应用化学 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 1361-1374.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.250019

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的低成本制备及性能

薛子航, 蹇思豪, 韩敏航, 李波, 郝瑞鑫, 马超, 苗洋(), 高峰   

  1. 太原理工大学材料科学与工程学院,太原 030024
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-10 接受日期:2025-08-26 出版日期:2025-10-01 发布日期:2025-10-29
  • 通讯作者: 苗洋
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(52472075);山西省留学归国人员项目(2022-042);山西省自然科学基金(202203021221059)

Low-Cost Preparation and Performance of Fiberglass Reinforced Silica Aerogel Blanket

Zi-Hang XUE, Si-Hao JIAN, Min-Hang HAN, Bo LI, Rui-Xin HAO, Chao MA, Yang MIAO(), Feng GAO   

  1. College of Materials Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China
  • Received:2025-01-10 Accepted:2025-08-26 Published:2025-10-01 Online:2025-10-29
  • Contact: Yang MIAO
  • About author:Email: miaoyang198781@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52472075);Shanxi Province Returned Scholar Funding Program(2022-042);the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202203021221059)

摘要:

二氧化硅气凝胶因其独特的三维网状结构而具备优异的隔热性能、低密度等优势,受到广泛关注。 然而,其力学性能差、易碎裂,以及传统制备工艺流程复杂、周期长和成本高的问题限制了其大规模应用。 本文以廉价的水玻璃为硅源、玻璃纤维为增强材料,通过溶胶-凝胶法和常压干燥工艺制备玻璃纤维增强的二氧化硅气凝胶复合毡。 探讨了老化时间、去离子水用量和浸泡时间、三甲基氯硅烷用量和改性时间对玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料性能的影响。 在老化时间为10 h,去离子水用量为200 mL,浸泡2次,时间设置为(24+12) h,三甲基氯硅烷用量为18 mL,改性时间为60 h时,所制备的二氧化硅气凝胶毡比表面积达776.38 m2/g,密度为0.228 g/cm3,导热系数为0.0218 W/(m·K),抗压强度为2.4 MPa,抗拉强度为0.5 MPa。 该材料还表现出良好的高温稳定性和疏水性,疏水角为141.5(°),为其在隔热领域的工业化应用提供了新的实践方向。

关键词: SiO2气凝胶毡, 玻璃纤维, 隔热性能, 溶胶-凝胶法, 常压干燥

Abstract:

Silica aerogel has attracted extensive attention due to its unique three-dimensional network structure, excellent thermal insulation performance, low density and other advantages. However, its poor mechanical properties, fragility, and the problems of complex traditional preparation process, long cycle and high cost limit its large-scale application. In this study, glass fiber-reinforced silica aerogel composite mats were prepared by sol-gel method and atmospheric pressure drying process using cheap sodium silicate as the silicon source and glass fiber as the reinforcing material. The effects of aging time, deionized water dosage and soaking time, trimethylchlorosilane dosage and modification time on the properties of glass fiber reinforced silica aerogel composites were discussed.Under the conditions of an aging time of 10 h, a dosage of 200 mL deionized water, a soaking time of (24+12) h, a dosage of 18 mL trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), and a modification time of 60 h, the specific surface area of the prepared silica aerogel mat was 776.38 m2/g, the density was 0.228 g/cm3, the thermal conductivity was 0.0218 W/(m·K), the compressive strength was 2.4 MPa, and the tensile strength was 0.5 MPa. The material also exhibits excellent high-temperature stability and hydrophobicity, with a water contact angle of 141.5(°), providing new practical insights for its industrial application in thermal insulation.

Key words: SiO2 aerogel mat, Fiberglass, Thermal insulation, Sol-gel method, Atmospheric pressure drying

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