Advances of Inorganic‑inorganic Composite Electrochromic Films

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220049

Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 1345-1359.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.220049

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Advances of Inorganic‑inorganic Composite Electrochromic Films

Xin GU, Wen-Qing WANG, Jun-He HOU, Lu GAO, Ming-Hua HUANG, Ge SU()

School of Materials Science and Engineering，Ocean University of China，Qingdao 266100，China

Received:2022-02-25 Accepted:2022-05-31 Published:2022-09-01 Online:2022-09-08
Contact: Ge SU
About author:gesu@ouc.edu.cn
Supported by:
the Natural Science Foundation of China(21775142)

Abstract

Abstract:

Under an external voltage， the optical properties （e.g. color， transmittance， etc.） of electrochromic materials can controllably and reversibly be changed， which has an important application prospects in the fields of energy conservation and emission reduction. With the continuous innovation and development of related research， the single-component electrochromic materials cannot show the expected electrochromic properties due to the limitations of their own structure and performance， and cannot be designed and regulated in their structure and performance， so it is increasingly unable to meet the needs of practical applications. Comparing with the non-composite electrochromic materials， the composite materials have obvious advantages in this aspect. Through the reasonable material design and with the coordination of each component， the core competitiveness of the composite materials is mainly represented by the electrochromic materials with excellent structure and performance can be obtained by stimulating the advantages and overcoming the disadvantages of each component. Therefore， more and more research focus on the composite electrochromic materials in recent years. At present many kinds of composite electrochromic materials have been researched， which mainly can be divided into three categories as inorganic-inorganic composite， organic-inorganic composite and organic-organic composite according to whether the composite components are inorganic or organic materials. Compared with the organic electrochromic materials， the inorganic electrochromic materials have significant advantages in material composition control， mechanical properties， optical modulation， service stability， life and other aspects. Therefore， either the single-component or the composite inorganic electrochromic materials have always been an important direction of research in this field. Hence， this paper devotes to the research status and development tendency of the inorganic-inorganic composite electrochromic materials， devices and electrolytes， including the research progress， the existing problems and the development trend. It will provide a basis for the further development and application of composite electrochromic materials.

Key words: Electrochromic materials, Inorganic-inorganic composite, Property, Device, Electrolyte

CLC Number:

O646

Xin GU, Wen-Qing WANG, Jun-He HOU, Lu GAO, Ming-Hua HUANG, Ge SU. Advances of Inorganic‑inorganic Composite Electrochromic Films[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2022, 39(9): 1345-1359.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Typical cracking phenomena of non-composite NiO film （A）［21］ and its optical modulation （B）［23］

Fig.2 Scheme of the preparation of WO3-TiO2 NTs composite film［31］

Fig.3 （A） Structure diagram of the NiO-TiO2 film with interpenetrating composite structure；（B） SEM image of TiO2 nanorod array， the inset picture is the SEM image of the FTO substrate；（C） SEM image of NiO-TiO2 composite film［34］

Fig.4 SEM images of Ni（OH）2-TiO2 composite films prepared by deposition of Ni（OH）2 on the TiO2 nanorods for 135 min （A） and 360 min （B）； Rlationship between light modulation at different wavelengths and the cycle index of the composite film as shown in figure B （C）. The solid line is the test data and the dotted line is the fitting value［39］

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the construction process of the ZnO-NiO film with non-contact core-shell rod array structure （A）； SEM images of the ZnO rod array film （B） and ZnO-NiO core-shell rod array film （C）［41］

Fig.6 Transmittance spectra of the V2O5-graphene-PET films at various coloration stages［44］

Fig.7 SEM images of In2O3 rod array （A） and Ni（OH）2-In2O3 rod composite film （B）； Energy band position diagram of FTO and In2O3 （C）； Diagrams of FTO/In2O3 heterojunction （D）［49］

Table 1 EC properties of inorganic?inorganic composite materials obtained by different methods from 2016 to 2021

复合材料 Composite materials	着色时间/ 消色时间 Coloration time（s）/ Bleaching time（s）	着色效率 Coloration efficiency /（cm²·C^-1）	光学调制（考查波长） Light modulation/% （Wavelength/nm）	循环次数 Cycle index	参考文献 Refs
NiO?ZnO	2.6/9.7	78.5	81.0 （550）	-	［40］
ZnO?NiO棒阵列 ZnO?NiO rod array	<1	<1	-	12 000	［41］
WO₃?Ag	3.9/8.9	90.2	40.6 （633）	-	［50］
CuWO₄?WO₃	1.9/1.6	74.4	54.6 （800）	-	［46］
WO₃?ITO	5.7/0.9	35.8	53.6 （633）	-	［47］
C?V₂O₅	3.6/3.1	89.3	45.8 （650）	5 000	［51］
MoO₃?V₂O₅	8.2/6.3	-	31.4 （700）	-	［52］
V₂O₅?GO	1.4/2.5	-	40.9 （415）	-	［42］
NiO?普鲁士蓝 NiO?Prussian blue	5.0/6.0	141.0	46.0 （700）	-	［53］
NiO?TiO₂	3.8/4.0	147.6	71.0 （550）	3 000	［34］
NiO?多壁碳纳米管 NiO?MWCNT	8.1/6.6	31.1	-	5 000	［48］
NiO?rGO	4.3/3.9	12.9	40.7 （550）	1 000	［43］
TiO₂?普鲁士蓝 TiO₂?Prussian blue	6.2/2.2	131.5	48.0 （700）	-	［54］
TiO₂?Co₃O₄	-	91.0	40.0 （423）	5 000	［55］
Ni?NiO?rGO	4.2/2.4	48.2	51.6 （550）	-	［56］
V₂O₅?石墨烯 V₂O₅?graphene	-	555.8	68.9 （800）	-	［44］
WO₃?rGO	4.7/4.5	181.5	58.8 （633）	2 500	［45］
WO₃?MoO₃	25.0/25.0	91.0	57.0 （650）	-	［57］
WO₃?TiO₂	3.0/1.1	102.1	85.3 （633）	3 000	［28］
Ni（OH）₂?TiO₂	0.4/1.2	95.3	89.0（550）	11 000	［39］
In₂O₃?Ni（OH）₂	8.0/3.0	101.4	61.6（550）	6 500	［49］

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of standard EC device［64］

Fig.9 （A） Schematic illustration for the fabrication of flexible transparent electrodes （a） and SEM images of the co-assembled Ag/W18O49 NWs networks on the polyethylene terephthalate （PET） substrate （b-c）. （B） Structural schematic diagram of solid electrochromic device （a） and Photographs of the bleached and colored state of solid electrochromic devices at bending state （b-c）. The insets are photographs of the devices without bending. （d） Photographs of the electrochromic glasses model. （e） Photographs of the electrochromic window model［74］

Fig.10 （A） Cross-sectional SEM image of EC device；（B） Transmittance spectra of the device prepared at annealing temperature of 400 ℃［75］

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Advances of Inorganic‑inorganic Composite Electrochromic Films

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