275708.
[30]	Feng Q,Zhang L,Liu C,et al.Microfluidic Based High Throughput Synthesis of Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles with Tunable Diameters[J]. Biomicrofluidics,2015,9(5):05260401-05260410.
[31]	Sia S K,Whitesides G M.Microfluidic Devices Fabricated in Poly(dimethylsiloxane) for Biological Studies[J]. Electrophoresis,2003,24(21):3563-3576.
[32]	Aota A,Mawatari K,Kitamori T.Parallel Multiphase Microflows:Fundamental Physics, Stabilization Methods and Applications[J]. Lab Chip,2009,9(17):2470-2476.
[33]	Tokeshi M,Kikutani Y,Hibara A,et al.Chemical Processing on Microchips for Analysis, Synthesis, and Bioassay[J]. Electrophoresis,2003,24(21):3583-3594.
[34]	Nguyen N T,Lassemono S,Chollet F A,et al.Microfluidic Sensor for Dynamic Surface Tension Measurement[J]. IEE Proc Nanobiotechnol,2006,153(4):102-106.
[35]	Zheng B,Tice J D,Roach L S,et al.A Droplet-Based, Composite PDMS/Glass Capillary Microfluidic System for Evaluating Protein Crystallization Conditions by Microbatch and Vapor-diffusion Methods With On-chip X-ray Diffraction[J]. Angew Chem Int Ed,2004,43(19):2508-2511.
[36]	Stone H A,Leal L G.The Effects of SurfactantsS on Drop Deformation and Breakup[J]. J Fluid Mech,1990,220:161-186.
[37]	Eggleton C D,Tsai T M,Stebe K J.Tip Streaming From a Drop in the Presence of Surfactants[J]. Phys Rev Lett,2001,87(4):04830201-04830204.
[38]	Mengeaud V,Josserand J,Girault H H.Mixing Processes in a Zigzag Microchannel:Finite Element Simulations and Optical Study[J]. Anal Chem,2002,74(16):4279-4286.
[39]	Polyzoidis A,Altenburg T,Schwarzer M,et al.Continuous Microreactor Synthesis of ZIF-8 with High Space-time-yield and Tunable Particle Size[J]. Chem Eng J,2016,283:971-977.
[40]	Chung Y C,Hsu Y L,Jen C P,et al.Design of Passive Mixers Utilizing Microfluidic Self-circulation in the Mixing Chamber[J]. Lab Chip,2004,4(1):70-77.
[41]	Sudarsan A P,Ugaz V M.Fluid Mixing in Planar Spiral Microchannels[J]. Lab Chip,2006,6(1):74-82.
[42]	Wang H Z,Iovenitti P,Harvey E,et al.Optimizing Layout of Obstacles for Enhanced Mixing Microchannels[J]. Smart Mater Struct,2002,11(5):662-667.
[43]	Jackson W C,Kuckuck F,Edwards B S,et al.Mixing Small Volumes for Continuous High-throughput Flow Cytometry:Performance of a Mixing Y and Peristaltic Sample Delivery[J]. Cytometry,2002,47(3):183-191.
[44]	Bessoth F G,Demello A J,Manz A.Microstructure for Efficient Continuous Flow Mixing[J]. Anal Commun,1999,36(6):213-215.
[45]	Yang Z,Goto H,Matsumoto M,et al.Active Micromixer for Microfluidic Systems UsingLead-zirconate-titanate(PZT)-generated Ultrasonic Vibration[J]. Electrophoresis,2000,21(1):116-119.
[46]	Bottausci F,Mezic I,Meinhart C D,et al.Mixing in the Shear Superposition Micromixer:Three-Dimensional Analysis[J]. Philos Trans R Soc Math Phys Eng Sci,2004,362(1818):1001-1018.
[47]	Sounart T L,Baygents J C.Electrically-driven Fluid Motion in Channels with Streamwise Gradients of the Electrical Conductivity[J]. Colloids Surf A,2001,195(1/2/3):59-75.
[48]	Kim F,Song J H,Yang P D.Photochemical Synthesis of Gold Nanorods[J]. Cheminform,2002,34(48):14316-14317.
[49]	Akamatsu K,Deki S.Characterization and Optical Properties of Gold Nanoparticles Dispersed in Nylon 11Thin Films[J]. J Mater Chem,1997,7(9):1773-1777.
[50]	Kogiso M,Yoshida K,Yase K,et al.One-dimensional Organization of Copper Nanoparticles by Chemical Reduction of Lipid-copper Hybrid Nanofibers[J]. Chem Commun,2002,21:2492-2493.
[51]	Eastman J A,Choi S U S,Li S,et al. Anomalously Increased Effective Thermal Conductivities of Ethylene Glycol-based Nanofluids Containing Copper Nanoparticles[J]. Appl Phys Lett,2001,78(6):718-720.
[52]	Wagner J,Kirner T,Mayer G,et al.Generation of Metal Nanoparticles in a Microchannel Reactor[J]. Chem Eng J,2004,101(1/2/3):251-260.
[53]	Wagner J,Kohler J M.Continuous Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles in a Microreactor[J]. Nano Lett,2005,5(4):685-691.
[54]	Kohler J M,Wagner J,Albert J.Formation of Isolated and Clustered Au Nanoparticles in the Presence of Polyelectrolyte Molecules Using a Flow-through Si Chip Reactor[J]. J Mater Chem,2005,15(19):1924-1930.
[55]	Boleininger J,Kurz A,Reuss V,et al.Microfluidic Continuous Flow Synthesis of Rod-shaped Gold and Silver Nanocrystals[J]. Phys Chem Chem Phys,2006,8(33):3824-3827.
[56]	Thiele M,Knauer A,Csaki A,et al.High-Throughput Synthesis of Uniform Silver Seed Particles by a Continuous Microfluidic Synthesis Platform[J]. Chem Eng Technol,2015,38(7):1131-1137.
[57]	Song Y J,Doomes E E,Prindle J,et al.Investigations into Sulfobetaine-stabilized Cu Nanoparticle Formation:Toward Development of a Microfluidic Synthesis[J]. J Phys Chem B,2005,109(19):9330-9338.
[58]	Song Y J,Kumar C S,Homrmes J.Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles Using a Continious Flow Polymeric Microreactor[J]. J Nanosci Nanotechnol,2005,4(7):788-793.
[59]	Visaveliya N,Lenke S,Koehler J M.Composite Sensor Particles for Tuned SERS Sensing:Microfluidic Synthesis, Properties and Applications[J]. ACS Appl Mater Int,2015,7(20):10742-10754.
[60]	Wagner J,Tshikhudo T R,Koehler J M.Microfluidic Generation of Metal Nanoparticles by Borohydride Reduction[J]. Chem Eng J,2008,135:S104-S109.
[61]	Hafermann L,Koehler J M.Small Gold Nanoparticles Formed by Rapid Photochemical Flow-through Synthesis Using Microfluid Segment Technique[J]. J Nanopart Res,2015,17(99):1-8.
[62]	Cabrera F C,Melo A F A A,De Souza J C P,et al. A Flexible Lab-on-a-chip for the Synthesis and Magnetic Separation of Magnetite Decorated with Gold Nanoparticles[J]. Lab Chip,2015,15(8):1835-1841.
[63]	Cottam B F,Krishnadasan S,Demello A J,et al.Accelerated Synthesis of Titanium Oxide Nanostructures Using Microfluidic Chips[J]. Lab Chip,2007,7(2):167-169.
[64]	Shiba K,Ogawa M.Microfluidic Syntheses of Well-defined Sub-micron Nanoporous Titania Spherical Particles[J]. Chem Commun,2009,44:6851-6853.
[65]	Shiba K,Ogawa M.Syntheses of Zirconium-containing Titania Particles with Spherical Morphology and Uniform Size by Microfluidic Reactions[J]. J Ceram Soc Jpn,2011,119(1390):507-512.
[66]	Zhou J,Jiang H,Xu J,et al.Ultrafast Synthesis of LTA Nanozeolite Using a Two-Phase Segmented Fluidic Microreactor[J]. J Nanosci Nanotechnol,2013,13(8):5736-5743.
[67]	Khan S A,Jensen K F.Microfluidic Synthesis of Titania Shells on Colloidal Silica[J]. Adv Mater,2007,19(18):2556-2560.
[68]	Lan W,Li S,Xu J,et al.Synthesis of Titania-Silica Core-Shell Microspheres via a Controlled Interface Reaction in a Microfluidic Device[J]. Langmuir,2011,27(21):13242-13247.
[69]	Edel J B,Fortt R,Demello J C,et al.Microfluidic Routes to the Controlled Production of Nanoparticles[J]. Chem Commun,2002,10:1136-1137.
[70]	Dai J,Yang X,Hamon M,et al.Particle Size Controlled Synthesis of CdS Nanoparticles on a Microfluidic Chip[J]. Chem Eng J,2015,280:385-390.