过渡金属及其化合物应用于锂硫电池的研究进展

doi:10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2020.04.190243

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂硫电池因具有高理论比容量和性价比,被认为是具有发展潜力的新型二次电池。但是,作为活性物质的单质硫和反应产物是电子绝缘体,充放电过程的中间产物多硫化锂在电解液中易于溶解和迁移引起“穿梭效应”和一系列的副反应,造成活性物质利用率低,电池的电化学稳定性变差。本文综述了近年来过渡金属纳米材料应用于锂硫电池的研究进展,重点介绍了材料的合成方法以及其抑制多硫化锂溶解并促进其转化的反应机理,并对锂硫电池正极载体材料的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 过渡金属化合物, 纳米材料, 锂硫电池, 电化学性能, 化学吸附

Abstract:

Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered to be the next-generation secondary batteries with development potentials due to high theoretical specific capacity and low cost. However, there are several limitations of the sulfur cathodes due to the insulating nature of sulfur and Li₂S, the “shuttle effect” caused by the intermediate lithium polysulfides(Li₂S_x, 4≤x≤8) dissolved and migrated in the electrolyte and serious side effects, resulting in low utilization of the active materials, poor cycling stability and rate performances. In this paper, the research progress of transition metal nano materials in lithium-sulfur batteries is reviewed. Especially, the synthetic methods of materials and the reaction mechanism for inhibiting the dissolution of lithium polysulfide and promoting the conversion are introduced and the development of cathode carrier materials for lithium-sulfur batteries is forecasted.

Key words: transition metal compounds, nanomaterials, lithium sulfur battery, electrochemical performances, chemical adsorption

王春丽,孙连山,钟鸣,王立民,程勇. 过渡金属及其化合物应用于锂硫电池的研究进展[J]. 应用化学, 2020, 37(4): 387-404.

WANG Chunli,SUN Lianshan,ZHONG Ming,WANG Limin,CHENG Yong. Research Progress of Transition Metal and Compounds for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2020, 37(4): 387-404.

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