Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 767-782.DOI: 10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240001
• Review •
Ying-Wei LI1, Ji HAN1, Bu-Yuan GUAN1,2()
Received:
2024-01-02
Accepted:
2024-03-31
Published:
2024-06-01
Online:
2024-07-09
Contact:
Bu-Yuan GUAN
About author:
guanbuyuan@jlu.edu.cnSupported by:
CLC Number:
Ying-Wei LI, Ji HAN, Bu-Yuan GUAN. Research Progress on the Synthesis and Application of Two-Dimensional Mesoporous Materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2024, 41(6): 767-782.
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URL: http://yyhx.ciac.jl.cn/EN/10.19894/j.issn.1000-0518.240001
Fig.1 Formation mechanism (A), SEM image (B) and TEM image (C) of the mesoporous Ir nanosheets[42]; Formation mechanism from top and side views of 2D quasi-single-crystalline mesoporous nanoplates (SMPs) (D); SEM image and particle size distribution (E) and TEM image (F) of the highly curved PdCu SMPs[44]; Formation mechanism (G), SEM image (H) and TEM image (I) of the single-layered 2D mesoporous TiO2 nanosheets[45]
Fig.2 Formation mechanism (A), SEM image (B) and TEM image and FFT result (C)of mPANI (Scale bars: 100 nm)[46]; Formation mechanism (D), low-magnification TEM image and fluorescence microscopy image of a partially fluorescent stained layer (inset) (E), high-magnification TEM image and zoom-in on the cage structures (inset) (F) of 2D mesoporous silica superstructure[47]; Formation mechanism(G), SEM image (H) and TEM image (I) of sandwiched mPPy/Ag nanoplates hybrid[48]
Fig.3 Formation mechanism (A), SEM image and of mesopores (inset represent the hexagonal patterns, scale bars: 25 nm) (B), and TEM image (C) of OMCS with vertical mesopores[49]; Formation mechanism (D), SEM image (E) and TEM image (F) of 2D mesoporous AS nanosheet[50]; Formation mechanism (G), FESEM image (H) and TEM image (I) of SAL-Pt@mTiO2 nanosheet[51]; Formation mechanism (J) of 2D Fey-N-HCNS/rGO-T nanosheet; SEM image (K) of Fe1.6-N-HCNS/rGO-900[52]; Formation mechanism of 2D mesoporous heterostructured (L); SEM image (M) and TEM image (N) of MXene@C nanosheet[53]
Fig.4 Etching mechanism of two different etching conditions (A); TEM images of 2D MOF-5 nanosheet etched toward [100] (B) and [110] (C) directions[54]; Formation mechanism (D), SEM image (E) and TEM image (F) of h-Graphene[55]; Formation mechanism (G), SEM image (H) and TEM image (I) of Ti3C2Cl2 nanosheet with 2D mesoporous structure[56]
Methods | Advantages | Disadvantages | Applicable conditions | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bottom-up method | Soft-template method | Simple operation, controllable pore size | Complex mechanism, poor universality | Homogeneous aqueous synthetic system, strong interaction between precursor and surfactant |
Soft-soft hybrid-template method | Versatile templates, facile structural control | Increased cost, high toxicity | Liquid-liquid interface synthetic system, adequate interaction between precursor and templates | |
Soft-hard hybrid-template method | Easy production of complex 2D mesoporous nanostructures | Harsh template-removal process | Liquid-solid interface synthetic system, sufficient affinity between composite micelle and hard template | |
Top-down method | Chemical etching | Simple operation | Unavoidable loss of crystallinity, random pore distribution | 2D materials with inhomogeneous intrinsic physicochemical properties |
Table 1 A comparative analysis of synthetic methods for two-dimensional mesoporous materials
Methods | Advantages | Disadvantages | Applicable conditions | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bottom-up method | Soft-template method | Simple operation, controllable pore size | Complex mechanism, poor universality | Homogeneous aqueous synthetic system, strong interaction between precursor and surfactant |
Soft-soft hybrid-template method | Versatile templates, facile structural control | Increased cost, high toxicity | Liquid-liquid interface synthetic system, adequate interaction between precursor and templates | |
Soft-hard hybrid-template method | Easy production of complex 2D mesoporous nanostructures | Harsh template-removal process | Liquid-solid interface synthetic system, sufficient affinity between composite micelle and hard template | |
Top-down method | Chemical etching | Simple operation | Unavoidable loss of crystallinity, random pore distribution | 2D materials with inhomogeneous intrinsic physicochemical properties |
Fig.5 SEM image and schematic (A), first and second cycles of galvanostatic discharge/charge curves (B), cycling performance and the coulombic efficiency at different current densities (C) of 2D mesoporous graphene nanosheet[59]; SEM image and structure model (D), cycling performance at different current densities (E), long-term cycling performance at ultrahigh current density (F) of 2D ordered mesoporous TiO2 nanosheet[45]; FESEM image (G), cycling stability (H) of 2D mesoporous C-TiO2-C heterostructure; Separation of the capacitive and diffusion currents in the mesoporous heterostructure (I) [60]
Fig.6 SEM image (A) and HER catalytic performance including current density variation at 0.35 V (vs RHE) (B) and Tafel plots (C) of 2D mesoporous mNC-Mo2C@rGO[63]; SEM image (D), polarization curves (E) and Tafel plots (F) of 2D mesoporous metallic Iridium nanosheets[42]; SEM image (G), LSV curves (H), durability and resistance to methanol interference (inset) comparison with commercial Pt/C catalysts (I) of mNC-Fe3O4@rGO-1[64]
Fig.7 TEM image, high-magnification TEM image, AFM image and the corresponding height profile(A), photocatalytic activity comparison of CN-B, CN-S, PCN-B and PCN-S*(B), quantum efficiency (C) of PCN-S[66]; TEM image (D), photocatalytic hydrogen generation rate comparison among samples calcined at different temperatures (E), single-wavelength photocatalytic hydrogen generation rate and corresponding apparent quantum efficiency comparison with UATNs (F) of SDUATNs[67]
Fig.8 SEM image (A), responses to volume fraction of 0.0050% ethanol at different temperatures comparison with sensors of different Zn/Sn molar ratio but same calcination temperature (B) and same Zn/Sn molar ratio but different calcination temperature (C) of ZnSnO-3-500[71]; Cross-section FESEM image (scale bars: 100 nm)(D), gas-sensor schematic and its response and recovery curves (in orange) to volume fraction of 0.0020% NH3, 0.0020% H2S, and mixed gases of NH3 (0.0020%) and H2S (0.0020%) comparison with mesoporous silica thin film (in green) and mesoporous carbon thin film (in blue) based sensors (E) of NH2-functionalized and COOH-functionalized Janus mesoporous carbon/silica thin films[72]
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