洗参水美白与抗氧化活性及其皂苷类成分分析

doi:10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.210030

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对洗参水冻干粉样品美白、抗氧化活性及其皂苷成分进行分析。通过采用生化酶学法测定酪氨酸酶抑制率探究洗参水冻干粉样品的美白活性,采用水杨酸法测定羟自由基(Hydroxyl radical,·OH)清除率和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH自由基)清除率探究洗参水冻干粉样品抗氧化活性,同时利用高分离度快速液相色谱串联四极杆-飞行时间质谱(RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS)法对洗参水冻干粉样品中的皂苷类成分进行分析,共鉴别出16种人参皂苷。结果表明,洗参水冻干粉样品中总皂苷含量为1.64 g/100 g;该样品对酪氨酸酶活性具有抑制作用,当质量浓度为57.82 mg/mL时,样品对酪氨酸酶抑制率为50.50%;同时具有一定的抗氧化活性, 当样品质量浓度为38.03 mg/mL时,对·OH的抑制率达到50.30%;当样品质量浓度为52.04 mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基的清除率为50.10%。综上,洗参水作为人参初加工被废弃的副产物,存量较大,是值得再利用开发的美白、抗氧化、防衰老类产品的原料。

关键词: 洗参水, 美白, 抗氧化, 人参皂苷, 质谱, 成分分析

Abstract: The whitening, antioxidant activity and ginsenosides components of the samples of freeze-dried powder of ginseng wash water (GWW) were analyzed by measuring tyrosinase inhibition rate with biochemical enzymatic method, determining the hydroxyl radical (·OH) scavenging rate and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging rate with salicylic acid method, and high resolution rapid liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS), respectively. Sixteen ginsenosides were identified. The results show that the content of total ginsenosides of the sample is 1.64 g/100 g;The sample has inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity, and the inhibition rate is 50.50 % when the final concentration is 57.82 mg/mL. At the same time, it has certain antioxidant activity, when the sample concentration is 38.03 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of ·OH reaches 50.30%. When the sample concentration is 52.04 mg/mL, the DPPH radical scavenging rate is 50.10%. To sum up, GWW, as a waste by-product of primary processing of ginseng, has a large stock, which is worthy of recycling and re-developing as a raw material for whitening, anti-oxidation and anti-aging products.

Key words: Ginseng wash water, Whitening, Antioxidant activity, Ginsenosides, Mass spectrometry, Components analysis

中图分类号:

O629

王恩鹏, 杜连云, 姜涛, 李光, 魏琨, 朱爽, 越皓, 陈长宝. 洗参水美白与抗氧化活性及其皂苷类成分分析[J]. 应用化学, 2021, 38(3): 289-297.

WANG En-Peng, DU Lian-Yun, JIANG Tao, LI Guang, WEI Kun, ZHU Shuang, YUE Hao, CHEN Chang-Bao. Whitening Activity, Antioxidant Activity and Ginsenosides Analysis of Ginseng Wash Water[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2021, 38(3): 289-297.

参考文献

[1] 蓝草, 邵琳智, 陈思敏. 实时直接分析-高分辨质谱发快速检测化妆品中的氯霉素[J]. 分析测试学报, 2019, 38(12): 1503-1506.
LAN C, SHAO L Z, CHEN S M. Rapid determination of chloramphenicol in cosmetics using direct real-time analsis-high resolution mass spectrometry[J]. Instrum Anal, 2019, 38(12): 1503-1506.
[2] 廖华勇, 王景, 李红玉. 超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速分析化妆品中17种喹诺酮类药物[J]. 分析测试学报, 2019, 38(9): 1102-1107.
LIAO H Y, WANG J, LI H Y. Rapid determination of 17 quinolones in cosmetics using ulta-perforance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/eletrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry[J]. Instrum Anal, 2019, 38(9): 1102-1107.
[3] 姜涛, 杜连云, 朱爽, 等. 实时直接分析电离质谱法快速检测化妆品中的3种成分[J]. 应用化学, 2020, 37(11): 1333-1339.
JIANG T, DU L Y, ZHU S, et al. Rapid determination of 3 components in cosmetics by using direct real-time analysis ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Chinese J Appl Chem, 2020, 37(11): 1333-1339.
[4] MAURO E D, XU R, SOLIVERI G, et al. Natural melanin pigments and their interfaces with metal ions and oxides: emerging concepts and technologies[J]. MRS Commun, 2017, 7: 141-151.
[5] RAGEH M M, EL-GEBALY R H. Melanin nanoparticles: antioxidant activities and effects on γ-ray-induced DNA damage in the mouse[J]. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen, 2018, 828: 15-22.
[6] 陈海雁, 陈向东, 俞黎姗. 黑色素形成机理、生物学功能和应用开发的研究进展[J]. 生物资源, 2020, 42(6): 652-659.
CHEN H Y, CHEN X D, YU L S. Biosynthesis, function and applications of melanin[J]. Biotic Resour, 2020, 42(6): 652-659.
[7] 孟燕, 蒋明东, 张献全. 皮肤黑色素瘤免疫细胞浸润模式及其与预后的相关性分析[J/OL]. 重庆医科大学学报:1-6.https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.002698.
MENG Y, JIANG M D, ZHANG X Q. Infiltration pattern of immune cell in cutaneous melanoma and its correlation with prognosis[J/OL]. J Chongqing Med Univ:1-6[2021-01-14].https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.002698.
[8] AUMEERUDDY-ELALFI Z, GURIB-FAKIM A, MAHOMOODALLY M F. Kinetic studies of tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 19 essential oils extracted from endemic and exotic medicinal plants[J]. S Afr J Bot, 2016, 103: 89-94.
[9] SARKAR R, ARORA P, GARG K V. Cosmeceuticals for hyperpigmentation: what is available?[J]. J Cutan Aesthet Surg, 2013, 6(1): 4-11.
[10] ALBRECHT S, AHLBERG S, BECKERS I, et al. Effects on detection of radical formation in skin due to solar irradiation measured by EPR spectroscopy[J]. Methods, 2016, 109: 44-54.
[11] LIOCHEV S I. Reactive oxygen species and the free radical theory of aging[J]. Free Radic Biol Med, 2013, 60(10): 1-4.
[12] 王怀玲. 蓝莓多酚化合物抗衰老活性及作用机制研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2018.
WANG H L. Research on antiaging activity and mechanism of blueberry polyphenols[D]. Guang Zhou: South China Univercity of Technology, 2018.
[13] 李晓娟, 孟君, 徐莹, 等. 荔枝玫瑰酒的营养成分分析与皮肤抗氧化功效研究[J]. 中国酿造, 2020, 39(10): 96-102.
LI X J, MENG J, XU Y, et al. Nulrient component and skin antioxidant effect of litchi rose wine[J]. China Brew, 2020, 39(10): 96-102.
[14] WAN X L, JIN X, REN Y H. Antitumor effects and mechanism of protein from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer on human breast cancer cell line MCF-7[J]. Pharmacogn Mag, 2019, 15(65): 715-721.
[15] 万茜淋, 任雨贺, 孙秀丽, 等. 2015年版《中国药典》(一部)含人参成方制剂的归类与分析[J]. 中国药房, 2018, 29(1): 69-73.
WAN X L, REN Y H, SUN X L, et al. Classification and analysis of set prescription preparations containing Panax ginseng in 2015 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia ( PartⅠ)[J]. China Pharm, 2018, 29(1): 69-73.
[16] FAN Y L, XIA J Y, JIA D Y, et al. Mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 renal protection in a mouse model of D-galactose-induced subacute damage[J]. Pharm Biol, 2016, 54(9):1815-1821.
[17] ZHANG Y C, CHEN M T, WANG F, et al. Effect of Shengmai injection on cardiac function and inflammatory reaction in patients with acute coronary syndrome[J]. Heart, 2010, 96(Suppl 3).
[18] BANG H J, KWAK J H, AHN H Y, et al. Korean red ginseng improves glucose control in subjects with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. J Med Food, 2014, 17(1): 128-134.
[19] YAKOOT M, SALEM A, HELMY S. Effect of Memo^R, a natural formula combination, on mini-mental state examination scores in patients with mild cognitive impairment[J]. Clin Intervent Aging, 2013, 8: 975.
[20] CHOI Y D, PARK C W, JANG J, et al. Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract on sexual function in men with erectile dysfunction: amulticenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study[J]. Int J Impot Res, 2013, 25(2): 45-50.
[21] 季迪新, 回清杰, 裴培, 等. 刷参水的成分分析[J]. 日用化学工业, 1986(1): 32-35.
JI D X, HUI Q J, PEI P, et al. Composition analysis of brush ginseng water[J]. China Surfactant Deterg Cosmet, 1986(1): 32-35.
[22] 楼彩霞, 田燕泽, 朴香兰. 连翘不同极性部位对酪氨酸酶活性抑制作用研究[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2011, 22(10): 2415-2416.
LOU C X, TIAN Y Z, PIAO X L. Inhibitory effect of different polar extracts from Forsythia suspensa on tyrosinase activity[J]. Shizhen Guoyi Guoyao, 2011, 22(10): 2415-2416.
[23] 邱现创, 赵宁, 李晨, 等. 铁皮石斛多糖提取工艺优化及对果蝇抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2018, 39(2): 273-280.
QIU X C, ZHAO N, LI C, et al. Study on optimization of extraction technology of polysaccharide and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from dendrobium officinale[J]. Food Sci, 2018, 39(2): 273-280.
[24] 陈斌, 钱骅, 赵伯涛, 等. 薰衣草叶提取物不同极性部位抗氧化及抑制酪氨酸酶活性研究[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2015, 26(7):1610-1612.
CHEN B, QIAN H, ZHAO B T, et al. Antioxidant capacity and antityrosinase activity of different polanity extracts in lavender leafs[J]. Shizhen Guoyi Guoyao, 2015, 26(7): 1610-1612.
[25] DOMON B, COSTELLO C E. Structure elucidation of glycosphingolipids and gangliosides using high-performance tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Biochemistry, 1988, 27(5): 1534-1543.
[26] ZAMAN A, MUHAMMAD R, SUNG-YUM S, et al. Synthesis, kinetic mechanism and docking studies of vanillin derivatives as inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase[J]. Bioorg Med Chem, 2015, 23(17): 5870-5880.
[27] WU W, SUN L, ZHANG Z, et al. Profiling and multivariate statistical analysis of Panax ginseng based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry[J]. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2015, 107: 141-150.
[28] 戴雨霖, 越皓, 孙长江, 等. 高分离度快速液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法分析酒制和醋制人参的皂苷类成分[J]. 分析化学, 2015, 43(8): 1181-1186.
DAI Y L, YUE H, Sun C J, et al. Determination of ginsenosides in processed ginseng by rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupoletime-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry[J]. J Anal Chem, 2015, 43(8): 1181-1186.
[29] 石婧婧, 陈舒妤, 邹立思, 等. 超快速液相色谱-三重四级杆-线性离子阱质谱法分析人参和红参中皂苷类成分[J]. 中国药学杂志, 2018, 53(22): 1944-1951.
SHI J J, CHEN S Y, ZOU L S, et al. Comparative analysis of ginsenosides in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra by UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS[J]. Chinese Pharm J, 2018, 53(22): 1944-1951.