Fabrication of BiOX-Based Photocatalysts and Their Applications in Energy Conversion

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230158

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 1518-1530.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.230158

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Fabrication of BiOX-Based Photocatalysts and Their Applications in Energy Conversion

Feng WEI¹^,², Hai-Dong XING¹, Zi-Yuan XIU¹, De-Feng XING², Xiao-Jun HAN¹()

^1.State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment，School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Harbin Institute of Technology，Harbin 150001，China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment，School of Environment，Harbin Institute of Technology，Harbin 150001，China

Received:2023-05-30 Accepted:2023-10-16 Published:2023-11-01 Online:2023-12-01
Contact: Xiao-Jun HAN
About author:hanxiaojun@hit.edu.cn
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(ZD2022B001);the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M701000);Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Foundation(LBH-Z21146);the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology(ES202213)

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid development of our society， the excessive consumption of traditional petrochemical resource not only results in energy crisis， but also causes environmental pollution. In recent years， researchers are devoting themselves to the development of novel， clean and carbon-neutral energy with high efficiency. The energy conversion and storage from low-density solar energy to high-density chemical energy by photocatalysis technology show great potential to solve the aforementioned energy shortage and environmental pollution issues. Among all the photocatalysts， BiOX with typical layer structures， proper bandgap positions and excellent light response is considered as a promising photocatalyst. However， the photocatalytic performance based on BiOX is still far from satisfaction. Therefore， the development of its modification strategies is becoming a research hotspot. In this review， with BiOX as the research objective， the modification strategies based on its structural characteristics to promote the photocatalytic properties are summarized， including intrinsic modification （morphology regulation， element doping， and defect introduction） and heterojunction construction. The research progress of BiOX-based photocatalysts in energy conversion field （photocatalytic water splitting for H₂ production， photocatalytic CO₂ reduction and NH₃ photosynthesis） is presented. The modification of BiOX can alter the migration direction of photocarriers and promote their separation. Meanwhile， the produced active sites during the modification are provided as the precondition to enhance the photocatalytic performance. Finally， the research challenge and development trends of BiOX-based photocatalysts are proposed.

Key words: BiOX, Photocatalysis, Layer structure, Intrinsic modification, Heterojunction construction, Energy conversion

CLC Number:

O611

Feng WEI, Hai-Dong XING, Zi-Yuan XIU, De-Feng XING, Xiao-Jun HAN. Fabrication of BiOX-Based Photocatalysts and Their Applications in Energy Conversion[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2023, 40(11): 1518-1530.

Figures/Tables 8

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Photocatalyst	Preparation method	Modification strategy	Reaction condition （Light resource）	Photocatalytic performance	Ref.
BiOBr nanosheet arrays	Solvothermal method	Morphology regulation	500 W Xenon lamp （λ≥400 nm）	Removal of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride （91.4%）	［26］
Hollow porous BiOCl microspheres	Spray solution combustion method	Morphology regulation	150 W Halogen lamp （λ≥400 nm）	Removal of rhodamine B （98%）	［27］
Ultrathin 2D BiOX NSs	Two-phase method	Morphology regulation	300 W Xenon lamp （λ≥420 nm）	Removal of rhodamine B （96%） Removal of methyl orange （39%） O₂ evolution （445.6 μmol/（g·h））	［28］
Ni-doped BiOCl	Solvothermal method	Transition metal ion doping	Visible light （λ＞420 nm）	Removal of rhodamine B （97%）	［34］
B-doped Bi₃O₄Cl NSs	Solvothermal method	Non-metal ion doping	300 W Xenon lamp （λ＞420 nm）	Removal of bisphenol A （~94%） Removal of ciprofloxacin （92.3%）	［38］
Ultrathin BiOX NSs （X=Cl， Br）	Laser irradiation	O vacancy defect	500 W Xenon lamp （λ≥420 nm）	Removal of rhodamine B （BiOCl： 93.6%； BiOBr： 92.1%）	［52］
BiOX （X=F， Cl， Br， I）	Hydrothermal method and chemical precipitation method	O vacancy defect	300 W Xenon lamp	Reduction of CO₂ （CO： 21.6 μmol/（g·h）； CH₄ 1.2 μmol/（g·h））	［53］
Bi-Nb-BiOCl	Solvothermal method	O vacancy defect	300 W Xenon lamp （λ≥420 nm）	Removal of rhodamine B （97%） Removal of tetracycline （~70%）	［54］
p-BiOBr/n-TiO₂ nanofibers	Electrospinning and solvothermal method	p-n heterojunction	50 W Mercury lamp	Removal of rhodamine B （89%） Removal of methyl orange （~95%）	［59］
BiOX（X=Cl， Br）-Au-CdS	Solvothermal method and photodeposition	All-solid-state Z-scheme	300 W Xenon lamp （AM 1.5 filter）	Removal of rhodamine B （100%）	［60］
BiOBr/BiOIO₃	Solvothermal method	Direct Z-scheme	300 W Xenon lamp （λ≥420 nm）	Removal of mercury （90.25%）	［61］
BiOX （X=Cl， Br， I）	Chemical precipitation method	Selective facet	300 W Xenon lamp （λ≥400 nm）	Removal of rhodamine B （95%）	［64］

Photocatalyst	Preparation method	Modification strategy	Reaction condition （Light resource）	Photocatalytic performance	Ref.
BiOBr nanosheet arrays	Solvothermal method	Morphology regulation	500 W Xenon lamp （λ≥400 nm）	Removal of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride （91.4%）	［26］
Hollow porous BiOCl microspheres	Spray solution combustion method	Morphology regulation	150 W Halogen lamp （λ≥400 nm）	Removal of rhodamine B （98%）	［27］
Ultrathin 2D BiOX NSs	Two-phase method	Morphology regulation	300 W Xenon lamp （λ≥420 nm）	Removal of rhodamine B （96%） Removal of methyl orange （39%） O₂ evolution （445.6 μmol/（g·h））	［28］
Ni-doped BiOCl	Solvothermal method	Transition metal ion doping	Visible light （λ＞420 nm）	Removal of rhodamine B （97%）	［34］
B-doped Bi₃O₄Cl NSs	Solvothermal method	Non-metal ion doping	300 W Xenon lamp （λ＞420 nm）	Removal of bisphenol A （~94%） Removal of ciprofloxacin （92.3%）	［38］
Ultrathin BiOX NSs （X=Cl， Br）	Laser irradiation	O vacancy defect	500 W Xenon lamp （λ≥420 nm）	Removal of rhodamine B （BiOCl： 93.6%； BiOBr： 92.1%）	［52］
BiOX （X=F， Cl， Br， I）	Hydrothermal method and chemical precipitation method	O vacancy defect	300 W Xenon lamp	Reduction of CO₂ （CO： 21.6 μmol/（g·h）； CH₄ 1.2 μmol/（g·h））	［53］
Bi-Nb-BiOCl	Solvothermal method	O vacancy defect	300 W Xenon lamp （λ≥420 nm）	Removal of rhodamine B （97%） Removal of tetracycline （~70%）	［54］
p-BiOBr/n-TiO₂ nanofibers	Electrospinning and solvothermal method	p-n heterojunction	50 W Mercury lamp	Removal of rhodamine B （89%） Removal of methyl orange （~95%）	［59］
BiOX（X=Cl， Br）-Au-CdS	Solvothermal method and photodeposition	All-solid-state Z-scheme	300 W Xenon lamp （AM 1.5 filter）	Removal of rhodamine B （100%）	［60］
BiOBr/BiOIO₃	Solvothermal method	Direct Z-scheme	300 W Xenon lamp （λ≥420 nm）	Removal of mercury （90.25%）	［61］
BiOX （X=Cl， Br， I）	Chemical precipitation method	Selective facet	300 W Xenon lamp （λ≥400 nm）	Removal of rhodamine B （95%）	［64］

Application	Photocatalyst	Modification strategy	Functions	Light source	Product yield rate/（μmol·h^-1·g^-1） and selectivity	Ref.
Water splitting for H₂ production	BiOBr-（001） BiOBr-（010）	High exposure of crystal face	Enhancing spatial separation of electron and hole pairs	300 W Xenon lamp	H₂： 16.12 （100%） H₂： 8.69 （100%）	［70］
	BiOBr/C	Schottky junction/OVs	Enhancing spatial separation of electron and hole pairs	150 W Xenon lamp （λ≥420 nm）	H₂： 2 850 （100%）	［71］
	BiOCl/CuFe₂O₄	Z-scheme heterojunction	Enhancing spatial separation of electron and hole pairs/Improving reducibility of photo-induced electrons	250 W Xenon lamp	H₂： 740 （100%）	［72］
CO₂ reduction	Ultrathin BiOCl nanosheets	Morphology regulation	Regulating conduction band/Improving migration of photo-induced carriers	300 W Xenon lamp	CO： 21.36 （~100%） CH₄： trace	［78］
	BiOCl atomic layers	Exposing VDWG/Forming defect of VDWG-Bi-VOs-Bi	Enhancing separation of electron and hole pairs/Promoting activation of CO₂， cleavage of ^COOH and desorption of ^CO	300 W Xenon lamp （λ≥400 nm）	CO： 188.2 （≥97.4%） H₂：＜5 （＜2.6%）	［79］
	PVP-BiOBr	PVP coordination/OVs defect	Increasing local electron density/Promoting adsorption and activation of CO₂	300 W Xenon lamp （200 mW/cm²）	CO： 263.2 （98.8%） CH₄： 3.3 （1.2%）	［80］
	BiOCl/Bi₂WO₆	Ⅱ-type heterojunction	Promoting CO₂ and CHO^* adsorption and enhancing migration and separation of carriers by built-in electric field	300 W Xenon lamp （AM 1.5 G， 100 mW/cm²）	CH₄： 6.63 （82.9%） CO+H₂： 1.37 （17.1%）	［81］
NH₃ synthesis	BiOCl NSs-Fe	Fe doping/OVs by light irradiation	Promoting adsorption and activation of N₂	300 W Xenon lamp	NH₃： 1 022 （100%）	［84］
	Bi₅O₇Br-40	Regulating Bi contents/morphology	Promoting activation of N₂ by OVs/Increasing specific surface area	300 W Xenon lamp （200~800 nm）	NH₃： 12 720 （100%）	［85］
	Bi₂Sn₂O₇/BiOBr	S-scheme heterojunction	Enhancing migration and separation of photo-induced carriers to maintain the high reducibility of conduction band	300 W Xenon lamp	NH₃： 459.04 （100%）	［86］

Application	Photocatalyst	Modification strategy	Functions	Light source	Product yield rate/（μmol·h^-1·g^-1） and selectivity	Ref.
Water splitting for H₂ production	BiOBr-（001） BiOBr-（010）	High exposure of crystal face	Enhancing spatial separation of electron and hole pairs	300 W Xenon lamp	H₂： 16.12 （100%） H₂： 8.69 （100%）	［70］
	BiOBr/C	Schottky junction/OVs	Enhancing spatial separation of electron and hole pairs	150 W Xenon lamp （λ≥420 nm）	H₂： 2 850 （100%）	［71］
	BiOCl/CuFe₂O₄	Z-scheme heterojunction	Enhancing spatial separation of electron and hole pairs/Improving reducibility of photo-induced electrons	250 W Xenon lamp	H₂： 740 （100%）	［72］
CO₂ reduction	Ultrathin BiOCl nanosheets	Morphology regulation	Regulating conduction band/Improving migration of photo-induced carriers	300 W Xenon lamp	CO： 21.36 （~100%） CH₄： trace	［78］
	BiOCl atomic layers	Exposing VDWG/Forming defect of VDWG-Bi-VOs-Bi	Enhancing separation of electron and hole pairs/Promoting activation of CO₂， cleavage of ^COOH and desorption of ^CO	300 W Xenon lamp （λ≥400 nm）	CO： 188.2 （≥97.4%） H₂：＜5 （＜2.6%）	［79］
	PVP-BiOBr	PVP coordination/OVs defect	Increasing local electron density/Promoting adsorption and activation of CO₂	300 W Xenon lamp （200 mW/cm²）	CO： 263.2 （98.8%） CH₄： 3.3 （1.2%）	［80］
	BiOCl/Bi₂WO₆	Ⅱ-type heterojunction	Promoting CO₂ and CHO^* adsorption and enhancing migration and separation of carriers by built-in electric field	300 W Xenon lamp （AM 1.5 G， 100 mW/cm²）	CH₄： 6.63 （82.9%） CO+H₂： 1.37 （17.1%）	［81］
NH₃ synthesis	BiOCl NSs-Fe	Fe doping/OVs by light irradiation	Promoting adsorption and activation of N₂	300 W Xenon lamp	NH₃： 1 022 （100%）	［84］
	Bi₅O₇Br-40	Regulating Bi contents/morphology	Promoting activation of N₂ by OVs/Increasing specific surface area	300 W Xenon lamp （200~800 nm）	NH₃： 12 720 （100%）	［85］
	Bi₂Sn₂O₇/BiOBr	S-scheme heterojunction	Enhancing migration and separation of photo-induced carriers to maintain the high reducibility of conduction band	300 W Xenon lamp	NH₃： 459.04 （100%）	［86］

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Fabrication of BiOX-Based Photocatalysts and Their Applications in Energy Conversion

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